of school facilities on Federal bases where no local educational agency can accept responsibility for providing facilities for the education of pupils residing on these bases. Another section of the law provides for the construction of temporary school facilities for children whose attendance in the schools of the districts will be of short duration. Under both of these provisions, Federal funds are used to pay the full cost of construction.

A summary of Federal funds reserved for construction projects on Federal properties and for temporary facilities in certain school districts from July 1951 to October 2, 1959, is given in column 2 of table 38. As indicated in column 3 of the table, funds were reserved for a total of 274 projects.

Table 36.-FEDERAL FUNDS DISBURSED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN FEDERALLY AFFECTED SCHOOL DISTRICTS, TEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN CERTAIN SCHOOL DISTRICTS, AND SCHOOL FACILITIES ON FEDERAL PROPERTIES: 1950-51 TO 1958-59

reserved

Comprehensive information concerning Federal funds and disbursed for building projects is reported in tables 36, 37, and 38. Information about funds reserved and about funds disbursed is essential in view of the length of time required to meet the Federal obligations on the projects. After a construction project is approved and the funds reserved, payments are made as the construction progresses. Reports on progress which permit partial Federal payments are made by the engineering staff of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. This gradual release of Federal funds as the construction progresses explains why the disbursements are less than the amounts reserved.

Table 37.-FEDERAL FUNDS RESERVED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN FEDERALLY AFFECTED SCHOOL DISTRICTS AS OF OCTOBER 2, 1959, AND FUNDS DISBURSED: 1950-51 TO 1958-59

Table 38.-FEDERAL FUNDS RESERVED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPO. RARY BUILDINGS IN CERTAIN SCHOOL DISTRICTS, AND SCHOOL FACILITIES ON FEDERAL PROPERTIES: 1950-51 TO OCTOBER 2, 1959

Federal funds for distribution to the States for vocational education of less-than-college grade were authorized in 1917 when the SmithHughes Act was approved. Additional funds were authorized for appropriation by other related acts in 1929, 1934, 1936, and 1946. Also, by acts approved in 1924 and in 1931 the benefits of the SmithHughes Act were extended to Hawaii and Puerto Rico, respectively. The George-Barden Act of 1946 replaced the George-Deen Act of 1936 and provided for the further development of vocational education and authorized increased annual appropriations. Later, Public Law 463, Eighty-first Congress, and Public Law 896, Eighty-fourth Congress, extended the benefits of the George-Barden Act to the Virgin Islands and Guam, respectively. The Eighty-fourth Congress also enacted Public Law 911 providing for the extension and improvement of practical nurse training, and Public Law 1027 providing for vocational education in the fishery trades and distributive occupations. Then, in 1958, Public Law 864 known as the "National Defense Education Act of 1958" was enacted by the Eighty-fifth Congress. Title VIII of this act amended the George-Barden Act by adding provisions for Area Vocational Education Programs of less-thancollege grade to train highly skilled technicians in fields necessary for the national defense. Other programs provided under the National

Defense Education Act are described earlier in this chapter under "National Defense Education Programs."

Smith-Hughes Act.-Federal cooperation with the States in the promotion of vocational education in agriculture, trades and industries, home economics, and the preparation of teachers of these vocational subjects, was provided in this original legislation. It authorizes allotments to the States in the proportions which certain segments of the State population bear to the corresponding segments of the population of the United States, not including the outlying parts. These appropriations include $3 million for salaries of teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural subjects, allotted to the States in the proportion which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural population of the United States; $3 million for salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and industrial subjects, allotted to the States in the proportion which the urban population of each State bears to the total urban population of the United States; and $1 million for training teachers of vocational subjects, allotted to the States in the proportion which the total population of each State bears to the total population of the United States. The act also provides a minimum allotment of $10,000 annually to each State for each of the three purposes, and appropriates additional sums of $28,500, $50,000, and $105,200, respectively, or as much thereof as may be needed, to guarantee the minimums. An additional amount of $30,000 has also been authorized for Puerto Rico by a separate act.

Participation in the benefits of the Smith-Hughes Act requires a State or Territory to accept, by an act of its legislature, the provisions of the act; to appoint the State treasurer as custodian of the Federal appropriations; and to designate or create a State board for vocational education of at least three members. The State board is required to prepare plans for vocational education to be submitted to the Office of Education showing how the Federal, State, and local funds for this program will be expended in the State. The State board is also required to prepare and submit an annual report showing how funds were used and what work was accomplished. For this report Federal grants to States and Territories for vocational education have been grouped and reported under the Smith-Hughes, George-Barden, and acts supplementary to both. All States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Guam are now operating programs in vocational education.

George-Barden Act.-Vocational education has been developed further in the several States and Territories through annual appropriations authorized by the George-Barden Act and through additional enactments of Congress. The act has been further amended by the additions of title II providing for the extension and improvement of

the Practical Nurse Training Program and title III providing for the Area Vocational Education Program for training highly skilled technicians necessary for national defense. The latter addition was contained in title VIII of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Funds are made available for administration, supervision, teacher training, vocational instruction and guidance, establishing programs for apprentices, and for the purchase or rental of equipment and the purchase of supplies for vocational instruction.

The George-Barden Act authorizes maximum amounts which may be appropriated and allotted to the States and Territories for each field of vocational education. These amounts include: (1) $10 million for vocational agriculture to be allotted to States on the basis of the ratio between their farm population and the total farm population of the United States; (2) $8 million for home economics to be allotted on the basis of rural population; (3) $8 million for trade and industrial education to be allotted on the basis of nonfarm population; (4) $2.5 million for vocational education in distributive occupations to be allotted on the basis of total population; and (5) $375,000 for vocational education in the fishery trades and distributive occupations to be allotted on the basis of the extent of the fishery industries in the respective States. Title I of this act also provides that no State or Territory shall receive less than $40,000 per year for the first three fields of vocational education, nor less than $15,000 for the fourth field. A minimum is not provided for the fifth category.

An appropriation of $5 million per year for a period of 5 years ending June 30, 1961, is authorized by Public Law 911, of the Eightyfourth Congress, which added title II to the George-Barden Act. This appropriation is for the extension and improvement of practical nurse training of less-than-college grade and for similar training in other health occupations.

Annual appropriations of $40,000 and $80,000 are authorized by acts supplementary to the George-Barden Act for the Virgin Islands and Guam, respectively. Public Law 864, of the Eighty-fifth Conggress, added title III to the George-Barden Act and authorizes $15 million for training highly skilled technicians in occupations necessary for the national defense.

Allotments under all vocational education acts.-Expenditures of Federal appropriations for vocational education are designed to encourage and promote instruction in this field. The Federal vocational education acts require dollar-for-dollar matching of Federal funds with State or local funds. More than $186 million of State and local funds were expended for these programs during the 1958-59 school year. This would make a total expenditure of over $231 million for the vocational education programs in the 1958-59 school