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the Constitution, he passed into the Senate in 1875 as a life member, and was always constant in attendance, though he seldom made a speech. He became greatly alarmed at the spread of democratic ideas in France and the tendency toward radical legislation, and in two pamphlets, one on democracy and one on revision, published just ofter Gambetta's accession to office, he wrote hopelessly of the condition and prospects of France. Scherer for many years wrote some of the principal articles for the "Temps," both on domestic and on foreign politics, besides conducting the critical department. His chief work, however, was concerned with literature and literary history and with philosophical questions. His first book was "Mélanges de critique religieuse" (1860). Other works on theological subjects were "Esquisse d'une théorie de l'Eglise chrétienne" and "La Critique et la foi." His seven volumes of "Etudes critiques sur la littérature contemporaine" were much read in other countries besides France.

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Günther, Prince of, born Sept. 24, 1801; died Sept. 15, 1889. After a reign of forty-five years he resigned the Government in 1880, on account of the infirmities of age, into the hands of his son, Prince Karl. Prince Günther granted a Constitution in 1841. Through the influence of his second wife, Princess Mathilde, whom he married in 1835 and divorced in 1852, he maintained for some time one of the best theatres in Germany and a famous orchestra.

Searle, Henry Ernest, an Australian oarsman, born in New South Wales, July 14, 1866, died in Melbourne, Dec. 9, 1889. He won his first race in January, 1888, and defeated the principal Australian scullers, including Kemp, the champion, in the same year, making the fastest time on record over a three-mile course in his match with Stansbury. In 1889 he went to England, and challenged all comers. On Sept. 9 he rowed against William O'Connor, of Toronto, for the championship of the world, over the course from Putney to Mortlake, on the Thames, winning with ease.

Sharp, Martin, an English journalist, born in Oxford in 1819; died in London, May 25, 1889. He was a writer on the Oxford "Herald," and was called to London in 1846 to assist in the editorship of the New High Church weekly, the "Guardian." When Montague Bernard returned to Oxford as Professor of International Law in 1859, Sharp became chief editor. Under his management the journal became the representative organ of the Church of England.

Shuvaloff, Count Peter, a Russian statesman, born in St. Petersburg, July 15, 1827; died there, March 22, 1889. He was aid-de-camp to the Czar Nicholas at the age of twenty-seven, and a general at thirty. In 1864'66 he was governor-general of the Baltic provinces, and, instead of proceeding energetically to the Russification of the German institutions, as the Slavophiles expected, he incurred their enmity by his tolerant and conciliatory administration. The proselyting activity of Archbishop Platon was reproved by him, and he obtained a ukase from the emperor allowing parents, if they desired, to baptize the offsprings of mixed marriages in the Lutheran Church, and, in spite of the protests of Count Demitri Tolstoi, then Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod, one requiring conversions to the Orthodox Church to be investigated and approved by the civil authorities. He was recalled from Riga in 1866, and after the attempt on the Emperor's life, April 16, he was placed at the head of the gendarmerie and secret police. This responsible post, which he held eight years, made Shuvaloff the most powerful and influential man in Russia, who practically exercised the authority of a dictator. Yet in spite of his vigilance and activity the Nihilistic propaganda spread, and the revolutionists were able to perfect their organization. In 1873 he arranged the marriage between the only daughter of Alexander II and the Duke of Edinburgh, and smoothed the ruffled feelings of England by his explanation of the Russian advance in Turkistan. In 1874 the policy of Russia required the presence in London of a man of prudence and ability,

and Count Shuvaloff was selected for the post of ambassador at the court of St. James, where his coolness and diplomatic resources did much toward averting the threatened war with England in 1878 after the peace of San Stefano, not merely by pacifying the English Government, but by calming and restraining the Czar Alexander II, and persuading him to forego the advantages of the treaty wrung from the conquered Turks. He went as Russian plenipotentiary to the Congress of Berlin, and by his conciliatory attitude enabled the powers to come to a satisfactory conclusion. His pacific course cost him his popularity and political influence at home. Prince Gortchakoff, who was not entirely satisfied with the role that Shuvaloff had imposed upon Russia through his influence with the irresolute Czar, recalled him from London, and since then he took no part in public affairs. Stoyanoff, Zacharia, a Bulgarian statesman, born near Pravadia, in the Varna district, in 1854; died in Sofia, Sept. 13, 1889. He left his home secretly to obtain an education in a Bulgarian school at Rustchuk, and while yet a youth developed a zealous activity on the revolutionary committees that aimed to free Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke. On the establishment of the Bulgarian Government he became an active supporter of the National party. The revolution of Philippopolis first brought him to the front. He broke away from his former party leaders, Zankoff and Karveloff, because one had become a partisan of Russia and the other had been unfaithful to Prince Alexander, and became one of the main props of the Regency, and later a faithful supporter of Prince Ferdinand. He was the leader of the National party, and was President of the Sobranje. Stoyanoff, notwithstanding his meager early education, was one of the foremost journalists of the country, the master of a lively, incisive style and of dialectical powers of a high order. The source of his culture was Russian literature, in which he was thoroughly read, although he had learned the language without an instructor. He had taught himself French also, and became the correspondent of French newspapers.

Tamberlik, Enrico, an Italian singer, born in Rome, March 16, 1820; died in Paris, March 15, 1889. He was educated for the operatic stage by Borgna and Guglielmi, and made his first appearance at the Teatro Fondo, Naples, in Bellini's I Capuletti" in 1841. After singing in Lisbon. Madrid, and Barcelona, he went to London, and first appeared at the Royal Italian Opera, as Masaniello in Auber's "La Muette de Portici," April 4, 1850, and sang there continuously for twenty-four years. In 1857 he traveled in Russia, Spain, and North and South America, appearing with great success, and he sang in London again in 1870 and in 1877. His voice was a high tenor of richness and volume, and his C in alt was strong and clear. He was handsome, and was considered a good actor. His chief characters were: Otello, in Rossini's opera of that title; Florestan, in Beethoven's "Fidelis "; Manrico, in Verdi's "Trovatore"; John of Leyden, in Meyerbeer's "Prophete"; the Duke, in Verdi's Rigoletto"; and Faust, in Gounod's opera. latter years were spent in Madrid, where he was connected with a manufactory of firearms.

His

Taylor, Frederick, an English artist, born in Elstree in 1804; died in Hampstead, June 20, 1889. He began to exhibit water-colors in 1831, and from 1858 till 1871 he was President of the Water-Color Society. His aquarelles are landscapes with figures, and he was famous for hunting and hawking scenes, and especially for his drawings of horses and dogs.

Tchernicheffski, Nikolai Gavrilovich, a Russian Socialist, died in Moscow, Oct. 29, 1889. He was a disciple of Alexander Herzen, and after the banishment of his master became the leader of the Russian revolutionary party and chief disseminator of the German socialistic ideas that were developed by his successors into Russian Nihilism. In the period of the emancipation of the serfs he gave the majority of his countrymen their first knowledge of the theories of politi cal economy prevailing in Germany, England, and

France. The system of John Stuart Mill he laid before the Russian people in a translation, and followed it out to conclusions not then accepted by that philosopher. The producers' and consumers' co-operative associations that German reformers had called into existence he recommended to the Russian industrial element for imitation, but only as the first step toward a higher development. The Russian agrarian question he proposed to solve on communistic principles. He demanded not only that the fields and pastures within the village bounds should be left to the cultivators without compensation to the landlords, but that the estates of the nobles should also be handed over to the communes free, to be held in common, and that the aristocracy and the standing army should be abolished. A vigorous expression of the popular will, he thought, would be enough to extort from the Government the reforms required by the conditions of the time without proceeding to revolution or the abolition of the Czardom. Tchernicheffski, between 1859 and 1862, was editor of the Radical monthly "Sovremennik" and the leading spirit of the St. Petersburg Chess Club, where the revolutionists resorted. Among his acquaintances he passed for a dull book-worm and an unpractical theorist, but he was dreaded by the Government as an ardent and influential political agitator, and the secret police watched for a pretext to lay hands on him. In 1862 he was arrested on the charge, believed by his friends to be false, of having issued a revolutionary proclamation to the peasants. After being kept in jail for several years, he was transported to eastern Siberia by decree of the Senate, and led the life of a political convict till he was pardoned in the beginning of 1889. During his fong preliminary detention he wrote the socialistic novel, "Cto delatj?" ("What shall we do?"), which was considered his chief work, and contained what was accepted as the positive programme of Russian socialism until more advanced ideas rose to the surface. The revolutionists were astonished that the Government censorship gave its imprimatur to such a book, though others recognized that it was too abstruse to be an effective political tract, while as a story it was excursive, wearisome, and devoid of human interest.

Tempel, William Ernest, a German astronomer, born in Nieder-Cunersdorf, Germany, Dec. 4, 1821; died in Arcetri, Italy, March 16, 1889. He was of humble parentage, and early acquired the art of lithography, which he followed with success in Germany. A desire for travel led him to Denmark, where he spent three years, and then he went to Italy, settling in Venice. Here he became interested in astronomy, and made his first discovery-the comet of 1859. In the same year he began a map of the Pleiades, in which in a short time were included six large stars and hundreds of smaller ones. This work included the discovery of the nebula of the Pleiades, which was at first strongly doubted, but whose existence has since been confirmed. In 1860 he removed to Marseilles, and in 1861 he served as an assistant in the observatory there, under Benjamin Valz. Returning to his profession, he continued in its practice until 1870, alternating his labors with astronomical research. During these years he discovered six small planetsAngelina (64), Maximiliana (65), Galatea (74), Eurynome (79), previously discovered by James C. Watson, Terpsichore (81), and Clotho' (97) and the comets, 1860 IV, 1863 I, 1863 IV, 1864 II, 1866 I, 1867 I(with Stephan), 1867 II, 1869 II, 1869 III, and 1870 II (with Winnecke), for which he received several prizes from the Imperial Academy of Vienna. His finding of the burning comet of 1866 I was of special interest, as it explained the disappearance of comets, then not understood. The war between France and Germany caused his expulsion from Marseilles in 1871, and he became an assistant at the Royal Observatory of Brera at Milan. During the four years that followed, he discovered the comets 1871 II, 1871 V, 1871 VI, and 1873 II, besides which he observed and drew several other comets, particularly that of Coggia, which appeared in 1874, and was drawn by

him in a way that has never been excelled. Failing health led in 1875 to his accceptance of the charge of the new observatory of Arcetri, where he remained until his death. His last discovery of importance was the comet of 1877 V, but he continued his study of the nebula, whose forms and details he represented in drawings, which are regarded as the most accurate ever made. This work gained for him in 1880 the prize which every six years is given by the Royal Academy for astronomical research.

Terziani, Eugenio, an Italian musician, born in Rome, in 1828; died there June 30, 1889. He studied at the Conservatory of Naples, and became Maestro di Capella at the Apollo Theatre, Rome, and director of the orchestra at La Scala, Milan. In 1877 he returned to Rome, where he was Professor of Composition of the Music Lyceum and of the Cecilia Academy. His compositions include: "La Caduta di Gerico," oratorio (Naples, 1844); "Giovanna di Napoli," and "Alfredo," operas (Rome); "Niccolò di Lapi," opera (1883); and a requiem for Victor Emanuel.

Theresa Christina Maria, ex-Empress of Brazil, born in Naples, March 14, 1822; died in Oporto, Portugal, Dec. 28, 1889. She was the daughter of Francis 1, King of the Two Sicilies, by his second marriage, with Maria Isabella, Infanta of Spain, and was married by procuration at Naples on May 30, and in person at Rio de Janeiro on Sept. 4, 1843, to Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, who had personally assumed the government of the country three years before. They had two daughters, Isabel, who married Gaston, Comte d'Eu, Prince of Orleans-Bourbon, son of the Duc de Nemours, and Leopoldina, who died in 1871, the wife of Prince August of Saxe-Coburg. The Empress was deeply grieved at the Republican revolution that made herself and her family fugitives in a foreign land, and died soon after their arrival in Europe, as the result, in a large measure, of the distress and perturbation of mind incident to their escape.

Tolstoi, Count Dimitri Andreivich, a Russian statesman, born in the government of Ryazan in March, 1823; died in St. Petersburg, May 7, 1889. He was educated at the lyceum of Tsarskoe Selo, winning the golden medal at his graduation. In 1843 he entered official life, obtaining an appointment in the Empress's Bureau for Educational and Charitable Foundations. He wrote a history of Russian financial administration to the death of Catherine II, and in 1847, while holding employment in the department of ecclesiastical affairs in the Ministry of the Interior, he was commissioned by the Emperor to write a his tory of foreign confessions in Russia. In 1853 he was appointed bureau chief in the Ministry of Marine. For his work entitled "Le Catholicisme romain en Russie" the University of Leipsic gave him the honorary degree of Ph. D. He was transferred to the Ministry of Public Education in 1861, and in 1865 was appointed Procurator of the Holy Synod. In this post he improved the lot of the clergy, especially of the village popes, and modernized and infused new life into the ecclesiastical administration. He also reformed the clerical seminaries, introduced the method of voting in the local ecclesiastical administration, and uprooted the system of caste that separated the clergy from other classes and made it impossible for their children to follow any occupation except their own. Tolstoi's activity in this field won the sympathy of Russian society and the gratitude of the inferior clergy. On April 14, 1866, he was appointed Minister of Public Education, and in this capacity he carried out with iron resolution, in opposition to public opinion and in spite of the protests of the entire public press, except the Moscow "Gazette," a reconstruction of the system of higher education on a basis exclusively classical, nor did he rest till he had changed the curriculum of study from beginning to end. The effect of this great reform was the opposite of what was intended. He judged that scientific and practical studies and modern literature had drawn the educated people into irreligion and liberalism, and that the cultivation of the old humane letters would

restore the simple faith and loyalty that formerly prevailed. But his rigorous and sweeping changes not only imposed irksome tasks on the students and shut them from the knowledge for which they, thirsted, they also dashed the professional hopes of many thousands who could not begin their education over again on the new system, and drove them forth from the universities and professional schools, desperate and ripe for revolutionary conspiracies. He accomplished a great deal for elementary education during the fourteen years of his ministry, increasing the number of intermediate schools from 220 to 620, and of primary schools from 1,005 to 24,853. When Count Loris Melikoff was called, at the height of the Nihilistic terror, to try the effect of leniency and concession, the reactionary Minister of Education had to retire. After the murder of Alexander II, Tolstoi was placed at the head of the Ministry of the Interior, in May, 1882. Supported by Katkoff and other defenders of autocracy and Old Russian ideas, he introduced a system of repression and tyranny that Russia had outgrown a century before, and set himself to work with restless energy and indomitable determination to undo all the great reforms of the reign of Alexander II. Beginning by suppressing every liberal and independent newspaper and organizing a system of police terrorism that shut every mouth, he was able by his press organs to bring a large section of the public to doubt and discredit the reforms of the last reigneven that of peasant emancipation, which no one was allowed to celebrate at the twenty-fifth anniversary. The interest that former ministers had shown in the peasants at the expense of the nobility he intended to reverse by rehabilitating the nobles and giving them control over the peasants again. His favorite project of destroying the Zemstvos by placing them under the dictation of the land-owning nobility was defeated, or at least delayed, by the opposition that it encountered in the Senate. Count Tolstoi was a voluminous writer, who published his dogmatic views and theories on the subjects that came before him in the several departments of public business in which he was employed. He was a thoroughgoing Slavophile and a friend of Katkoff, whose daughter married his only son. At the time of his death, besides being Minister of the Interior, he was a member of the Imperial Council, a Senator, Chief of the Gendarmerie and Political Police, President of the Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Prison Committee and of the Committee on Charities, and a member of many

learned and other societies.

Tan, Prince, of the Chinese imperial family, known as the Fifth Prince, died in Pekin, April 14, 1889. He was the eldest surviving brother of the Emperor Hien Fung, and of the Princes Kung and Chun. He took no important part in the Government, his official post being that of President of the Court of the Imperial Clan, yet he exercised a large degree of influence by reason of his popularity. He affected poverty, living in a dilapidated palace and wearing wretched clothes, and was a great favorite of the people by reason of his honesty and his wit and goodnature. He was a supporter of the Conservative policy and a foe to all European innovations.

Tupper, Martin Farquhar, an English poet, born in London, July 17, 1810; died there, Nov. 29, 1889. He was a descendant of a German family that was expelled from Hesse-Cassel in 1548 by Charles V for Protestant opinions, and a son of an eminent London physician. His education was obtained at Charterhouse School and at Oxford, where he was graduated M. A. in 1835. He was called to the bar, but never practiced. In 1836 he published "Geraldine and other Poems" and the first half of "Proverbial Philosophy." This work was ridiculed by critics, and was not received favorably at first by the public, but it gradually became one of the most popular books that were ever printed, circulating to the extent of 100,000 copies in Great Britain and nearly 500,000 in the United States. It was lengthened into four series (1839-67). Mr. Tupper was the author of many

other works in prose and verse. His "American Ballads" (1850) were intended to promote friendly feelings between Englishmen and Americans. He lectured in the United States in 1851 and 1876. Ulbach, Louis, a French journalist, born in Troyes, March 7, 1822; died in Paris, March 16, 1889. He was educated in Paris, attracted the interest of Victor Hugo by a volume of poems that was published in 1844, and, after writing for Paris newspapers for several years, founded in Troyes in 1848 a political journal. A series of letters, signed "Jacques Souffrant," depicting the wrongs and hardships of the working class, led to his prosecution, on which occasion he was defended by Jules Favre and acquitted. He edited the "Révue de Paris" from 1853 till 1858. He established the Radical weekly "La Cloche" in 1868, and was imprisoned for six months in 1869. He was condemned in 1862 for complicity with the Commune, although he indignantly protested his opposition to the revolutionary government. He was the author of "Monsieur et Madame Fernel" and other novels.

Véron, Eugène, a French journalist, born in Paris in May, 1825; died in Sables d'Olonne, about June 1, 1889. He was educated at the École Normale, became a journalist, and devoted himself to æsthetics and philosophy. From its establishment in 1875 till the time of his death he was the editor of "L'Art." Among his published works the most noteworthy are "Esthetique," "Histoire naturelle des religions," and "La Troisième invasion."

Warsberg, Alexander, Freiherr von, born in 1886; died in Venice, May 28, 1889. He was employed in the Austrian Administration at Venice in 1859, held various posts in the state service, and in 1887 returned to Venice as Austro-Hungarian Consul. His best-known books are "Ein Sommer im Orient " (Vienna, 1869); "Odysseeischen Landschaften" (1878); and "Homerische Landschaften" (1884).

Wood, John George, an English naturalist, born in London in 1827; died in Coventry, March 3, 1889. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford, and became a clergyman in the Church of England. He was the author of many popular books of natural history, the best known of which are "Common Objects of the Seashore," 99 66 My Feathered Friends," "Homes without Hands," and "Garden Friends and Foes."

OHIO, a Central Western State, admitted to the Union in 1803; area, 39,964 square miles; population, according to the last decennial census (1880), 3,190,062; capital, Columbus.

Government. The following were the State officers during the year: Governor, Joseph B. Foraker, Republican; Lieutenant-Governor, William C.Lyon; Secretary of State, Daniel J. Ryan; Auditor of State, Ebenezer W. Poe: Treasurer of State, John C. Brown; Attorney-General, David K. Watson; Board of Public Works, William M. Hahn, C. A. Flickinger, Wells S. Jones; Commissioner of Common Schools, John Hancock; Judges of the Supreme Court, Joseph P. Bradbury, Franklin J. Dickman, Thaddeus A. Minshall, William T. Spear, Marshall J. Williams.

Finances. At the close of the fiscal year 1888 there was a cash balance in the treasury of $119, 725.50. The receipts during the year amounted to $5,947,905.10, and the disbursements to $5,685,970.73, leaving a cash balance in the treasury, Nov. 15, 1889, of $381,659.87. This amount stood: Credited to general revenue, $22,363.88; sinking fund, $245,040.45; common-school fund, $114,255.54. The taxable value of realty in 1889 was $1,213,645,052; of personalty, $540,552,292. The State tax was returned as $4,734,010.99, and the total taxes $35,974,234.28. This total is exclusive of the per capita tax on dogs, which amounted to $202,457. The funded debt was reduced

during the year $250,000, leaving the public funded debt, on Nov. 15, at $2,796,665, payable in annual installments until July, $1,900 at 3 per cent. interest. In addition the irreducible State debt (trust funds for school purposes) is $4,584,180.50. There was a net increase of local indebtedness of $3,448,097.23. The State tax-rate for 1889 was 2 mills.

Railroads.--The returns to the Board of Equalization of railroad property show the mileage of railroads within the State to be: Main track, 7,383 miles; second track, 575 miles; branches, 351 miles; side track, 2,203 miles.

Banks.-The number of national banks in the State was 223, with an aggregate capital stock of $39,828,825; surplus, $10,075,882; undivided profits, $1,916,289; total or actual value, $35,114.239, Banks organized under State laws, 47, with capital stock, $3,111,000; surplus, $420,486; undivided profits, $188,625; total, or actual value, $3,666,511,

Education. The number of youth of school age (between six and twenty-one years) was 1,120,536. The payments from the State commonschool fund based on that enumeration aggregated $1,700,884.75.

Legislature.-The adjourned session of the sixty-eighth General Assembly opened on Jan. 8, and the final adjournment was on April 15. The number of bills passed was unusually large, but few of them were of general importance. Among the new laws enacted were the following:

To suppress bucket shops and gambling in stocks, bonds, petroleum, cotton, grain, provisions, and other produce.

To prevent the wasting of natural gas.

To prohibit the manufacture or sale of adulterated

wires.

To define and punish the crime of riotous conspiracy (designed for the suppression of White Cap organiza

tions).

Amending the compulsory education law, to make it more effective.

Amending the election laws, to prevent loitering around the polling places or the distribution of tickets by unauthorized persons on the day of election.

Constitutional Amendments.-The Legislature provided for the submission to the electors at the November election of three proposed amendments to the Constitution: No. 1 changed the system of levying taxes, giving the General Assembly power to levy taxes with no other restriction than that "taxes shall be uniform on the same class of subjects," and retaining the exemption exceptions of the Constitution. No. 2 provided for legislative single districts, every county being entitled to at least one representative, and the more populous counties being divided into districts with one representative each. No. 3 provided for biennial elections and the holding of local elections in November instead of in April. The Constitution requires a majority of all the votes cast at the election to secure the passage of a constitutional amendment.

At the election held in November the taxation amendment received 245,438 votes, against 273,268 negative. The single-district amendment received 245,444 yeas and 259,420 nays. Those two amendments were therefore clearly defeated. The biennial-elections amendment received 257,662 yeas and 254,215 nays, which was a majority

VOL. XXIX.-43 A

of votes cast on the proposition, but not a majority of the total vote given for members of the General Assembly, which was 780,304. The question was raised that a majority of the votes cast on the amendment was sufficient. The case was taken to the Supreme Court, which decided that the proposition was defeated, not having received a majority of all the votes cast at the election. Political.-The Republican State Convention met at Columbus, June 25, and was in session two days. Joseph B. Foraker was nominated for Governor on the second ballot, it being his fourth consecutive nomination for that office, and for a third term Elbert L. Lampson was nominated for Lieutenant-Governor. For the other offices to be filled the incumbents were renominated. The platform reaffirmed the adherence of the party to the principle of protection, approved the administration of President Harrison, favored the passage by Congress of " a proper and equitable service-pension bill for all honorably discharged Union soldiers and seamen of the late war," and approved the wool schedule of the Senate tariff bill, the administration of Gov. Foraker, and the course of the Legislature.

The Democratic State Convention was held at Columbus, Aug. 28. James E. Campbell was nominated for Governor on the second ballot, and William V. Marquis for Lieutenant-Governor. The other places were filled on a single ballot each. The platform declared the purpose of the party to "continue the battle for tariff reform until the cause of the people is triumphant"; demanded the repeal of all tariff taxes that enable trusts to "extort from the people exorbitant prices for the products they control"; favored "just, liberal, and equitable pension laws"; denounced the Republican National and State adand laws that will enable the cities to "choose ministrations; and demanded home rule for Ohio, their own servants and control their own affairs." The Prohibition and Union Labor parties also held State conventions and put full tickets in the field.

The canvass was exciting and exceedingly bitter between the leading candidates for Governor. Charges and countercharges of a personal nature were made in the speeches of the two candidates. The result was the election of the Democratic candidate for Governor, a contested election of the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor (who was afterward unseated by the Senate, and his Democratic competitor given the place), and the election of all the other Republican candidates. The votes as returned were as follow: Governor-Joseph B. Foraker, 368,551; James E. Campbell, 379,423; J. B. Helwig, Prohibition, 26,504; J. H. Rhodes, Union Labor, 1,048. Lieutenant-Governor-Elbert L. Lampson, Republican, 375.090; William V. Marquis, Democrat, 375,068; Lambertis B. Logan, Prohibition, 26,587; Francis L. Rice, Union Labor, 1,120. AttorneyGeneral-David K. Watson, R., 377,140; Jesse M. Lewis, D., 373,335; E. J. Pinney, P., 26,439; William Baker, U. L., 1,140. Judge of Supreme Court-Franklin J. Dickman, R., 376,649; Martin D. Follett, D., 373,893; Gideon T. Stewart, P., 26,638; Jesse M. Johnson, U. L., 1,062. Member of Board of Public Works--William M. Hahn, R.,377,059; Frank Reynolds, D., 372,659; Harvey Clark, P., 26,641; Oswald Dietz, U. L., 1,727.

Commissioner of Common Schools-John Hancock, R., 377,107; Charles C. Miller, D., 373,391; Frank C. Fuson, P., 26,555; T. Elliot Tate, U. L., 1,059. Clerk of Supreme Court-Urban H. Hester, R., 377,021; Israel J. C. Shumaker, D., 373,453; Henry D. McKnight, P., 26,605; Gilbert A. Perine, U. L., 1,045. A Legislature was also elected, the Senate standing 19 Democrats and 17 Republicans, and the House 60 Democrats and 54 Republicans.

66

mercial Gazette" published what purported to be a fac-simile of a contract in its possession, to this effect: WASHINGTON, D. C., July 2, 1888. We, the undersigned, agree to pay the amounts set opposite, or any proportionate part thereof, whenever requested to do so by John R. McLean, upon "Contract No. 1,000," a copy of which is to be given to each subscriber upon payment of any part of the money hereby subscribed. It is understood that each subscription of five thousand dollars shall entitle the subscriber thereof to a one-twentieth interest in said contract. 1. J. E. CAMPBELL (five thousand dollars). 2. J. E. CAMPBELL (five thousand dollars). 3. J. E. CAMPBELL (five thousand dollars). The newspaper articles and speeches in which this contract was alluded to conveyed the idea that the contract was connected with the ballot-box bill, and that a 'big steal" was intended, in which Mr. Campbell was concerned. For some days the combat raged furiously over this paper. Mr. Campbell denied the existence of such a contract at any time, or that he ever had the slightest interest in the ballot-box bill, which had never come up for hearing in Congress, and he directed his lawyers to bring suit for libel unless there was prompt retraction. The "Commercial Gazette" caused the next sensation by publishing an editorial acknowledgment that the alleged contract was a forgery, and that no genuine paper of that kind was in existence. Some time afterward it admitted that other names, besides that of Mr. Campbell, were on the forged document, but that it had suppressed them in publication. These additional names were William McKinley, Jr., Justin R. Whiting, B. Butterworth, John Sherman, S. S. Cox, W. C. P. Breckinridge, William McAdoo, John R. McPherson, F. B. Stockbridge. All were forgeries, and subsequent investigation showed that none of them were in any way concerned in the ballot-box. A flood of admissions and explanations followed this retraction. It was learned that one R. G. Word, who was concerned in the manufacture of the ballot-boxes, wanted to get Gov. Foraker's recommendation to the Mayor of Cincinnati as smoke inspector of that city. The Governor had heard of a paper compromising Campbell, McKinley, and Butterworth, in connection with the ballot-box, and that Word could procure it. He agreed to recommend Word for smoke inspector if he procured the incriminating paper for the Governor. Word obtained genuine signatures of some of the individuals, fabricated a contract, and by specious pretenses induced a draughtsman to repro

The Ballot-Box Forgery.-The most sensational feature of the political canvass, and one that undoubtedly influenced the result in no small degree, was the ballot-box forgery. When the canvass was at its height, Gov. Foraker made a speech in Music Hall, Cincinnati, in which he referred to a patent ballot-box and a bill for its adoption which had been introduced in Congress by Mr. Campbell when a Representative from Ohio. A day or two later the Cincinnati "Com