chapter 35. Counseling interviews with regard to problems of personal adjustment, which became evident in the course of counseling or after the beneficiary had entered training, totaled 14,700 in 1958-59. The total number of persons provided counseling during 1958-59 was 56,300 as compared with 63,800 in 1957-58. Expenditures for counseling services related only to training and education cannot be identified separately and are not included in this report.

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES AND NUMBER IN TRAINING

Programs for veterans administered by the Veterans Administration and relating to vocational rehabilitation, education and training, war orphans' educational assistance, and counseling and guidance have been discussed at some length in the preceding paragraphs. In this section of the report will be found information relating to the number and kind of educational facilities and the number of beneficiaries by type or level of training.

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Vocational rehabilitation and educational services for veterans and war orphans are administered by the Veterans Administration, but the Federal office does not actually provide any schooling or vocational training. These services are provided by approved educational institutions and on-the-job training establishments which offer suitable courses. The States have the responsibility for approving or rejecting courses given within their borders, and the U.S. Office of Education is required to assist with this approving program. According to provisions of the law, the U.S. Commissioner of Education “. shall publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies and associations which he determined to be reliable authority as to the quality of training offered by an educational institution. . . .” This plan was approved by Congress and gives greater assurance that courses taken will meet high standards.

Extensiveness of participation in providing educational service is demonstrated by the large number of educational institutions and training establishments which have provided training services. During the 1958-59 school year, training under all laws administered by the Veterans Administration was conducted in approximately 9,400 educational institutions, including those of college level and belowcollege level, and in approximately 15,000 on-the-job training establishments.

Programs available to veterans have included correspondence courses, and a considerable number extended their education through this plan. Under U.S.C., title 38, chapter 31, for World War II veterans, the Veterans Administration entered into contracts with 20

correspondence schools located in 6 colleges and universities and 14 other schools offering trade, industrial, and business training. Similar arrangements were made with 55 colleges and universities and 54 trade, industrial, and business schools to provide courses of instruction to veterans of the Korean conflict. There is no provision for correspondence study for war orphans.

The Veterans Administration does not arrange contracts with the educational institutions for Korean and war orphan trainees. Educational arrangements had previously taken the form of contracts between the educational agencies and the Veterans Administration to pay tuition fees and other charges. Under the legislation providing education for veterans of the Korean conflict, the contractual plan is used only for disabled veterans.

Educational courses in which veterans and orphans may enroll and for which assistance may be provided require the approval of an approving agency designated by each State. Where the State declines to establish or designate an appropriate agency, the Veterans Administration is empowered to exercise that function. In four States the Administrator of the Veterans Administration, through a VA regional office, performs the functions of a State-approving agency wholly or in part.

Courses offered by agencies of the Federal Government, by privately-owned industrial establishments which are national in scope and by foreign institutions are approved by the Veterans Administration. As of the close of the 1958-59 school year, courses of training offered by 14 Federal agencies were approved for training as well as 18 schools for Indians operated by the Department of the Interior. Approvals have also been granted for the training programs of 80 private industrial corporations which are national in scope. This covered approximately 1,200 separate courses in apprentice or other job training in the steel, automobile, railroad, chainstore, telephone, electrical equipment, farm machinery, and photographic equipment industries.

Federal departments and agencies offering courses in apprentice and other job training which have received approval include the Air Force, Army, Navy, Treasury, Agriculture, Tennessee Valley Authority, and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The veterans enrolled in approved courses of training in the various installations are under the jurisdiction of the regional office in the area in which the training is being provided.

NUMBER IN TRAINING

The number of veterans and orphans enrolled and participating in the educational programs of the Veterans Administration and sum

marized in tables 133, 135, and 136 of this chapter are reported in greater detail in the annual reports of the Administrator of Veterans Affairs. These reports show the extent to which beneficiaries have accepted training opportunities and also indicate the types of training secured.

By June 30, 1959, a total of 614,300 World War II veterans had entered training under U.S.C., title 38, chapter 31, for vocational rehabilitation of which 1,300 still remained in training. The terminal date for this program was July 25, 1960.

Table 136.-NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES ENROLLED IN VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AS OF NOVEMBER 30 OF EACH SCHOOL YEAR: 1 1950-51 TO 1959-60

Similarly, only a very few World War II veterans remain in training under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. These are veterans who enlisted or re-enlisted in the regular Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard during the period from October 6, 1945, to October 5, 1946. However, since this act was passed in 1944, more than 7.8 million veterans received educational benefits. These figures indicate that more than half of the veterans of World War II availed themselves of training benefits under U.S.C., title 38, section 12a.

As the veterans' educational programs for World War II veterans approached the end, beneficiaries participating under U.S.C., title 38, chapter 31 and U.S.C., title 38, chapter 33, which extended similar benefits to the veterans for the period of the Korean conflict, increased in number. Also, educational assistance became available in the 1956-57 school year under the War Orphans' Educational Assistance Act of 1956.

Tables 133 and 135 have indicated the average number of veterans or beneficiaries in training for each academic year from 1949-50 to 1958-59. However, a somewhat broader picture of veterans partic

ipation is evident in table 136. This table shows the enrollment trends for all beneficiaries in VA programs and depicts the participation in the different types of training from 1950-51 to 1959–60. According to the figures, the most popular kind of training was that offered in colleges and universities. Other types of training, in the order in which they were taken by veterans, were training belowcollege grade, on-the-farm training, and on-the-job training.

The extent to which veterans have enrolled in correspondence courses is not revealed in table 136. According to the Veterans Administration, 22 percent of the veterans who have trained under U.S.C., title 38, section 12a, and 9 percent who have trained under U.S.C., title 38, chapter 33, in schools below-college grade were enrolled in correspondence courses.

FEDERAL SUPPORT OF EDUCATION: FIELDS, LEVELS, RECIPIENTS, 1959-60

Recent emphasis on improving educational services throughout the Nation has directed attention to particular areas of learning. Concern for the manpower requirements of the Nation has created extensive interest in the various scientific fields and the extent to which the Federal Government is supporting instruction in the sciences including agricultural, biological, clinical, physical, and social; and in other fields of study such as education, engineering, business administration, the arts, foreign languages, law, philosophy, and numerous vocational subjects.

Some of the programs described in this bulletin cannot be classified as to field of study-no specific field is emphasized or all the fields may be served. The School Lunch Program might illustrate the former while School Support in Federally Affected Areas would illustrate the latter where the full range of subjects is supported. The Office of Education is looking forward to the preparation of a further analysis of programs reported in this bulletin with the hope that summaries by fields of study, academic level of participants, and number and kind of recipients may be reported.