"Good flavor" means that the flavor is fairly typical of freshly extracted grapefruit juice and is free from abnormal flavors and off flavors of any kind. To score in this classification frozen concentrated grapefruit juice shall meet the following requirements for the respective style:

(1) Style I; unsweetened. The ratio of Brix value to acid is not less than 7 to 1 nor more than 16 to 1 and the recoverable oil content is not more than 0.050 ml. per 100 grams.

(2) Style II; sweetened. The ratio of Brix value to acid is not less than 8 to 1 nor more than 13 to 1 and the recoverable oil content is not more than 0.050 ml. per 100 grams.

(c) (SStd.) classification. If the frozen concentrated grapefruit juice fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section a score of 0 to 27 points Frozen concentrated may be given. grapefruit juice that falls into this classification shall not be graded above Substandard regardless of the total score for the product (this is a limiting rule). EXPLANATIONS AND METHODS OF ANALYSES § 52.1230

Definitions of terms as used in these standards, and methods of analyses.

(a) Reconstituted juice. "Reconstituted juice" means the product obtained by mixing thoroughly 3 parts by volume of distilled water and one part by volume of frozen concentrated grapefruit juice.

(b) Reconstitutes properly. “Reconstitutes properly" means that the concentrate goes into solution readily; and that in approximately 250 ml. of the reconstituted juice, after standing four (4) hours at a temperature of not less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit in a clear glass cylinder (approximately 14 inches in diameter), there may be a noticeable separation of suspended matter but any resulting zone of greater clarity shall be definitely turbid and not clear or transparent.

(c) Acid. "Acid" means the percent by weight of total acidity, calculated as anhydrous citric acid. Total acidity is determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator.

(d) Brix value. "Brix value" is the refractomatric sucrose value determined on the thawed concentrate in accordance

1 Source: "Refractometric Determination of Soluble Solids in Citrus Juices," by J. W. Stevens and W. E. Baier, from the Analytical Edition of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. II, p. 447, Aug. 15, 1939.

(e) Recoverable oil. "Recoverable oil" is determined by the following method: (1) Equipment. Oil separatory trap similar to either of those illustrated in Figure 1 or Figure 2.1

Gas burner or hot plate.
Ringstand and clamps.
Rubber tubing.

Three-liter narrow-neck flask.

(2) Procedure. (i) Place exactly 400 grams of the thawed concentrate, mixed with water to approximately two-liters, in a three-liter flask and insert in the separatory trap. Close the stopcock, place distilled water in the graduated tube, run cold water through the condenser from the bottom to top, and bring the solution to a boil. Continue boiling for one hour at the rate of approximately 50 drops per minute.

(ii) By means of the stopcock, lower the oil into the graduated portion of the separatory trap, remove the trap from the flask, allow it to cool, and record the amount of oil recovered.

(iii) The number of milliliters of oil recovered divided by 4 equals the volume

1 Filed as part of original document.

66-008 0-67-14

(2) Fill graduated centrifuge tubes, of a capacity of 50 ml., with the skimmed reconstituted grapefruit juice and place in a suitable centrifuge. Adjust the speed according to diameter, as indicated in Table II, and centrifuge for exactly 10 minutes. As used in this section, "diameter" means the overall distance between the bottoms of opposing centrifuge tubes in operating position. After centrifuging, the milliliter reading at the top of the layer of pulp in the tube is multiplied by 2 to give the percentage of pulp.

LOT INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION

§ 52.1231 Ascertaining the grade of a lot.

The grade of a lot of the processed product covered by these standards is determined by the procedures set forth in the regulations governing inspection and certification of processed fruits and vegetables, processed products thereof, and certain other processed food products (§§ 52.1 to 52.87).

[22 F. R. 3547, May 22, 1957]

I Indicates limiting rule.

Subpart-United States Standards for Grades of Canned Grapefruit and Orange for Salad

SOURCE: 52.1251 to 52.1264 appear at 25 F.R. 457, Jan. 21, 1960, unless otherwise noted. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND GRADES

Canned grapefruit and orange for salad, commonly known as canned citrus salad, is prepared from sound, mature grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and sound, mature oranges of the orange group (Citrus sinensis) which have been properly washed; the segments thereof have been separated; and the core, seeds, and major portions of membrane have been removed. The product is packed with or without the addition of water, juice, nutritive sweetening ingredients, or artificial sweetening ingredients and other ingredients permissible under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; and is sufficiently processed by heat to assure preservation of the product in hermetically sealed containers.

§ 52.1252 Grades of canned grapefruit and orange for salad.

(a) "U.S. Grade A" (or "U.S. Fancy”) is the quality of canned grapefruit and

orange for salad (1) of which the weight of the drained orange fruit is not less than 371⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product; (2) that has a drained weight of not less than 56.25 percent of the capacity of the container; (3) of which not less than 75 percent of the weight of each fruit consists of practically whole segments; (4) that has a good color; (5) that is practically free from defects; (6) that has a good character; (7) that has a good flavor and odor; and (8) that scores not less than 90 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(b) "U.S. Grade B" (or "U.S. Choice") is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad (1) of which the weight of the drained orange fruit is not less than 321⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product; (2) that has a drained weight of not less than 53.12 percent of the capacity of the container; (3) of which not less than 50 percent of the drained weight of each fruit consists of practically whole segments; (4) that has a reasonably good color; (5) that is reasonably free from defects; (6) that has a reasonably good character; (7) that has a fairly good flavor and odor; and (8) that scores not less than 80 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(c) "U.S. Broken" is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad (1) of which the weight of the drained orange fruit is not less than 321⁄2 percent nor more than 60 percent of the drained weight of the product; (2) that has a drained weight of not less than 53.12 percent of the capacity of the container; (3) of which less than 50 percent of the drained weight of either or both fruits consist of practically whole segments; (4) that has a reasonably good color; (5) that is reasonably free from defects; (6) that has a reasonably good character; (7) that has a fairly good. flavor and odor; and (8) that scores not less than 70 points when scored in accordance with the scoring system outlined in this subpart.

(d) "Substandard" is the quality of canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fails to meet the requirements of U.S.Grade B and U.S. Broken.

LIQUID MEDIA AND FILL OF CONTAINER § 52.1253 Recommended designations of liquid media and Brix measurements when packed in sirup.

(a) “Cut-out" requirements for liquid media in canned grapefruit and orange for salad are not incorporated in the grades of the finished product since sirup or any other liquid medium, as such, is not a factor of quality for the purposes of these grades. It is recommended that the product, when packed in sirup, have the following indicated "cut-out" Brix measurement for the respective designa

FACTORS OF QUALITY

§ 52.1255 Ascertaining the grade of a sample unit.

(a) General. In addition to considering other requirements outlined in the standards, the following quality factors are evaluated in ascertaining the grade of a sample unit:

(1) Factors not rated by score points— (i) Percentage of orange fruit. Whenever more than one container of the product is being graded, compliance with this requirement may be based on the average weight of the drained orange fruit provided that the weight of drained orange fruit in no single container is less than 25 percent or more than 75 percent of the drained fruit in such container. It is recommended that the number of

orange units be not less than the number of grapefruit units.

(ii) Flavor and odor- (a) "Good flavor and odor" means that the product has a distinct and normal flavor and odor typical of canned grapefruit and orange and is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

(b) "Fairly good flavor and odor" means that the product may be lacking in good flavor and odor but is free from objectionable flavors and objectionable odors of any kind.

(2) Factors rated by score points. The relative importance of each factor which is scored is expressed numerically on the scale of 100. The maximum number of points that may be given such factors

(a) General. The drained weight of canned grapefruit and orange for salad is determined by emptying the contents of the container upon a U.S. Standard No. 8 circular sieve of proper diameter containing 8 meshes to the inch (0.0937inch, ±3 percent, square openings) so as to distribute the product evenly, inclining the sieve slightly to facilitate drainage, and allowing to drain for two minutes. The drained weight is the weight of the sieve and the fruit less the weight of the dry sieve. The fruit thus drained is referred to in this subpart as "drained fruit" or "drained weight." A sieve 8 inches in diameter is used for the equivalent of No. 3 size cans (404 x 414) and smaller, and a sieve 12 inches in diameter is used for containers larger than the equivalent of the No. 3 size can. "Capacity of the container" means the weight of distilled water at 68 degrees

Fahrenheit which the sealed container will hold.

(b) (A) classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that has a drained weight of not less than 56.25 percent of the capacity of the container may be given a score of 18 to 20 points as indicated in Table I. Whenever more than one container of the product is being graded and the average drained weight of the containers indicates a score in this classification, the score point indicated by such average drained weight is assigned to each container: Except that, if the drained weight of any individual container indicates a score of less than 16 points each container will be assigned the score for its own drained weight.

(c) (1) (B) classification. If the drained weight of the canned grapefruit and orange for salad is less than 56.25 percent, but not less than 53.12 percent of the capacity of the container, a score of 16 or 17 points may be given as indicated in Table I. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, or above U.S. Broken, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

(2) Whenever more than one container of the product is being graded and the average drained weight indicates a score in this classification the score indicated for such average drained weight is assigned to each container: Except that, if the drained weight of any individual container indicates a score of less than 14 points each container will be assigned the score for its own drained weight.

TABLE I-SCORE FOR DRAINED WEIGHTS

(a) General. A "practically whole segment" means (1) any fruit segment that is substantially intact and retains its apparent original conformation, or (2) any portion of a segment that is not less than 75 percent of its apparent original size and is not excessively trimmed.

(b) (A) classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that consists of not less than 75 percent by weight of each drained fruit ingredient in practically whole segments may be given a score of 18 to 20 points.

(c) (B) classification. If less than 75 percent but not less than 50 percent by weight of either or both of the drained fruit ingredients is in practically whole segments a score of 16 or 17 points may be given. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

(d) (Broken) classification. If less than 50 percent by weight of either or both of the drained fruit ingredients is in practically whole segments a score of 0 to 15 points may be given. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Broken, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

§ 52.1259 Color.

(a) (A) classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that has a good color may be given a score of 18 to 20 points. "Good color" means (1), with respect to the grapefruit, a practically uniform, bright, typical color free from any noticeable tinge of amber, and (2), with respect to the orange fruit, a practically uniform, bright, typical orange color.

(b) (B) classification. If the canned grapefruit and orange for salad has a

reasonably good color a score of 16 or 17 points may be given. Canned grapefruit that falls into this classification shall not be graded above U.S. Grade B, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.) "Reasonably good color" means (1), with respect to grapefruit, a fairly bright color which may be variable but is not off color for any reason, and (2), with respect to the orange fruit, at least a fairly bright, typical orange color which may be variable.

(c) (SStd.) classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section may be given a score of 0 to 15 points and shall not be graded above Substandard, regardless of the total score for the product. (This is a limiting rule.)

§ 52.1260 Defects.

(a) General. The factor of defects refers to the degree of freedom from harmless extraneous material, from seeds, from portions of albedo, from portions of tough membrane, from damaged units, and other similar defects.

(1) "Harmless extraneous material” means leaves, portions of leaves, small pieces of peel, and other similar material that is harmless.

(2) "Seed" means any seed or any portion thereof, whether or not fully developed, that measures more than 16 inch in any dimension. A "large seed" is one that measures more than % inch in any dimension.

(3) "Damaged unit" means any grapefruit or orange segment or portion thereof that is damaged by lye peeling, by discoloration, or by similar injury or that is otherwise damaged to such an extent that the appearance or eating quality of the unit is seriously affected.

(b) (A) classification. Canned grapefruit and orange for salad that is practically free from defects may be given a score of 18 to 20 points. "Practically free from defects" means that any defects present do not more than slightly affect the appearance or edibility of the product, and specifically that:

(1) No harmless extraneous material is present;

(2) Not more than 5 percent by weight of the drained fruit may be damaged units, and