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that he is skilled in the work usually performed by able seamen, and that he is entitled to such certificate under the provisions of this section, the Coast Guard shall issue to said applicant a certificate of service as able seaman, which shall be retained by him and be accepted as prima-facie evidence of his rating as an able seaman. Record of certificates of service

46 U.S.C. 672(c)

Each Coast Guard official shall keep a complete record of all certificates of service issued by him and to whom issued and shall keep on file the affidavits and records of examinations upon which said certificates are issued.

Muster of crew on motion or information; rules and regulations; examination of applicant for certificate of service as able seaman; surrender of certificates; new certificates

46 U.S.C. 672(d)

The collector of customs may, upon his own motion, and shall, upon the sworn information of any reputable citizen of the United States setting forth that this section is not being complied with, cause a muster of the crew of any vessel to be made to determine the fact, at which muster said reputable citizen must be present; and no clearance shall be given to any vessel failing to comply with the provisions of this section: Provided, That the collector of customs shall not be required to cause such muster of the crew to be made unless said sworn information has been filed with him for at least six hours before the vessel departs, or is scheduled to depart: Provided further, That any person that shall knowingly make a false affidavit for such purpose shall be deemed guilty of perjury and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $500 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, within the discretion of the court. Any violation of any provision of this section by the owner, master, or officer in charge of the vessel shall subject the owner of such vessel to a penalty of not less than $100 and not more than $500: Provided further, That the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, and nothing herein shall be held or construed to prevent the Commandant of the Coast Guard from making rules and regulations authorized by law as to vessels excluded from the operation of this section: And provided further, That no certificate of service as able seaman shall be issued by the Coast Guard until after examination of the applicant therefor, under rules and regulations prescribed by the Commandant of the Coast Guard as to his efficiency, and upon proof, as a result of such examination, that he has been trained in and is acquainted with the duties entitling him to such rating. No seaman shall be considered as "able seaman" within the meaning of the laws of the United States relating to the manning of vessels unless he is in possession of such certificate issued by the board of local inspectors or the Coast Guard. All certificates as "able seaman" and "lifeboatman" issued by the

several boards of local inspectors or other Federal officers prior to June 25, 1936, shall, within six months thereafter, be surrendered to such boards of local inspectors for cancelation, and there shall be issued in lieu thereof to all able seamen and lifeboatmen found qualified by such examination new certificates as required by law: Provided, That if due to inability on the part of the Department of Commerce to carry out the provisions of this subsection with regard to all seamen, the Secretary of Commerce may, in his discretion, extend the time for a period not to exceed three months. Such new certificates shall be stamped with the seal of the board of local inspectors or the Coast Guard, placed partially over the signature of the applicant for such certificate; and there shall be attached thereto a photograph of the applicant. Any other safeguards which, in the judgment of the Commandant of the Coast Guard, may be necessary and advisable to establish the authenticity of the certificate, are hereby authorized.

Members of engine department

46 U.S.C. 672(e)

No vessel to which this section applies may be navigated unless all of the complement in her engine department above the rating of coal passer or wiper and below the rating of licensed officer shall be holders of a certificate of service as a qualified member of the engine department. The Coast Guard shall, upon application and examination as to competence and physical condition, as prescribed by the Commandant of the Coast Guard, issue such a certificate of service. An applicant for such rating shall produce to such inspectors definite proof of at least six months' service at sea in a rating at least equal to that of coal passer or wiper in the engine department of vessels required by this Act to have such certificated men or proof that he is a graduate of a school ship approved by and conducted under rules prescribed by the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

Rules as to certificates of service or efficiency

46 U.S.C. 672(f)

As to the certificates of service or efficiency, the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall promulgate rules covering the form, contents, and manner of issuance, which shall include a provision that copies of these and all documents pertaining thereto be filed in the local offices and in the central office in Washington.

Certificates of service for other ratings

46 U.S.C. 672(g)

The Coast Guard shall, without examination (except food handlers who must be free from communicable disease), issue to all members of the crews of merchant vessels of the United States (except licensed officers), certificates of service for ratings other than as able seaman or a qualified member of the engine department, which certificates shall authorize them to serve in the capacities specified in such certificates: Provided, That such certificates shall not issue before oath has been taken before a Coast Guard official that the applicant

therefor will faithfully and honestly perform all the duties required of him by law, and carry out the lawful orders of his superior officers on shipboard and, in the case of a radio operator, shall produce to the Coast Guard his unexpired license issued by the Federal Communications Commission to act in that capacity: And provided further, That when a certificate has been revoked or suspended under the provisions of subsection (h) of this section, a new certificate shall not be issued until the Coast Guard shall determine that the issue of such new certificate is compatible with the requirements of good discipline and safety at sea.

Suspension or revocation of certificates of service or efficiency 46 U.S.C. 672(h)

All certificates of service or efficiency issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation or the Coast Guard shall be subject to suspension or revocation on the same grounds and in the same manner and with like procedure as is provided in the case of suspension or revocation of licenses of officers under the provisions of section 239 of this title.

Penalty for service without certificate of service

46 U.S.C. 672(i)

It shall be unlawful to employ any person, or for any person to serve aboard any merchant vessel of the United States, below the rating of licensed officer, who has not a certificate of service issued by a board of local inspectors or the Coast Guard and anyone violating this section shall be liable to a penalty of $100 for each offense.

Freedom of seaman unimpaired

46 U.S.C. 672(k)

Nothing in this section shall be construed to impose, sanction, or permit any condition of involuntary servitude nor to prevent any seaman from leaving the service of any vessel when in a safe harbor to the same extent and with like effect as under the provisions of existing law.

EXCEPTIONS TO SECTION 672; UNRIGGED VESSELS, TUGS, AND TOWBOATS

46 U.S.C. 672b

The provisions of section 672 of this title, requiring the manning of certain merchant vessels by persons holding certificates of service or efficiency issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation or the Coast Guard shall not apply as to unrigged vessels, except seagoing barges, and that, insofar as said provisions apply to tugs and towboats, the said provisions are hereby modified as follows:

(a) Able seamen shall not be required in the deck crew of tugs and towboats on the bays and sounds connected directly with the seas, and every person may be rated an able seaman for the purpose of serving on tugs and towboats on the seas who is nineteen years of age and upwards and who has had at least eighteen months of service on deck at sea or on the Great Lakes or on the bays and sounds connected directly with the seas; and

(b) Service and rating at least equal to that of coal passer or wiper in the engine department of tugs and towboats operating on the seas or Great Lakes or on the bays and sounds connected directly with the seas shall be considered as meeting the requirement of subsection (e) of section 672 of this title which requires that an applicant for rating under that subsection shall produce to the Coast Guard definite proof of at least six months' service at sea in a rating at least equal to that of coal passer or wiper in the engine department of vessels required by said section to have such certificated

men.

Nothing in this section shall restrict or modify any of the other provisions of section 672 of this title which must be complied with before the certificates therein authorized can be granted.

Definitions

46 U.S.C. 672c

When used in sections 643a, 660b, and 672b of this title

(1) The term "unrigged vessel" means any vessel that is not self-propelled;

(2) The term "seagoing barge" means any barge which from its design and construction may be reasonably expected to encounter and ride out the ordinary perils of the seas and which in fact in the usual course of its operations passes outside the line dividing inland waters from the high seas, as defined in section 151 of title 33. Misuse of Federal certificate, license, or document

18 U.S.C. 2197

Whoever, not being lawfully entitled thereto, uses, exhibits, or attempts to use or exhibit, or with intent unlawfully to use the same, receives or possesses any certificate, license, or document issued to vessels, or officers or seamen by any officer or employee of the United States authorized by law to issue the same; or

Whoever, without authority, alters or attempts to alter any such certificate, license, or document by addition, interpolation, deletion,

or erasure; or

Whoever forges, counterfeits, or steals, or attempts to forge, counterfeit, or steal, any such certificate, license, or document; or unlawfully possesses or knowingly uses any such altered, changed, forged, counterfeit, or stolen certificate, license, or document; or Whoever, without authority, prints or manufactures any blank form of such certificate, license, or document, or

Whoever possesses without lawful excuse, and with intent unlawfully to use the same, any blank form of such certificate, license, or document; or

Whoever, in any manner, transfers, or negotiates such transfer of, any blank form of such certificate, license, or document, or any such altered, forged, counterfeit, or stolen certificate, license, or document, or any such certificate, license or document to which the party transferring or receiving the same is not lawfully entitled— Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Requirements as to watches; duties of seamen; hours of work; penalty; right of seamen to discharge; effective date

46 U.S.C. 673

In all merchant vessels of the United States of more than one hundred tons gross, excepting those navigating rivers, harbors, lakes (other than Great Lakes), bays, sounds, bayous, and canals, exclusively, the licensed officers and sailors, coal passers, firemen, oilers, and water tenders shall, while at sea, be divided into at least three watches, which shall be kept on duty successively for the performance of ordinary work incident to the sailing and management of the vessel: Provided, That in the case of radiotelegraph operators this requirement shall be applicable only when three or more radio officers are employed. No licensed officer or seaman in the deck or engine department of any tug documented under the laws of the United States (except boats or vessels used exclusively for fishing purposes) navigating the Great Lakes, harbors of the Great Lakes, and connecting and tributary waters between Gary, Indiana; Duluth, Minnesota; Niagara Falls, New York; and Ogdensburg, New York, shall be required or permitted to work more than eight hours in one day except in case of extraordinary emergency affecting the safety of the vessel and/or life or property. The seamen shall not be shipped to work alternately in the fireroom and on deck, nor shall those shipped for deck duty be required to work in the fireroom, or vice versa; nor shall any licensed officer or seaman in the deck or engine department be required to work more than eight hours in one day; but these provisions shall not limit either the authority of the master or other officer or the obedience of the seamen when in the judgment of the master or other officer the whole or any part of the crew are needed for maneuvering, shifting berth, mooring, or unmooring the vessel, or the performance of work necessary for the safety of the vessel, her passengers, crew, and

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