TABLE 673.—Per cent of foreign-born male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by race and length of residence in the United States.*°

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more males reporting.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other caus. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

As a general rule, the South Italians reporting show an increased earning ability as the length of residence in the United States increases. By way of illustration, only 8.6 per cent of those who have been in the United States under 5 years earn $10 or over per week, as compared with 21.4 per cent of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years, and 13.3 per cent of those who have been in the United States ten years or over. This may be even better illustrated by reference to the columns showing the proportions earning $12.50, $15, and $17.50, or over per week. This race report no proportions with a residence of less than five years, earning these specified amounts, as compared with 5.4, 3.6, and 3.6 per cent, respectively, of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years. It will also be seen that of those who have been in the United States ten years or over, the proportions of those earning $12.50 and $15 or over, are in excess of the proportions shown by those with a residence of from five to nine years.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The table submitted below shows, by general nativity and race of individual, husbands at work in the households studied, together with their average annual earnings:

TABLE 674.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

The preceding table shows that all the native-born and 97.2 per cent of the foreign-born husbands are at work. The average annual earnings of the husbands who are native-born whites are $521, as contrasted with $368 of the total foreign-born and $486 of the nativeborn negro. Among the foreign-born husbands, the highest average annual earnings are shown by the Scotch, and the lowest by the South Italians. The annual earnings of both the English and Scotch are in excess of the earnings of the native-born whites.

The following table exhibits, by general nativity and race, the range in annual earnings of male heads of families:

TABLE 675.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only male heads of selected families. For selection of families, see p. 272.]

As already seen, the yearly earnings of heads of families for whom information was secured in this locality average $399. The proportions of male heads of families earning under $200, under $400, and under $600 each year, respectively, are larger for the foreign-born than for the native-born negro of native father. On the other hand, the negro native-born of native father has larger proportions of individuals earning under $800 and under $1,000 per year, respectively, than have the foreign-born.

Under

$200.

Under

$400.

Under

$600.

Under

$800. Under. $1,000.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows yearly earnings, by general nativity and race of individual, of all males 18 years of age or over in the households studied who were working for wages:

TABLE 676.— Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

Number

working

for wages Average

and earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under Under Under reporting $200. $400. $600. $1,000. $200. $400.

amount.

$600. $1,000.

French..

Scotch..

Slovak

665

356

77.8

Grand total.

1.199

1,185

The annual earnings of the adult males in this locality for whom information was secured, as shown by the above table, average $331. It appears that the average yearly earnings are highest in the case of the whites native-born of native father; they are higher in the case of the negroes native-born of native father than in that of the second generation of immigrants, and lowest in the case of the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born, the Scotch, English, and French, in the order mentioned, have the highest average yearly earnings. The proportions of individuals earning under $200 and under $400 per year, respectively, are largest for the foreign-born, and larger for the native-born of foreign father than for the negroes native-born of native father. On the other hand, the proportions of individuals earning under $600 and under $1,000 per year, respectively, are

largest for the foreign-born, but larger for the native-born negro of native father than for the second generation of immigrants.

ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the per cent of families studied having a total yearly income of each specified amount.

TABLE 677.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. Seven families are included which report income as "none."]

The average family income for the 476 families studied in this locality is $492, the foreign-born reporting $481, as compared with $542 for the native-born. Of these 476 families, 27.9 per cent have a total income of under $300, 63.2 under $500, 85.7 per cent under $750, 93.7 under $1,000, and only 2.3 per cent have a total income of $1,500 or over. The negroes native-born of native father, while showing only slightly larger proportions than are shown in the total for all families earning under $750, under $1,000, and under $1,500, show a considerably smaller proportion earning under $500. The negros show only 4 per cent earning under $300, in contrast with 35 per cent of the foreign-born.

Among the foreign-born, the average family income of the Scotch, $1,032, exceeds that of any other race. No Scotch, and only 5.7 per cent of the French families, as compared with 26.4 per cent of the Slovak and 52.2 per cent of the South Italian families, have an income under $300. As regards those families which have an income under $500, the South Italians report by far the largest proportion, or 86.2 per cent, while the French and Slovaks, of about equal rank in this comparison, show a very much larger proportion having an income. under this amount than do the Scotch, who report but 14.7 per cent. As regards those having incomes under $750 and under $1,000, respectively, the South Italians in each instance show the largest proportion and the Scotch the smallest, the percents reported by the