Over 10 per cent of the households whose heads are of each race, except the Hebrew, Polish, and Slovak groups, occupy apartments of 6 rooms, and less than 10 per cent of those the heads of which are of each race, except English and Irish, occupy apartments of 7 or

more rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table exhibits the range in the size of the households studied by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons.

TABLE 80.--Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The preceding table shows that of the 689 households 18.1 per cent are composed of 4 persons, and households of 3, 5, 6, 2, and 7 persons follow with smaller proportions in the order named. Less than 10 per cent are households of 8, 9, or 10 or more persons. A smaller proportion of the households the heads of which are foreign-born than of those whose heads are native-born, of either native or foreign father, are households of each specified number of persons under 6, while a larger proportion are of each specified number of persons above 5. None of the households whose heads are native-born, of either native or foreign father, as compared with 8.9 per cent of those the heads of which are foreign-born, are households of 10 or more persons. A greater degree of congestion exists in the households the heads of which are Polish and Slovak than in those the heads of which are of any other race, as over 50 per cent of these households are composed of 7 or more persons.

CONGESTION.

Preceding tables indicate the extent to which crowding prevails in the households of the community. The degree of congestion and its effects upon living arrangements is more directly set forth in the following series of tables. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 81.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The above table shows that in 689 households there is an average of 5.34 persons per apartment, 1.12 persons per room, and an average number of persons per sleeping room of 2.11. The households whose heads are foreign-born show a higher average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room than do the households whose heads are native-born of either native or foreign father, the households whose heads are native-born of native father showing the lowest average number of persons in each instance. Of the households whose heads are of each specified race, those whose heads are English show the lowest, and those whose heads are Polish the highest, average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households having each specified number of persons per room.

TABLE 82.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of 689 households studied in the above table, none have as many as 4 persons per room, 0.7 per cent have 3 or more, 10.3 per cent have 2 or more, and 63.6 per cent have 1 or more. None of the households whose heads are native-born, whether of native or foreign father, have more than one person per room, but 13.4 per cent of the foreignborn have two or more and 0.9 per cent have as many as three. The households whose heads are Poles or Slovaks show 94.8 and 90.3 per cent, respectively, with 1 or more persons per room, as compared with less than 80 per cent of the households the heads of which are of any other race. Households the heads of which are Poles and Slovaks show 35.1 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively, having 2 or more persons per room, as compared with less than 10 per cent of the households the heads of which are of any other given race; the two first mentioned also show 3.1 per cent and 6.5 per cent, respectively, having 3 or more persons per room, as compared with none of the households the heads of which are of any other race.

The following table shows persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 83.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of 689 households for which information was secured, 67.1 per cent have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, 17.3 per cent 3 or more, 2.9 per cent 4 or more, and less than 1 per cent 5 or more. Of the households the heads of which are of the different nativity groups, those whose heads are native-born of native father show the smallest proportion, having each 2 or more and 3 or more persons per sleeping room, and those the heads of which are native-born of foreign father the largest, with 2 or more persons per sleeping room, while the households whose heads are foreign-born show the largest proportions having 3 or more persons per sleeping room. Of the households whose heads are foreign-born, those whose heads are Hebrews show the highest proportion having each specified number of persons per sleeping room, except 2 or more, where those the heads of which are Polish show the highest proportion. The households whose heads are of the older immigrant races, or Irish, German, and English, show considerably lower proportions having each specified number per sleeping room than the households the heads of which are of the races of more recent immigration.

The final table of the series, which is next presented, indicates the effect upon living arrangements of congestion within the households studied by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households regularly using in all except each specified number of rooms to sleep in.

TABLE 84.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of 689 households in Community A for which information was secured, all rooms are regularly used as sleeping rooms in 3.6 per cent of the households, all except one in 20 per cent, and all except two in 40.2 per cent. Of the households whose heads are of the different nativity groups, those whose heads are native-born of native father show the smallest proportion regularly using all except one room and all except two rooms to sleep in, and the foreign-born show the largest. Of the households the heads of which are of the different foreign-born races, those the heads of which are Polish and Slovak show much greater proportions using all rooms, and all except one room, while the households the heads of which are Hebrews show a larger proportion regularly using all rooms except two to sleep in.