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of this section, there shall be on board registered vessels of the United States and foreign vessels, a United States registered pilot or Canadian registered pilot or other officer qualified for the waters concerned who shall be available to direct the navigation of the vessel in such undesignated waters at the discretion of and subject to the customary authority of the master.

(c) The authority extended in subsections (a) and (b) of this section to Canadian registered pilots or to other officers certified by Canada to serve on registered vessels of the United States and foreign vessels in United States waters of the Great Lakes shall be in effect only so long as Canada extends reciprocity to the United States registered pilots or to other officers licensed by the United States, in regard to requirements established for the pilotage of Canadian waters of the Great Lakes.

Registration of United States pilots

46 U.S.C. 216b

(a) The registration of United States pilots shall be carried out by the Secretary under such regulations as to qualifications, terms, and conditions which will assure adequate and efficient pilotage service, provide for equitable participation of United States registered pilots with Canadian registered pilots in the pilotage of vessels to which this chapter applies, and provide fair and reasonable opportunity for registration. Each applicant must, as a prerequisite, be the holder of an appropriate master's license as described in section 216 (c) of this title. In addition, the qualifications, terms, and conditions to be met by each applicant shall include, but not be limited to, availability for service when required and agreement to comply with all applicable regulations issued by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter. Such qualifications, terms, and conditions shall not include matters relating to a pilot's professional competency nor be inconsistent with his duties under the license issued to him by the Coast Guard, which matters shall remain the responsibility of the Coast Guard.

(b) The Secretary shall issue documentary evidence of registration to United States registered pilots and such evidence shall be in their possession at all times when in the service of a vessel. Further, this evidence of registration shall describe the part or parts. of the Great Lakes within which the holder is authorized to perform pilotage under this chapter and such description shall not be inconsistent with the terms of the pilotage authorization in his license. (c) The Secretary shall establish by regulation the period of validity of registration of United States registered pilots. When the Secretary determines on the record, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, that a United States registered pilot has violated any regulation pursuant to this chapter, he may revoke or suspend the registration of such pilot. The basis for such revocation or suspension of a pilot's registration shall not extend to or include matters which may be the basis for revocation or suspension of his license by the Coast Guard under section 239 of this title, or under any other law or regulation administered or prescribed by the Coast Guard, except that upon revocation or suspension by the Coast

Guard the Secretary shall revoke or suspend the pilot's registration. The Secretary shall advise the Coast Guard of the name and Coast Guard license number of each pilot who has been registered or whose registration has been revoked or suspended. The Coast Guard shall advise the Secretary of the name of any registered pilot whose license has been revoked or suspended.

(d) The Secretary is authorized to enter into arrangements with an appropriate agency of Canada for equitable participation by the United States registered pilots with Canadian registered pilots in the pilotage services required by both countries for vessels navigating the Great Lakes. To that end, the Secretary is further authorized to arrange with an appropriate agency of Canada for the number of pilots who shall be registered in each country.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the Secretary may authorize the formation of a pool or pools by a voluntary association or associations of United States registered pilots to provide such arrangements and facilities as may be necessary or desirable for the efficient dispatching of vessels and rendering of pilotage services required under the provisions of this chapter. The Secretary may

(i) establish such rules and regulations for the operation of a pool or pools as he may deem necessary;

(ii) require that pooling be coordinated on a reciprocal basis with similar arrangements established by the appropriate agency of Canada;

(iii) limit the number of pools;

(iv) audit and inspect the administration and operation of a pool or pools;

(v) prescribe uniform systems of accounts for a pool or pools. Rates, charges, conditions and terms for services

46 U.S.C. 216c

(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to establish by regulations the rates, charges, and any other conditions or terms for services performed by registered pilots to meet the provisions of this chapter.

(b) The Secretary is authorized to arrange with the appropriate agency of Canada for the establishment of joint or identical rates, charges, and any other conditions or terms for services by registered pilots in the waters of the Great Lakes.

(c) The rates, charges, and any other conditions or terms for pilotage services by registered pilots established by the Secretary in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be fair and equitable, giving due consideration to the public interest and the reasonable cost and expense of providing and maintaining such facilities and arrangements as are required for the efficient performance of pilotage services in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

Arrangements between the United States and Canada subject to concurrence of Secretary of State

46 U.S.C. 216d

Any written arrangements between the Secretary and the approriate agency of Canada under the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

Violations; civil penalties; enforcement

46 U.S.C. 216e

(a) Any owner, master, or person in charge of a vessel subject to this chapter who permits the navigation of the vessel by a person not a registered pilot in the waters designated by the President pursuant to section 216a (a) of this title or who permits the navigation of the vessel without having on board a registered pilot or other officer in the waters described in section 216a (b) of this title shall be liable to the United States in a civil penalty not exceeding $500 for each violation, for which sum the vessel shall be liable and may be seized and proceeded against by way of libel in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof. Each day the vessel shall be so navigated shall constitute a separate violation. This subsection shall be enforced by the head of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating.

(b) Any person, not a registered pilot, who directs the navigation of a vessel subject to this chapter in the waters designated by the President pursuant to section 216a (a) of this title, shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount not exceeding $500 for each violation. Each day such person so directs the navigation of such vessel shall constitute a separate violation. This subsection shall be enforced by the head of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating.

(c) A person who violates any regulation issued pursuant to sections 216b and 216c of this title shall be liable to the United States in a civil penalty not exceeding $500 for each violation. The provisions of this subsection shall be enforced by the Secretary, who may, upon application therefor, remit or mitigate the penalty provided for herein, upon such terms as he, in his discretion, shall think proper.

Operation without registered pilots

46 U.S.C. 216f

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, a vessel may be navigated in the United States waters of the Great Lakes without a United States or Canadian registered pilot when

(a) the Secretary, or his designee, with the concurrence of the head of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, or his designee, notifies the master that a United States or Canadian registered pilot is not available, or

(b) the vessel or its cargo is in distress or jeopardy.

State regulation of pilots prohibited; other laws applicable; laker vessels

46 U.S.C. 216g

(a) No State, municipal, or other local authority shall have any power to require the use of pilots or to regulate any aspect of pilotage in any of the waters specified in this chapter.

(b) Nothing in this chapter shall apply to any vessel of the United States which, in its navigation of waters to which this chapter is applicable, is required by any other Act to have in its service and on board pilots or other navigating officers licensed by the United States for such waters.

(c) The exceptions in section 216f of this title applying to Canadian vessels shall be effective only so long as Canada permits enrolled vessels of the United States to be navigated on Canadian waters of the Great Lakes solely by qualified officers licensed by the head of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating. Advisory committee

46 U.S.C. 216h

(a) The Secretary is authorized to appoint an Advisory Committee of three public members, each of whom shall have had at least five years of practical experience in maritime operations. The term for which a member may be appointed or reappointed shall not exceed five years.

(b) The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Secretary. The Advisory Committee may review proposed pilotage regulations and policies and make such recommendations as are deemed appropriate.

(c) Members of the Advisory Committee shall be compensated at a rate not exceeding $75 per day when actually engaged in the performance of their duties, together with their necessary travel expenses while going to and from meetings and when engaged on business at the call of the Secretary.

Use of Federal agency facilities on reimbursable basis 46 U.S.C. 216i

The Secretary may use, with their consent, the available services, equipment, personnel, and facilities of agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal Government on a reimbursable basis when appropriate. Officers to assist in examinations; dismissal of official disclosing source of information

46 U.S.C. 234 (R.S. 4448)

All officers licensed under the provisions of sections 214, 224, 226, 228, 229 and 230 of this title shall assist the Coast Guard in its examination of any vessels to which such licensed officers belong and shall point out all defects and imperfections known to them in the hull, equipments, boilers, or machinery of such vessel, and shall also make known to the Coast Guard at the earliest opportunity all accidents or occurrences producing serious injury to the vessel,

her equipments, boilers, or machinery, and in default thereof the license of any such officer so neglecting or refusing shall be suspended or revoked.

Watch duty of deck officers

46 U.S.C. 235

It shall be unlawful for the master, owner, agent, or other person having authority, to permit an officer of any vessel to take charge of the deck watch of the vessel upon leaving or immediately after leaving port, unless such officer shall have had at least six hours off duty within the twelve hours immediately preceding the time. of sailing, and no licensed officer on any ocean or coastwise vessel shall be required to do duty to exceed nine hours of any twentyfour while in port, including the date of arrival, or more than twelve hours of any twenty-four at sea, except in a case of emergency when life or property is endangered. Any violation of this section shall subject the person or persons guilty thereof to a penalty of $100. Requirements as to watches; duties of seamen; hours of work; penalty; right of seamen to discharge; effective date

46 U.S.C. 673

In all merchant vessels of the United States of more than one hundred tons gross, excepting those navigating rivers, harbors, lakes (other than Great Lakes), bays, sounds, bayous, and canals, exclusively, the licensed officers and sailors, coal passers, firemen, oilers and water tenders shall, while at sea, be divided into at least three watches, which shall be kept on duty successively for the performance of ordinary work incident to the sailing and management of the vessel: Provided, That in the case of radio-telegraph operators this requirement shall be applicable only when three or more radio officers are employed. No licensed officer or seaman in the deck or engine department of any tug documented under the laws of the United States (except boats or vessels used exclusively for fishing purposes) navigating the Great Lakes, harbors of the Great Lakes, and connecting and tributary waters between Gary, Indiana; Duluth, Minnesota; Niagara Falls, New York; and Ogdensburg, New York, shall be required or permitted to work more than eight hours in one day except in cases of extraordinary emergency affecting the safety of the vessel and/or life or property. The seamen shall not be shipped to work alternately in the fireroom and on deck, nor shall those shipped for deck duty be required to work in the fireroom, or vice versa; nor shall any licensed officer or seaman in the deck or engine department be required to work more than eight hours in one day; but these provisions shall not limit either the authority of the master or other officer or the obedience of the seamen when in the judgment of the master or other officer the whole or any part of the crew are needed for maneuvering, shifting berth, mooring, or unmooring the vessel, or the performance of work necessary for the safety of the vessel, her passengers, crew, and cargo, or for the saving of life aboard other vessels in jeopardy, or when in port or at sea, from requiring the whole or any part

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