TABLE 693.—Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all

races.]

Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

General nativity and race

of head of household.

number of rooms

of house

holds.

a Not including one apartment not reporting number of rooms.

The salient fact disclosed by the foregoing table is that slightly more than 50 per cent of the households studied in the Birmingham district occupy apartments of two rooms. The proportion of households that occupy four-room apartments is 20.9 per cent, as compared with 15.5 per cent who occupy three-room apartments, 4.2 per cent who occupy apartments of one room only, 4.4 per cent who occupy five-room apartments, and 1.4 per cent who occupy six-room apartments. Less than 1 per cent occupy apartments with seven rooms or more. The native-born negroes show, when compared with the foreign-born, a large proportion of households that live in apartments of two and four rooms. Of all of the races studied the Greeks show the largest proportion who live in oneroom apartments. The South Italians are second and next to the French and Slovaks, the Bulgarians and Scotch, showing no households in apartments of one room. Of the Greek households studied, 81.3 per cent occupy two-room apartments, followed by the Bulgarians, who have 80.8 per cent. None of the Scotch households studied occupy two-room apartments, while for each of the other races in this classification the proportion is in excess of 20 per cent, the French, with 22.7 per cent, having the smallest proportion.

Only 6.3 per cent of the Greek households studied occupy threeroom apartments. This is the smallest proportion shown in this group and is interesting when compared with that of the Slovaks, or 35 per cent, which is the highest proportion. Among the French and Scotch the increased proportions living in the apartments of a larger number of rooms are noticeable. Of the French, 43.2 per cent, and 39 per cent of the Scotch households studied occupy four-room apartments. These races and the Slovaks are the only races which show more than 10 per cent of their households in four-room apartments. The Scotch exhibit the highest percentage of households occupying five-room apartments, and the French are second. The

Greeks show none, and each of the other races less than 10 per cent in this group. Only three races have any households that occupy six-room apartments. These are the South Italian, Scotch, and Slovak, and the Scotch alone of all other races have a proportion of their households in apartments of seven or more rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons:

TABLE 694.—Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all

The table immediately preceding shows that of the 661 households. studied 52.7 per cent have less than 5 persons per household; 16 per cent report 2, 18.5 per cent 3, 17.9 per cent 4, and only 0.3 per cent 1. Of those having over 4 persons per household, 15.1 per cent have 5, 10.3 per cent 6, 9.4 per cent 7, and 3.8, 3.6, and 5.1 per cent have 8, 9, and 10 or more persons per household, respectively. With the exception of those households having 1, 2, and 3 persons, the households the heads of which were foreign-born show a slightly larger proportion having each of the other specified number of persons than is shown in the total for all households.

Among those households the heads of which were foreign-born none have only one person. As contrasted with the French and South Italian, the proportions of the other households having 2 persons are very low. Of those having three persons, the South Italian households show a slightly larger proportion than the French and a considerably larger proportion than the Slovak, Greek, Bulgarian, and Scotch households, the last named reporting the smallest proportion, or 7.3 per cent. The French, with 31.8 per cent having 4 persons per household, show a considerably larger proportion than the South Italian or Slovak, and a much larger proportion than the

Scotch, Greek, or Bulgarian households. Both the Bulgarian and French having 5 and 6 persons per household show smaller proportions than are shown by households the heads of which are of any other race.

As regards those households having 7 and 8 persons, the Greeks with 28.1 per cent in the former and the Slovaks with 11.7 per cent in the latter show the largest proportions. The South Italians, with 2.6 per cent having 9 persons and 2.2 per cent having 10 or more persons, again show the smallest proportions, while the Bulgarians, with 18.5 and 29.6 per cent, respectively, show a much larger proportion in each instance than is shown by any other race. The French households alone, it will be noted, report no proportion having more than 7 persons per household. With 17.1 per cent of households consisting of 10 or more persons the Scotch show a proportion lower than the 29.6 per cent shown by the Bulgarians, but considerably above the proportions shown by households the heads of which were of any other race.

CONGESTION.

A further insight into the degree of congestion within the households studied and its effect upon living arrangements is afforded by the series of tables next submitted. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in the households studied per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 695.—Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not including one household not reporting number of rooms.

Not including one household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

The preceding table shows a higher degree of congestion in the foreign-born than in the native-born households, the former having a higher average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room. For each 100 apartments the native-born show 355 persons as compared with 517 for the foreign-born, and 128

persons for each 100 rooms as compared with 188 for the foreignborn. In sleeping rooms, the native-born households have an average of 221 persons for each 100, while the foreign-born have 297 persons. The greatest degree of congestion is exhibited by the Bulgarian and Macedonian households, in the number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room. The Greeks and South Italians closely approach the degree of congestion of the Bulgarians and Macedonians in all rooms and in sleeping rooms only. The French households have the smallest average number of persons per room and per sleeping room. The native negro shows a smaller average number of persons per apartment and per sleeping room than is shown for the native white, but a higher average per room.

The range in the number of persons per room is shown, by general nativity and race of head of household, in the table next presented: TABLE 696.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.
b Not including 1 household not reporting number of rooms.

This table, covering 660 households reporting complete data, shows an average of 1.76 persons per room. Of the foreign-born there are 1.88 persons per room as against 1.28 persons per room among the native-born. The average number of persons per room is slightly higher with the negro native-born of native father, than with the native-born white of native father, although neither averages 2 persons per room. Among the foreign-born races the Macedonians and Bulgarians, each with more than 3 persons per room, display the highest averages, while both Greeks and South Italians average more than 2 persons per room. All other races have over 1 person per room, but the averages of the French and English are lower than the others. Of the households having 1 or more persons per room, the Bulgarians and Greeks are first, with 100 per cent each, and all other races, excepting the French, show more than 90 per cent so housed. The Greeks and Bulgarians also show the greatest percentage of households with 2 or more persons per room, while the French show

only 6.8 per cent. Over 50 per cent of the South Italians are thus reported, while the Slovaks and Scotch come below that figure. It will be observed that the French and Scotch, both representatives of the older immigration, show lower averages than the other races throughout. Only two races, Greek and Bulgarian, have over 50 per cent of households with 3 or more persons per room. The South

Italian has over 20 per cent and the Slovak comes a little below that mark, while the French and Scotch report a trifle over 2 per cent each. In the column showing the households with 4 or more persons per room, the Bulgarian still leads with 38.5 per cent, the Greek coming next, with 12.5 per cent, while the remaining races show a very slight percentage or, in the case of the French and Scotch, none at all.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number of persons per sleeping room:

TABLE 697.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.
bNot including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

The foregoing table shows the average number of persons per sleeping room to be 2.81. Of these households, 564 have 2 or more persons per sleeping room and a majority show 3 or more, while only 28, or 4.2 per cent, report as many as 6. The households whose heads were foreign-born report a much larger average number of persons in each sleeping room than do the native-born of native father. The percentage of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room is seen to be the highest, or 100 per cent, among the foreignborn Bulgarians, followed by the Greeks, South Italians and Slovaks. Of those having 6 or more persons per sleeping room the percentage is comparatively high among the South Italians and Slovaks, while the Bulgarians, Scotch, and French have no households with this number per sleeping room.