State on the basis of their requests for funds. The law provides that an institution may not receive more than $250,000.

Table 16 reports estimated allotments to all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico during 1959-60. Actual loans during 1958-59 are reported in summary table 8. Participating institutions have indicated that of the 25,364 student borrowers, 11,689 were prospective teachers receiving loans under provisions for "students with a superior background who express a desire to teach in elementary or secondary schools," and 5,056 were "students whose academic background indicates a superior capacity for preparation in science, mathematics, engineering, or a modern foreign language."

Table 16.-FEDERAL FUNDS OBLIGATED FOR THE STUDENT LOAN
PROGRAM: 1959-60

COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE TRAINING INSTITUTES

Under title V-b of the National Defense Education Act, provision is made for assuring the more effective utilization of talent possessed by the youth of the Nation. Achievement of this purpose depends upon contracts with institutions of higher education for the operation of institutes to improve the qualifications of personnel engaged in counseling and guidance of students in secondary schools. The U.S. Commissioner of Education, assisted by a panel of experts, employs the following criteria to determine an institute's location: (1) The extent to which the institute will serve the identified needs of specific geographical areas, (2) the qualifications of the faculty and of the physical facilities available, and (3) the ability of the institution to maintain regular graduate programs of counselor preparation.

The Counseling and Guidance Training Institutes Program is not intended as a general aid to counselor education but rather as a specialized contribution to the professional preparation of secondary school counseling and guidance personnel. Attention is focused upon the identification, counseling, and guidance of able high school students. In this connection, the institutes provide only a part of the professional preparation needed for counseling and guidance. Specific objectives vary from institute to institute, and are adapted to the special effort of the participating college or university to identify and meet the particular needs of the area being served.

Stipends of $75 a week plus an allowance of $15 a week for each dependent are authorized for institute enrollees from public secondary schools. Private school enrollees attend the institutes without charge but do not receive stipends. About two-thirds of the cost of the program is expended on stipends and one-third on operation costs of the institutes.

Approximately 20,000 applications were received for the 1959 summer institutes from which 2,210 enrollees were selected representing all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The 50 institutes were staffed by 250 teachers of whom 200 were full-time. All colleges and universities granted credit to the participants in the institutes in accordance with policies on credit adopted at each institution.

Table 17 indicates the Federal funds obligated for the counseling and guidance institute program in the 1959-60 school year. Figures Table 17.-FEDERAL FUNDS OBLIGATED FOR COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE TRAINING INSTITUTES: 1959-60

for 1958-59 are included in column 9 of summary table 3, along with amounts for counseling and guidance provided in title V-a of the National Defense Education Act.

FELLOWSHIPS TO PREPARE COLLEGE TEACHERS

Congress enacted the Graduate Fellowship Program, title IV of the National Defense Education Act, to encourage students to prepare for college teaching. Under this title, fellowships are awarded for the graduate training of college teachers. Awards are made to strengthen teacher-training programs, to increase the facilities available in the Nation for such training, and to promote a wide geographical representation of participating institutions.

The act requires that an approved program for training college teachers shall be either new or expanded. Approvals are based upon four major criteria recommended to the U.S. Commissioner of Education by a 12-member advisory committee drawn from all regions of the country and having intimate knowledge of the needs of graduate schools. These criteria are as follows: (1) The ability of the applying institution to offer the program in terms of faculty and library facilities; (2) the amount and extent of the applying institution's previous planning and development in the field proposed in the program; (3) the national need for instruction in the proposed field on the college or university level; and (4) the likelihood that the applying institution would be able to support the proposed program on a long-term basis. Of the 272 approved training programs, approximately one-third were new and two-thirds were expanded. These programs were selected from among 1,040 that were proposed by 169 colleges and universities that had requested almost 6,000 fellowships for the first year. The act authorizes the award of 5, 500 graduate fellowships over a 4-year period with 1,000 being awarded in the first year of operation and 1,500 awarded each of the 3 succeeding years.

Nominations for fellowships are submitted to the U.S. Commissioner of Education by the participating graduate schools. Preference is given to students interested in teaching in an institution of higher education. For the first year of the program, it was stipulated that the fellow must be a doctoral candidate and may have completed no more than one-half year of graduate work in the field in which he was awarded the fellowship.

Each fellow receives a stipend of $2,000 for the first year, $2,200 for the second year, and $2,400 for the third year, plus an allowance of $400 each year for each dependent. The institution receives up to $2,500 for each fellow.

Table 18 indicates the fields of study, number of approved programs, and number of fellowships awarded. All of the awards are for 3 years

of study. Since the awards were made, a total of 74 students have resigned their fellowships, leaving a total of 926 fellows now studying.

Table 18.-NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS, APPROVED PROGRAMS, AND FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED, BY FIELDS OF STUDY IN THE GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM: 1958-59 AND 1959-60

Data for the 1958-59 school year are reported in column 10 of summary table 3. Federal funds obligated during the 1959-60 school

year are given in table 19.

Table 19.-FEDERAL FUNDS OBLIGATED FOR FELLOWSHIPS TO PREPARE COLLEGE TEACHERS: 1959-60

GUIDANCE, COUNSELING, AND TESTING

Title V-A of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 provides for financial assistance to the States to establish and maintain the following: (1) A program for testing students in secondary schools to identify students with outstanding aptitudes and abilities; and (2) a program of guidance and counseling in the public secondary schools

to advise students of courses best suited to their abilities, aptitudes, and skills and to encourage such students to complete their secondary school education, take the necessary courses for admission to college, and to enter college. Allocations are based on the school-age population in each State.

In order to receive Federal assistance, each State must submit for approval by the U.S. Commissioner of Education a State plan which outlines the State's programs of guidance, counseling, and testing. During the 1958-59 school year, State plans were approved for all 50 States although many were in operation for only a short time during that school year. Primary accomplishments reported under this program include: (1) Workshops and conferences to improvec ounseling services to local schools; (2) financial support for newly organized local guidance programs; (3) follow-up studies of graduates and of "dropouts"; and (4) development of materials and techniques for interpretation and use of test results.

Table 20.-FEDERAL FUNDS OBLIGATED FOR STATE PROGRAMS IN GUIDANCE, COUNSELING, AND TESTING: 1959-60

States were not required to match Federal appropriations during the first year of the programs; but in subsequent years dollar-fordollar matching is required. Matching funds may be provided either separately or jointly by State or local educational agencies. Where a State educational agency is not legally authorized to make payments to cover the cost of testing students in secondary schools, the U.S. Commissioner of Education may arrange for testing. Half