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Project). The subsequent drilling, off the coast of Florida on the continental shelf and Blake Plateau, accomplished successfully in April and May 1965 under a Foundation grant to Lamont Geological Institute, provided further demonstration of the practicability of drilling in deep waters for scientific purposes. In September of 1965, the Foundation received a proposal from the University of California for Scripps Institution of Oceanography to undertake a deep sea drilling project. The stated aims of the proposal were substantially those visualized in the Foundation's budget request for fiscal years 1966 and 1967 for an Ocean Sediment Coring Program. A definitive contract between the Foundation and the University was executed in January of 1967. The amount of $5.4 million allocated for this program in fiscal year 1966 was obligated to the contract during that year. We have available the $1.3 million allocated for fiscal year 1967, and we are requesting an additional $3.0 million for the program in fiscal year 1968. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient to meet the initial ship operations, core analysis, and related program costs which will be incurred in connection with this program through fiscal year 1968.

Following the execution of the prime contract, Scripps issued Requests for Proposals to prospective drilling subcontractors. The necessary provisions of the drilling project, as stated in that document, are: (1) The equipment and crew are to perform on a fixed day-rate basis; expendable and similar items will be separately reimbursable. (2) The initial term of drilling operations under the subcontract is to be 18 months; quotations for day-rates for an extended term of 30 months, in 6 month increments, requested. (3) The proposed drilling sites are located between latitudes 45 degrees North and South, in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, about equally. (4) The drilling sites will include water depths between 3,000 and 20,000 feet, and penetrations up to 2,500 feet at the greatest water depths are planned. (5) The capability for continuous wire-line coring is to be provided; the capability for short penetration into subsedimentary crystaline basement to be provided without, however, any capability for hole re-entry. (6) The drilling vessel is to be dynamically positioned with reference to a sea-floor marker, probably a sonar beacon. (7) The drilling vessel is to afford quarters for a scientific complement of twenty-one people, with laboratory facilities to permit initial scientific analysis of the core material. (8) The drilling vessel is to be capable of continuous operations for periods of sixty to ninety days at sea between ports of call for reprovisioning and personnel rotation. Within that broad framework of fundamental program requirements, the prospective drilling subcontractors are free to propose specific equipment, systems and procedures to attain the desired objectives.

The date set for the submittal of proposals to Scripps by prospective drilling subcontractors is June 20, 1967. A ninety-day period is provided to allow the University's evaluation of proposals, selection of a subcontractor, and negotiation of a contract, subject to Foundation approval. It is anticipated that actual drilling operations will begin sometime during calendar year 1968, depending on the date of availability of the equipped vessel to the selected subcontractor. Of the funding requirements for the project, certain costs are not subject to altogether precise advance estimate. Among those, that for drill pipe replacement comprises the largest single one. However, by far the largest fraction of total costs will have been substantially fixed once a drilling subcontract has been executed, since the daily operating rates will have been thereby established. The modification costs of the vessel will not appear as a separate item, as the daily charges for the working vessel will reflect this expense.

Some of the major systems and pieces of equipment which had been completely fabricated for employment on the Mohole Project will probably be useful on the Ocean Sediment Coring Program. In dollar amounts, the two completed mohole items of greatest value are the logging winches and sonar positioning reference systems. It is hoped, subject yet to the analyses of the prospective drilling subcontractors, that most of that equipment can be utilized on the current project. This will result in substantial cost savings to the Government and will permit greater efficiency of operations than otherwise might have been provided by state-of-the-art technology prior to knowledge gained from Project Mohole. Scientific planning for the project has been undertaken by a number of panels. Those panels include one each for Atlantic and Pacific Site Selection, for Paleontology and Biostratigraphy, for Sedimentary Petrography and Chemistry, for Igneous and Metamorphic Petrography, and for Geophysical Logging. The panels have been constituted under the auspices of the JOIDES group, with their membership broadly representing the entire interested scientific community including

individuals from a great number of academic and governmental organizations. The scientific planning for the project is well advanced, and charts illustrating the proposed vessel tracks in the two oceans are appended.

Scripps' responsibility will have been discharged with their acquisition of the cores and their preliminary description of the material. Thereafter, the core samples will be distributed to all interested and qualified scientists for their pursuit of detailed studies according to their various special disciplines and lines of research endeavor. It is anticipated that those studies will lead to a fundamental advance in our knowledge of the ocean basins and of the earth as a whole. The basic concept in planning this deep sea drilling project has been to provide the broadest possible reconnaissance survey of the oceanic basins in order to approach solutions to the most fundamental questions of geology and solid-earth geophysics.

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The track is divided into four legs, each having from six to nine drill sites. Stops of about one week will be made at intermediate ports, between the voyage legs. This track may be started from a Gulf Coast port or from the Canal Zone, and may be run in either direction. Seasonal weather restrictions apply only in the extreme northern and southern portions of the track. A total time of 270 days is estimated to be needed for this part of the program.

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The track is divided into five legs, having in total twenty-five to thirty-seven drill sites. Stops of about one week will be made in each port shown. The track may be started from a California port or from the Canal Zone. Seasonal weather restrictions apply only in the extreme northern and western portions of the track. A total time of 280 days is estimated to be needed for this part of the program.

150-INCH TELESCOPE AT CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMERICAN OBSERVATORY

Senator MAGNUSON. Did you discuss, doctor, the telescope project at Cerro Tololo, Chile?

Dr. HAWORTH. No, we have not.

Senator MAGNUSON. This material on the Cerro Tololo telescope will be included in the record at this point.

(The information follows:)

SOURCE OF FISCAL YEAR 1967 FUNDING

Reprograming of savings from prior year operations:
From National Radio Astronomy Observatory-
From Kitt Peak National Observatory---

Reprograming from adjustments in other program allocations---

Total___

$215,000

395, 000

40, 000

650, 000

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, Washington, D.C., March 23, 1967.

Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON,
U.S. Senate,

Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR MAGNUSON: You may recall our telephone conversation of some weeks ago concerning the arrangements now being developed between the National Science Foundation and the Ford Foundation for jointly funding the cost of fabricating and erecting a 150-inch optical telescope to be located at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Northern Chile. The agreement with the Ford Foundation currently being negotiated by the Associated Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated (AURA), which operates the Cerro Tololo Observatory, will provide that the Ford Foundation will match up to $5 million the National Science Foundation funding of the telescope, the total cost of which is estimated at about $10 million. The project is described on pages 44 and 61-62 of our fiscal year 1968 Budget request now before the Congress.

From a scientific standpoint, a telescope of this size and capability located in the Southern Hemisphere is the highest priority requirement for the advancement of ground-based optical astronomy, especially since certain regions of the sky observable only from that hemisphere contain objects of unusual interest. At the present time there is a serious deficiency in the number and especially the size of optical telescopes for observing in the Southern Hemisphere. Whereas in the Northern Hemisphere telescopes are available up to a diameter of 200 inches (on Mt. Palomar in California), those in the Southern Hemisphere do not exceed 74 inches and these are not American owned. The largest U.S. telescope now funded is the 60-inch one being constructed for the Cerro Tololo Observatory. Although an international consortium of observatories in Western Europe has under fabrication a 140-inch telescope to be installed in Chile, about 60 miles from Cerro Tololo, opportunity for American astronomers to use it will, at best, be very limited. Thus, the construction of the proposed instrument at Cerro Tololo is of very great importance to American astronomy.

I believe the arrangement for joint funding with the Ford Foundation has a number of important advantages. First, the arrangement will result in a substantial reduction in cost to the government which in turn makes it feasible to provide this important research instrument for the United States, and to some extent South American, scientists at an earlier date than would otherwise be the case. Second, by acting quickly we can make it possible to obtain price advantages through duplicate ordering of components necessary for the construction of an identical telescope already funded for the Kitt Peak National Observatory, thus saving on both instruments.

Third, the arrangement between the Ford Foundation and the National Science Foundation is a rather unique concept that could serve as a valuable precedent for other similar cooperative arrangements between private foundations and the National Science Foundation. Fourth, we believe the installation and operation of such an important facility as quickly as possible will be helpful to our international relationships, especially so because South American astronomers will be able to use the instrument in scientifically justifiable instances.

In order to move expeditiously toward the ultimate completion of the telescope and to take advantage of the price reductions presumed to be possible through duplicate ordering of components, the National Science Foundation is proposing to re-program $650 thousand in Fiscal Year 1967 funds to cover its share of the quartz blank for the telescope mirror and has requested $1.2 million in the Fiscal Year 1968 budget to cover its share of the estimated cost of telescope components to be contracted during that year. The balance of our commitment, now estimated at $3.15 million, will be requested from Fiscal Year 1969 appropriations. Since the concept of joint funding with the Ford Foundation did not originate until after action on our 1967 appropriation had been completed so that your Committee had no opportunity to evaluate the proposal at that time, and in view of the many advantages of moving as expeditiously as possible, we would greatly appreciate an early expression of your attitude toward our participation in this important project, including the proposed reprogramming this year. It would be helpful to the Foundation to have your response before the President's forthcoming trip to South America. I should add that the project was discussed at our budget hearings before the House Subcommittee on the Independent Of

fices Appropriation and a letter similar to this one is being addressed to Mr. Evins, Chairman of that Subcommittee.

We would, of course, be happy to provide any additional information that you may desire.

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DEAR DOCTOR HAWORTH: I am in receipt of your letter of March 23rd, which confirms the information you conveyed to me some time ago by telephone, concerning the arrangements being developed between the National Science Foundation and the Ford Foundation for jointly funding the cost of fabricating and erecting a 150-inch optical telescope to be located at the Cerro Tololo InterAmerican Observatory in Northern Chile.

The funding referred to is fully explained in the justifications for fiscal year 1968 covering this national research center, has been discussed before the House Subcommittee on Independent Offices Appropriations, and will be further discussed when the Senate Subcommittee holds its hearings in the next few weeks. Meanwhile, the advantages to the Government budget and to the use by the scientific community are well worth while and I know of no objection to promptly proceeding with the joint funding proposed. I feel sure that the Senate Subcommittee will endorse the arrangements.

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DEAR SENATOR MAGNUSON: Thank you very much for your quick response replying to my letter of March 23 and giving your assent to our proceeding with arrangements for the joint funding with the Ford Foundation of the 150-inch telescope to be located at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. I am deeply grateful.

Sincerely yours,

LELAND J. HAWORTH,

INITIATION OF 150-INCH TELESCOPE

Director.

Senator MAGNUSON. Just for the record, so it is clear. Recently there was $650,000 in your fiscal year 1967 funds which were reprogramed to initiate a 150-inch telescope project in Cerro Tololo, Chile. Will you tell the subcommittee the reason for this and where from the funds were derived. You have a breakdown; have you not on that?

Dr. HAWORTH. Yes.

Senator MAGNUSON. We will put that in the record so they will understand it. Now, the question has been asked why a 150-inch telescope. Why not build a 200 inch?

Dr. HAWORTH. Well, this is a set of complicated considerations, Senator Magnuson.

Senator MAGNUSON. Do you explain that in here?

Dr. HAWORTH. I believe we gave you a document with respect to this.

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