the cost of such testing is paid from the State's allotment. Under this responsibility, the U.S. Office of Education arranged for testing in nonpublic secondary schools in 22 States during the 1958-59 school year and in 38 States during 1959-60. During the 1958-59 school year 2,117,496 tests were administered and a total of $6,238,538 was paid to 47 States and Territories. As indicated in table 20, $15 million was allotted for this program during the 1959-60 school year. Column 9 of summary table 3 shows the 1958-59 State-by-State totals for titles V-A and V-B of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. IMPROVEMENT OF STATISTICAL SERVICES OF STATE EDUCATIONAL This program, authorized in title X of the National Defense Educacation Act, permits Federal grants to State departments of education for the purpose of assisting States to improve (1) the adequacy and reliability of educational statistics provided by State and local reports and records, and (2) the methods and techniques for collecting and processing educational data and disseminating information about the condition and progress of education in the States. Grants are authorized for any State for half the cost of its programs for improving educational statistics, provided that no State may be paid more than $50,000 for any school year. Payments are made only to the extent that these programs are new or represent expansions or additions to existing programs; and only when a State plan, which outlines the purposes for which the funds are to be used, has been approved by the U.S. Commissioner of Education. As the importance and complexity of the tasks facing American education have become increasingly apparent, the urgency of the need for complete, accurate, and timely information to show the condition and progress of education throughout the Nation has increased correspondingly. State programs to improve statistical and informational services about education will help meet this need. Participating State educational agencies are required to submit a plan which sets forth proposed programs which may include: (1) Improving the collection, analysis, and reporting of statistical data supplied by local educational units; (2) development of accounting and reporting manuals to serve as guides to local educational units; (3) conducting conferences and training sessions for personnel of local educational units; (4) periodic reviews and evaluation of the programs for records and reports; (5) improving methods for obtaining educational data not usually collected by the State department of education; and (6) expediting the processing and reporting of statistical data through installation and operation of mechanical equipment. In addition, the State must provide necessary fiscal controls and account ing procedures and make such reports as are necessary for the U.S. Commissioner of Education to carry out his duties under this program. Major responsibilities of the U.S. Office of Education are: (1) Development and issuance of required regulations, procedures, and application forms for use by State educational agencies; (2) consultation and assistance to States in the development and operation of State plans; (3) review and approval of State plans; and (4) evaluation of State operations and the preparation of program reports. Table 21.-FEDERAL FUNDS REQUESTED AND APPROVED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF STATISTICAL SERVICES OF STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES: 1959-60 AND 1960-61 Federal funds requested and approved during the 1958-59 school year are listed in column 11 of summary table 3. Comparable information for the 1959-60 and 1960-61 school years is given in table 21. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT The Language Development Program, authorized by title VI of the National Defense Education Act, is designed to strengthen instruction in foreign languages, to seek more effective methods of teaching such languages, to develop specialized instructional materials, and to provide advanced training in modern foreign language and in related fields to individuals available for teaching the languages. This program includes: (1) Language institutes for elementary and secondary school teachers of the commonly taught languages; (2) language and area centers for instruction in foreign language and cultural subjects to expand higher education instructional facilities in the uncommonly taught languages; (3) modern foreign language fellowships for study of the uncommonly taught languages; and (4) language research and studies in both the commonly taught and uncommonly taught languages as described below. Language institutes.-The Office of Education arranged contracts for 12 colleges and universities to conduct short-term institutes during the summer of 1959 and for 4 colleges and universities to conduct regular-session institutes during 1959-60. As indicated in table 22, a total of 920 elementary and secondary school teachers of French, German, Russian, and Spanish attended the short-term summer institutes, and 82 teachers of French, Russian, and Spanish attended regular session institutes. Russian was included because of the evident interest of high schools to provide instruction in the language and because of the demand for teachers with proficiency in Russian. Table 22.-TEACHER ENROLLMENT IN NATIONAL DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTES: 1959-60 Colleges and universities which received contracts for institutes were selected from over 200 institutions of higher education in 49 States which had expressed an interest in conducting institutes. Participating colleges and universities and amounts for the Federal contracts are shown in table 23. Over 4,000 language teachers applied for participation in the 12 summer institutes. The 1958-59 appropriation for the institutes program was $1,594,000. Operating costs of the institutes are paid from Federal funds. Also public-school teachers attending the institutes receive stipends of $75 a week and an allowance of $15 for each dependent. Private school teachers do not receive stipends. Table 23.-FEDERAL FUNDS CONTRACTED FOR OPERATING COSTS OF NATIONAL DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTES: 1959-60 Instruction at the institutes includes demonstrations of teaching techniques and explanations of the use of instructional materials and equipment for language courses. Emphasis is given to the fluent oral use of the language which participants teach in the classroom. Centers for foreign language and cultural subjects.-An appropriation of $500,000 was made in 1958-59 for the support of centers for foreign language and cultural subjects. Funds are to be matched with other operating revenue and used for the strengthening of instruction in these language and foreign cultural studies and in related languages which the U.S. Commissioner of Education had designated for secondary emphasis. Federal funds allotted to the centers, through contracts with institutions of higher education, are for the employment of new faculty, travel of staff to foreign areas, travel of foreign scholars to the centers, and library acquisitions. Table 24 indicates the institutions where the centers are located, languages taught, and the Federal funds expended during 1959-60. Table 24.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED FOR LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION AT VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS: 1959-60 Total.. Name of institution University of California (Berkeley) Harvard University (Mass.). University of Michigan.. Stanford University (Calif.). Modern foreign language fellowships.-Title VI of the National Defense Education Act also authorizes the U.S. Commissioner of Education "to pay stipends to individuals undergoing advanced training in modern foreign languages," where the individuals are studying languages needed by the Federal Government or by business, industry, or education in the United States. Allowances are also authorized for travel to and from the institution of higher education and for the support of dependents. Applications for fellowships are made directly to the institutions and the selection of recipients is based on recommendations submitted by the institutions. To qualify for a fellowship, the student must be registered for graduate work and give reasonable assurance that he will be available to teach the language he has selected. Table 25 indicates the number of fellowships awarded by institutions, the languages to be studied, and the Federal funds expended in 1959-60. The average stipend including travel and dependency allowances was $3,500. For 1958-59, the appropriation for this part of the language development program was $416,000 and for 1959-60 it was $499,877. Language research and studies. Also appropriated during 1958-59 was $2.5 million for language research and studies. Of this amount, $2,415,750 was obligated for 6 studies and surveys, 6 research projects on more effective methods of teaching, and 8 projects on the develop |