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ity of all the votes is required. When there is no choice of governor by the people, the choice devolves on the House of Representatives. The electors are chosen by a general ticket; representatives to Congress, by districts.

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INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

Canals. Several short canals have been constructed on the western bank of Connecticut river in this State, for the purpose of improving the navigation of the river. The most considerable of these is that at Bellows Falls, opposite to Walpole, N. H., which is half a mile long, with nine locks, overcoming a fall of about fifty feet. Others are made at the Waterqueechy, opposite to Plainfield, N. H., and at White river, opposite to Lebanon.

Rail-roads. — Acts of incorporation have been granted for two rail-roads in this State, the one leading from Rutland to Whitehall, N. Y., and the other from Bennington to Troy, N. Y.

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RECEIPTS of the State Government for the Year ending Dec. 31, 1831. ›

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EXPENDITURE for the Year ending Dec. 31, 1831.

Salaries of Officers, and incidental charges,

Pay of Counsellors, Senators, and Represesentatives,
On Rolls of the Committee on Accounts,

65,714.81

104,314.00

94,706.97

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AMENDMENT OF THE CONTITUTION.

At the session of the Legislature in 1832, the following article was agreed to; and it will be submitted to the Legislature in 1833. The vote in the House of Representatives was, yeas 347, nays 90.

Instead of the Third Article of the Bill of Rights, the following modification and amendment thereof is substituted: :

"As the public worship of God, and instructions in piety, religion, and

morality, promote the happiness and prosperity of a people, and the security of a republican government :-therefore, the several Religious Societies of this Commonwealth, whether corporate or unincorporate, at any meeting legally warned and holden for that purpose, shall ever have the right to elect their Pastors or religious teachers, to contract with them for their support, to raise money for erecting and repairing houses of public worship, for the maintenance of religious instruction, and for the payment of necessary expenses:—And all persons belonging to any religious society shall be taken and held to be members, until they shall file with the clerk of such society a written notice, declaring the dissolution of their membership, and thenceforth shall not be liable for any grant or contract, which may be thereafter made or entered into by such society :-And all religious sects and denominations demeaning themselves peaceably, and as good citizens of the Commonwealth, shall be equally under the protec tion of the law :-And no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law."

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

CANALS. Middlesex Canal, connecting Boston harbor with Merrimack river at Chelmsford, opens a water communication to the central part of New Hampshire. Length 27 miles. Breadth at the surface 30 feet, at bottom 20; depth of water 3 feet. Locks 20; Lockage 136 feet. Company incorporated in 1789; Canal completed in 1808; Cost, $528,000. Pawtucket Canal, in the town of Lowell, is used not only for passing a fall of the same name, but also for supplying very extensive hydraulic works. It is 1 miles in length, 90 feet wide and 4 deep, overcoming a difference of level of 32 feet.

Blackstone Canal extends from Worcester, Mass., to Providence, R. I. It follows, through the greater part of its course, the valley of Blackstone river. Length 45 miles. Fall from the summit at Worcester to tide water at Providence, 451.61 feet. It has 48 locks, 80 feet long by 10 wide. Breadth at the surface 34 feet; at the bottom 18; depth of water 4 feet. It was completed in 1828. Cost about $600,000. Hampshire and Hampden Canal is a projected work in continuation of Farmington canal from Southwick ponds to Northampton. Distance 20 miles. Difference of level 298 feet. See Farmington Canal, Conn.

Montague Canal, constructed for passing Montague falls, on Connecticut river, in the town of the same name, is 3 miles long, 25 feet wide, and 3 deep. Lockage 75 feet.

South Hadley Canal, constructed for passing a fall of 40 feet on Connecticut river in the town of South Hadley, is 2 miles in length. There is a cut in this canal, in solid rock, 40 feet in depth and 300 feet in length. Company incorporated in 1792.

RAIL-ROADS. Quincy Rail-road. This was the first work of the kind undertaken in the United States, and was constructed for transporting granite from the quarry in Quincy to Neponset river. Length 3 miles: single track. Completed in 1827.

Boston and Lowell Rail-road, leading from Boston to Lowell, and commencing on the west side of Warren bridge, is to cross Charles river by a wooden viaduct, and to terminate at the basin of the canal at Lowell, from which there are to be branches along the several canals to the factories. The inclination of the road will, in no case, exceed 10 feet per mile, and, in general, will not exceed 5 feet per mile. For the present there will be but a single track, with the necessary number of turn-outs; but provision is made for the construction of another track if required. It is to be constructed in the most substantial manner of stone and iron. Company incorporated in 1830. Length about 25 miles. Work now in active progress. Boston and Worcester Rail-road is to extend from Boston to Worcester. Length 43 miles. Part of the road is now under contract, and the work was commenced in Aug. 1832. Estimated expense $883,904. But as the contracts for making the road have been more favorable than was anticipated, it is expected that the cost will fall considerably short of the original estimate. Company incorporated in 1831. It is proposed to continue this road to Connecticut river, and to construct a branch to Millbury.

Boston and Providence Rail-road, extending from Boston to Providence, R. I. Distance 43 miles. Company incorporated in June, 1831, with a capital of $1,000,000. Route surveyed, and the location for a part of the distance determined.

Boston and Taunton Rail-road, from Boston to Taunton, Mass. Distance 32 miles. Company incorporated in June, 1831, with a capital of 1,000,000. It has been proposed that this company should unite with the Boston and Providence Rail-road Company, upon condition that a branch road be constructed from Taunton to the Boston and Providence Railroad.

The following Rail-roads have also been projected and some of them surveyed. From Boston or Lowell to Brattleborough, Vt.; from Boston to Salem to be continued to the northern line of the State; from West Stockbridge to the boundary line of the State of New York, to meet a Bailroad from Albany; and from Boston to Ogdensburg, N. Y.

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