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2. National laws or regulations shall—

(a) prescribe a minimum age to have been attained by and a minimum period of professional experience to have been completed by candidates for each grade of competency certificate;

(b) provide for the organization and supervision by the competent authority of one or more examinations for the purpose of testing whether candidates for competency certificates possess the qualifications necessary for performing the duties corresponding to the certificates for which they are candidates.

3. Any Member of the Organization may, during a period of three years from the date of its ratification, issue competency certificates to persons who have not passed the examinations organized in virtue of paragraph 2 (b) of this Article who

(a) have in fact had sufficient practical experience of the duties corresponding to the certificate in question; and

them.

(b) have no record of any serious technical error against

ARTICLE 5

1. Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall ensure its due enforcement by an efficient system of inspection.

2. National laws or regulations shall provide for the cases in which the authorities of a Member may detain vessels registered in its territory on account of a breach of the provisions of this Convention.

3. Where the authorities of a Member which has ratified this Convention find a breach of its provisions on a vessel registered in the territory of another Member which has also ratified the Convention, the said authorities shall communicate with the consul of the Member in the territory of which the vessel is registered.

ARTICLE 6

1. National laws or regulations shall prescribe penalties or disciplinary measures for cases in which the provisions of this Convention are not respected.

2. In particular, such penalties or disciplinary measures shall be prescribed for cases in which-

(a) a shipowner, shipowner's agent, master or skipper has engaged a person not certificated as required by this Convention;

(b) a master or skipper has allowed any of the duties defined in Article 2 of this Convention to be performed by a person not holding the corresponding or a superior certificate;

(c) a person has obtained by fraud or forged documents an engagement to perform any of the duties defined in the said Article 2 without holding the requisite certificate.

ARTICLE 7

1. In respect of the territories referred to in Article 35 of the constitution of the International Labor Organization, each Member of the organization which ratifies this Convention shall append to its ratification a declaration stating;

(a) the territories in respect of which it undertakes to apply the provisions of the Convention without modification;

(b) the territories in respect of which it undertakes to apply the provisions of the convention subject to modifications, together with details of the said modifications;

(c) the territories in respect of which the Convention is inapplicable and in such cases the grounds on which it is inapplicable;

(d) the territories in respect of which it reserves its decision. 2. The undertakings referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 of this article shall be deemed to be an integral part of the ratification and shall have the force of ratification.

3. Any member may by a subsequent declaration cancel in whole or in part any reservations made in its original declaration in virtue. of subparagraphs (b), (c), or (d) of paragraph 1 of this article.

ARTICLE 8

The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the League of Nations for registration.

ARTICLE 9

1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those members of the International Labor Organization whose ratifications have been registered with the Secretary General.

2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the ratifications of two members have been registered with the Secretary General.

3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any member twelve months after the date on which its ratification has been registered.

ARTICLE 10

As soon as the ratifications of two members of the International Labor Organization have been registered, the Secretary General of the League of Nations shall so notify all the members of the Internotional Labor Organization. He shall likewise notify them of the registration of ratifications which may be communicated subsequently by other members of the Organization.

ARTICLE 11

1. A member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Secretary General of the League of Nations for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.

2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this article, will be bound for an

other period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this article.

ARTICLE 12

At the expiration of each period of ten years after the coming into force of this Convention, the Governing Body of the International Labor Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall consider the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part.

ARTICLE 13

1. Should the Conference adopt a new convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides,

(a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 11 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;

(b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.

2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention.

ARTICLE 14

The French and English texts of this Convention shall both be authentic.

RESERVATIONS BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

The above Convention was ratified on the part of the United States, subject to the following reservations:

"That the United States Government understands and construes the words 'vessels registered in a territory' appearing in this Convention to include all vessels of the United States as defined under the laws of the United States.

"That the United States Government understands and construes the words 'maritime navigation' appearing in this Convention to mean navigation on the high seas only.

"Nothing in this Convention shall be so construed as to prevent the authorities of the United States from making such inspection of any vessel referred to in article V, paragraph 3, within the jurisdiction of the United States, as may be necessary to determine that there has been a compliance with the terms of this Convention, or to prevent such authorities from withholding clearance to any such vessel which they find has not complied with the provisions of

the Convention until such time as any such deficiency shall be corrected.

"That the provisions of this Convention shall apply to all territory over which the United States exercises jurisdiction except the Panama Canal Zone, with respect to which this Government reserves its decision."

RATIFICATION OF TREATY

NOTE. The ratification of this treaty by the United States was deposited on October 29, 1938, and became effective on October 29, 1939. The following Act of July 17, 1939, represents the enabling legislation passed by Congress to make effective the provisions of this treaty.

OFFICERS' COMPETENCY CERTIFICATES
CONVENTION, 1936. [ENABLING ACT.]

46 U.S.C. 224a (R.S. 4438a)

(1) That the Officers' Competency Certificates Convention, 1936 (International Labor Organization Draft Convention Numbered 53, "concerning the minimum requirement of professional capacity for masters and officers on board merchant ships"), as ratified by the President on September 1, 1938, with understandings appended, and this section shall apply to all vessels, however propelled, navigating on the high seas, which are registered, enrolled and licensed, or licensed under the laws of the United States, whether permanently, temporarily, or provisionally, including yachts enrolled and licensed, or licensed, with the exception of

(a) ships of war;

(b) Government vessels, or vessels in the service of a public authority, which are not engaged in trade;

(c) wooden ships of primitive build, such as dhows and junks; (d) unrigged vessels;

(e) all vessels of less than two hundred gross tons.

(2) All laws in effect on the effective date of this section covering the issuance, duration, renewal, suspension, and revocation of licenses of masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers be, and they are hereby, made applicable to the issuance, duration, renewal, suspension, or revocation of licenses of masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers of all vessels to which the Officers' Competency Certificates Convention, 1936, and this section apply, to such extent and upon such conditions as may be required by the regulations of the Commandant of the Coast Guard: Provided, That examinations for licenses of masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers of fishing vessels, not subject to the inspection laws of the United States, shall be oral: Provided further, That applicants for licenses as masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers of fishing vessels not subject to the inspection laws of the United States shall not be required to obtain a certificate from the United States Public Health Service based upon the subject of ship sanitation, and first aid.

(3) Any license issued (whether before, or on, or after, the effective date of this section) to a master, mate, chief engineer, or assistant engineer of a vessel to which this section applies shall be deemed to be a certificate of competency for a master or skipper, navigating officer in charge of a watch, chief engineer, or engineer in charge of a watch, respectively.

(4) No person shall be engaged to perform, or shall perform on board any vessel to which this section applies, the duties of master, mate, chief engineer, or assistant engineer unless he holds a license to perform such duties, issued in accordance with the provisions of subsection 2 of this section: Provided, That a license as master, mate, chief engineer, or assistant engineer of vessels subject to this section may be issued without examination at any time prior to October 29, 1941, to any applicant who has had sufficient practical

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