National Forests, (3) Revenue from School Lands in National Forests, (4) Revenue from Submarginal Lands, (5) School Lunch and Milk, and (6) State Agricultural Experiment Stations. These programs are described on the succeeding pages of this chapter.

Another educational program, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Graduate School, is recognized for its significant contribution as an educational organization. Established in 1921 and located in Washington, D.C., this school serves about 6,500 part-time students at the graduate and undergraduate levels. This school uses facilities of the Department of Agriculture but otherwise it is almost self-supporting, and does not require the appropriation of any significant amount of Federal money. For this reason, no tabulation is given here concerning expenditures of Federal funds.

COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

In this program, the Federal Extension Service in the Department of Agriculture cooperates with the Land-Grant Colleges and the County governments for the provision of instructional activities for farmers, homemakers, and their young people. It has been an integral part of the Department activities since 1914 when the SmithLever Act became law. Funds for this work, authorized by the act, have been appropriated separately from 1914 to 1953 when Congress amended the act to consolidate it with other acts relating to extension work.

In the provision of these educational services, County Extension Agents, located in nearly all the counties of the United States, make available to farmers, homemakers, and rural youth, the findings of research conducted by the Department of Agriculture at the landgrant colleges and universities and by other research agencies. To some extent, extension work is also available to rural nonfarm families. Funds appropriated for these cooperative extension services are reported in table 61 for the 10-year period from 1950-51 to 1959-60. In addition to the cooperative extension work, the Federal Extension Service allots funds appropriated for educational work in marketing, authorized by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. These funds, except for the portion used for contracts, are allotted to the States on the basis of specific project proposals which must be approved by the Department and must be matched in full by nonFederal funds. The appropriations for 1958-59 and 1959-60 were $1,495,000 each year.

Table 61 reports in column 5 the amounts allotted during the past 10 years under the Agricultural Marketing Act. In addition to the amount shown for 1958-59, $170,000 was provided for Agricultural

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Marketing Act regional contracts in cooperative extension work. Grants to the States and Puerto Rico for all cooperative extension work for 1959-60 are listed in table 62. Similar figures for 1958-59 are shown in column 3 of summary table 4 in chapter 2.

Table 61.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED FOR COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK: 1950-51 TO 1959-60

Amount represents total for authorizations consolidated into the Smith-Lever Act, as amended 1953. Estimated.

Table 62.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED TO THE STATES AND PUERTO RICO FOR COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK:1 1959-60

The States and Puerto Rico reported that matching funds plus other State and local funds allotted for these extension programs amounted to $81 million and $86 million for 1958-59 and 1959-60,

respectively. This indicates that non-Federal funds used by the States amounted to about 62 percent of the total for this program for 1959-60.

REVENUE FROM NATIONAL FORESTS

Revenue from national forests may be used for roads or for schools as determined in the separate States and they represent at least one instance of an earmarked Federal-revenue source. Amounts granted to the States are related to the amounts collected for the preceding year. This revenue is small or nonexistent in some States, but in a few States it is significant and is growing rapidly under the management of the Forest Service. Growth is evident in columns 2 and 3 of table 63.

Table 63.-FEDERAL FUNDS DISBURSED FOR ROADS AND SCHOOLS FROM COLLECTIONS RECEIVED THE PRECEDING SCHOOL YEARS FROM NATIONAL FOREST RENTALS AND DISTRIBUTED FROM 1950-51 TO 1959-60

Distribution of a portion of the revenue from national forests to the States started in 1907 when Congress enacted a law that provided for the payment of 10 percent of all moneys derived from grazing, timber, rentals, and other rights and uses of national forests to the State or Territory in which the land is located. A substitute law enacted in 1908 raised this figure to 25 percent. Funds are to be expended for the benefit of public schools and public roads in the counties in which the national forests are located.

Amounts collected by the Forest Service in 1 school year are paid to the States the following year. In 1958-59 and 1959-60, funds were distributed to the 41 States and Puerto Rico listed in table 64. The Federal offices do not have information regarding the apportionment

of funds between roads and schools made by the various State legislatures. However, there is a prevailing impression that more than half the funds are used for support of the public schools.

Table 64.-FEDERAL FUNDS DISBURSED FOR ROADS AND SCHOOLS FROM COLLECTIONS RECEIVED THE PRECEDING SCHOOL YEARS FROM NATIONAL FOREST RENTALS AND DISTRIBUTED DURING 1958-59 AND 1959-60

Program funds provided to the States in 1958-59 are included in column 4 of summary table 4 along with other amounts reported for the "Revenue from School Lands in National Forests" and "Revenue

from Submarginal Lands" programs. Even though information regarding the exact amounts allotted for schools is not available, it is understood that a substantial portion of the $22,204,787 for 1958-59 was made available for school purposes by the legislatures of the States.

REVENUE FROM SCHOOL LANDS IN NATIONAL FORESTS

The enabling acts for Arizona and New Mexico provide that title to the lands granted for their common schools, if located within national forests, shall not be vested in the States until such lands are restored to the public domain. Therefore, any income form such school lands is received by the Federal Government rather than by these States. As a matter of justice, the acts then provide for the transfer of such receipts to these two States by the following provision:

A sum bearing the same relation to the total yearly income of all national forests within each State as the area of school lands within such forests bears to the total area of the forest is paid to the State for its common schools. Federal funds for schools which have been paid to Arizona and New Mexico from 1950-51 to 1959-60 from the income on school lands located in national forests in these two States are included in column 5 of table 63. This table indicates that the amounts distributed increased from $71,930 in 1950-51 to a peak of $131,588 in 1952-53. Since that time, the annual amounts have been slightly lower. Collections for 1 year are available for distribution to Arizona and New Mexico during the following school year.

REVENUE FROM SUBMARGINAL LANDS

The Secretary of Agriculture, under title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act of July 22, 1937, is authorized to develop and direct a program of land conservation and utilization. Twenty-five percent of the net revenue received from the use of such land is required to be paid to the counties in which such land occurs as soon as practicable after the end of each calendar year. Where the land is situated in more than one county, the amount to be paid is divided equitably among the respective counties. Payments are made on the condition that they are to be used for roads and schools.

Figures listed in table 65 show the amounts distributed to the States in the years indicated. These amounts are collected in the year preceding their distribution. The amounts reported in this table include those portions used for roads as well as schools, since information is not available concerning the exact amount that was allocated for school purposes.