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SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table exhibits the range in the size of households studied by showing the percentage of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 303.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the total number of households studied in the above table, the largest proportion, or 19.3 per cent, are households of five persons, the proportion of households of 4, 6, 7, and 3 persons following in the order named, and less than 10 per cent being households of each other specified number of persons. Of the households the heads of which are native-born of native father a larger proportion are of 2 or 4 persons than either the households the heads of which are nativeborn of foreign father or the households the heads of which are foreign-born, the households the heads of which are foreign-born showing the smallest proportion in the first instance and the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father the smallest proportion in the second instance. Of the households of 3 and 5 persons, those the heads of which are native-born of foreign father show a larger proportion than those the heads of which are nativeborn of native father and those the heads of which are foreign-born show the smallest proportion. A larger proportion of the households the heads of which are foreign-born than of either the households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father or the households the heads of which are native-born of native father are households of each specified number of persons above 5, the households the heads of which are native-born of native father showing the smallest proportions in each instance. A greater degree of conges

tion exists in the households the heads of which are South Italian, Magyar, or Slovak than in the households the heads of which are Swedish or Welsh, over 10 per cent of the households the heads of which are of each of the three races first mentioned being households of 10 persons or more, as compared with none of the households the heads of which are Swedish and 6.1 per cent of the households the heads of which are Welsh, which are households of the same number of persons.

CONGESTION.

In the preceding tables the extent to which crowding prevails in the households studied in the community is indicated. The degree of congestion and its effects upon living arrangements is more directly set forth in the following series of tables.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room.

TABLE 304.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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Among the households for which information was secured, the average number of persons per apartment is 5.83, the average number of persons per room is 1.06, and the average number of persons per sleeping room is 2.21. It will be noted that the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room is largest among the households of the foreign-born, second largest among the households of the native-born of foreign father, and smallest among the households of the native-born of native father. Of the households of the foreign-born, those of South Italian, Magyar, and Welsh heads, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and those of Lithu

anian and Polish heads the smallest average number of persons per apartment; those of South Italian, Magyar, and Slovak heads, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and those of Lithuanian and Swedish heads the smallest average number of persons per room; and those of Magyar, Slovak, and South Italian heads, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and those of Lithuanian and Ruthenian heads the smallest average number of persons per sleeping room.

The table next presented shows persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 305.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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In the 384 households studied in this locality the average number of persons per room is 1.06. The average number in the households, the heads of which are foreign-born, is slightly above, while the average in the households, the heads of which are both native-born of foreign father and native whites born of native father, is considerably below the average shown in the total for all households. Among those households the heads of which are foreign-born, the South Italian, Magyar, and Slovak households each show an average number of persons per room considerably in excess of that shown for all households the heads of which are foreign-born, while of those households showing an average below that shown in the total, the proportions range from 0.95 for the Welsh to 0.70 for the Lithuanian households. None of the 384 households have four or more persons and only 1 per cent have three or more persons, while 60.7 and 10.7 per cent have one or more and two or more persons per room, respectively. The proportion of those households the heads of which are foreign-born having

each specified number of persons per room is only slightly in excess of the proportions shown in the totals for all households studied-those households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father showing a smaller proportion with two or more and a smaller proportion having one or more, and those households the heads of which are native whites born of native father a proportion having one or more persons per room very much below that shown in the total for all households.

Among those households whose heads are foreign-born it will be noted that no Swedish or Welsh and only small proportions of Magyar, South Italian, and Slovak households have three or more persons per room, and that no Swedish or Welsh have two or more persons-the proportions of Slovak, South Italian, and Magyar households having this specified number of perons ranging from 30 to 17.3 per cent. Of those households having one or more persons per room, the South Italian with 89.2 per cent show a slightly larger proportion than the Slovak or Magyar and a very much larger proportion than the Welsh or Swedish households, in the order named, the last named reporting but 33.3 per cent. Among those households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father it will be noted that no Irish households have three or more and that no German, as compared with 3.7 per cent of the Irish, have two or more, while the proportion of Irish households having one or more persons per room is greater than the proportion of German households.

The following table enumerates the persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household:"

TABLE 306,-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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The preceding table shows that 70.1 per cent of the total number of households concerning which information was secured have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, 26.3 per cent have 3 or more, 7.8 per cent 4 or more, 1.6 per cent 5 or more, and 0.5 per cent 6 or more persons per sleeping room. The average number of persons per sleeping room for all households studied is 2.21. Households the heads of which are of foreign birth show 2.28 persons per sleeping room as contrasted with 1.97 persons per sleeping room in households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father and 1.86 persons per sleeping room in the households the heads of which are native-born whites of native father. The households the heads of which are foreign-born show a higher per cent having 2 or more, 3 or more, and 4 or more persons per sleeping room, than either the households the heads of which are native-born whites of native father or native-born of foreign father, the former showing a higher per cent of households having 2 or more persons and 4 or more persons per sleeping room than the latter, while the households the heads of which are nativeborn of foreign father show a higher per cent having 3 or more persons per sleeping room than do households the heads of which are native-born whites of native father. The households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father show a higher percentage than do the households the heads of which are foreign-born having 5 or more or 6 or more persons per sleeping room, while the households the heads of which are native whites born of native father show no per cent having this number of persons per sleeping room. Households the heads of which are native-born of German father show a higher per cent having 2 or more or 3 or more persons per sleeping room than do the households the heads of which are nativeborn of Irish father, the latter, however, show a small percentage having 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more persons per sleeping room. Those households the heads of which are native-born of German father report none of their number with so many persons per sleeping room. Households the heads of which are Slovaks, Magyars, and South Italians, show the highest per cent having 5 or more persons per sleeping room and households the heads of which are Ŝlovaks and Magyars the highest percentage having 4 or more persons per sleeping room

The final table of the series, which is next presented, indicates the effect upon living arrangements of congestion within the households studied by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households regularly occupying all except each specified number of rooms to sleep in.

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