EDUCATION. In provinces of the empire containing a population of 20,572,750 inhabitants, there were (as stated in a publication at Vienna, Jan. 1, 1832) 24,931 national schools; 21,801 lay teachers; 10,252 ecclesiastical teachers; and 1,993,552 pupils. EMPEROR AND IMPERIAL FAMILY. FRANCIS (the last Emperor of Germany and the first Emperor of Austria), Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Lombardy, and Venice, and President of the German Confederation; b. at Florence, Feb. 12, 1768; succeeded his father Leopold II., as Emperor of Germany, July 7, 1792; declared himself Hereditary Emperor of Austria, Aug. 11, 1804, and resigned his title of Emperor of Germany, Aug. 6, 1806; m. (I.) Jan. 6, 1788, Elizabeth of Wurtemberg, who died 1790; m. (II.) Aug. 14, 1790, Maria Theresa, daughter of Ferdinand IV. of Sicily, who died April 13, 1807; m. (III.) Jan. 9, 1808, Maria Louisa Beatrix, daughter of the Duke of Modena, who died April 7, 1816; m. (IV.) Nov. 10, 1816, CarOLINE AUGUSTA, daughter of the king of Bavaria, b. Feb. 8, 1792: -Issue by the 2d marriage: 1. MARIA LOUISA, b. Dec. 12, 1791; m. Ap. 2, 1810, to the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte :- - created Duchess of Parma May 30, 1814. 2. FERDINAND, Prince Imperial; b. April 19, 1793; m. Feb. 27, 1831, to Anne daughter of the late King of Sardinia. 3. Maria Clementina, b. March 1, 1798; in. July 28, 1817, Leopold, Prince of Salerno. 4. Carolina Ferdinanda; b. April 8, 1801; m. Oct. 7, 1819, to Frederick Augustus, Prince Regent of Saxony. 5. Francis Charles Joseph, Viceroy of Bohemia; b. Dec. 7, 1802; m. Nov. 4, 1824, Sophia, sister of the king of Bavaria. 6. Maria Anne Frances: b. June 8, 1804. Brothers of the Emperor. 1. Archduke Charles, field-marshal, governor and captain-general of Bohemia; b. 1771. 2. Archduke Joseph, Palatine, governor, and captain-general of Hungary; b. March 9, 1776. 3. Archduke Anthony, G. M. of the Teutonic Order; b. Aug. 31, 1779. 4. Archduke John, General of Cavalry; b. Jan. 20, 1782. 5. Archduke Renier, Viceroy of Lombardy and Venice; b. Sept. 30, 1783. 6. Archduke Louis, field-marshal and director-general of artillery; b. Dec. 13, 1784. Each Canton is an independent republic. In some of the Cantons the form of government is a democracy; but in most of them, an oligarchy. But for the general security, the Cantons are confederated together, and the regulation of affairs which concern the whole confederation, is intrusted to a Diet composed of deputies from the 22 cantons, who assemble commonly on the first Monday in July at Zurich, Berne, or Lucerne, the place of meeting being changed in rotation every two years; and the deputy of the Canton in whose capital the Diet assembles, presides. In 1833 and 1834, the Diet meets at Zurich; in 1835 and 1836, at Berne; and in 1837 and 1833, at Lucerne. XIV. SPAIN. Spain, a mountainous country, comprising the most of a great peninsula lying in the southwest of Europe, is advantageously situated, and two centuries ago it was the most formidable power in Christendom; but it is now comparatively weak, and is backward with respect to agriculture, manufactures, the arts, and education. It is divided into 14 large provinces, and subdivided into 31 smaller ones. The whole number of ecclesistics, in Spain, in 1826, is stated at 146,696 of whom 61 were archbishops and bishops; 2,363 canons; 61,327 men in convents, and 31,400 women in convents. Spain is governed by an absolute, hereditary monarch, though several unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish a constitutional government. It has been governed by the Bourbon Family since 1700. The succession was limited to the male line till April 8, 1830, when, by a royal ordinance, females were rendered capable of succeeding to the throne. FERDINAND VII., King of Spain and the Indies; Most Catholic; b. Oct. 14, 1784; succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his father Charles IV., March 19, 1808; m. (I.) Sept. 29, 1816, Isabella Maria, Infanta of Portugal, b. May 19, 1797, d. Dec. 26, 1818: m. (II.) Maria Josephina, niece of the King of Saxony, d. May, 1829: m. (III.) Dec. 4, 1829, MARIA CHRISTINA, daughter of the King of the Two Sicilies: - Issue; Maria Isabella, Infanta, b. Oct. 12, 1830. Brothers and Sister of the King. Charles Isidore, Infant; b. March 29, 1788; m. Frances of Portugal, Sept. 29, 1816. Maria Isabella, widow of Francis I. of the Two Sicilies; b. June 6, 1789. Francis, de Paul; b. March 10, 1794; m. June 12, 1819, to Louisa Charlotte of the Two Sicilies. XV. PORTUGAL. Portugal, the most westerly state of Europe, is a small kingdom, once distinguished as a maritime power, but its prosperity long since declined; and it is now one of the most backward European countries with regard to agriculture, manufactures, education, and the arts. MIGUEL, King of Portugal and the Algarves; 2d son of John VI. o Portugal; b. Oct. 26, 1802; affianced at Vienna, Oct. 29, 1826, by proxy to his niece Maria de Gloria, who was declared Queen of Portugal; took the oath Feb. 26, 1828, as Regent of Portugal; was proclaimed King, by the Cortes, June 26, 1828, and formally assumed the title of King of Portugal and the Algarves, July 4, 1828. [MARIA DE GLORIA, eldest daughter of Pedro, ex-emperor of Brazil, eldest son of John VI. of Portugal; b. April 4, 1819; declared Queen of Portugal in consequence of the abdication of her father, May 2, 1826. — Pedro having become Emperor of Brazil, under the conditions of the Constitution of that country, by an act of May 2, 1826, abdicated the throne of Portugal in favor of his daughter, promulgated a Constitution for the kingdom with a Cortes, and appointed his brother Don Miguel regent, during the minority of his daughter. Miguel, after having sworn to the Constitution, renounced it, assumed absolute sovereignty in his own right, and has since reigned as King of Portugal.] Sisters of Miguel. 1. Maria Theresa, Princess of Beira; b. April 29, 1793; widow of Peter Charles of Spain. -2. Maria Frances; b. April 22, 1800; m. Sept. 29, 1816, to Charles Isidore of Spain.-3. Isabella Maria; b. July 4, 1801.. 4. Maria de l'Assomption; b. July 25, 1805.-5. Maria Anne Jesus; þ. Dec. 23, 1806; m. Dec. 1, 1827, to the Marquis de Loulé. |