of Terror, wreak on their rulers the accumulated vengeance of centuries. The finest spirits of England, though horrified at the bloody excesses in France, are thrilled and exalted by this flood of enthusiasm for the cause of man; the word "liberty" sounds as a talisman in men's ears, and the spirit of revolution for a time controls and inspires many of the best productions of literature.

LITERATURE AFTER THE DEATH OF POPE

Modern England, thus beginning to take shape even during the lifetime of Pope and Walpole, had a literature of its own; but the older literary methods and ideals by no means came to an end with the beginning of the new. Accordingly, after the rise of this new literature, or from about 1725, we find the literature of England flowing, as it were, in two separate streams; the one, marked by a mode or fashion of writing which began definitely with Dryden, may be traced from Dryden on through Pope, its most perfect representative, through Samuel Johnson, until its dissipation in the time of Wordsworth; the other, springing from a different source and inspired by a different spirit, flows with gathered force and volume, and with deepening channel, almost to our own time. Many of the features which had characterized the Restoration literature in the reign of Queen Anne were prolonged far into the century, and some writers modeled their style on Pope and Addison until toward the century's close. In poetry many works continued to be written in which the didactic element prevailed, and in prose we have the ponderous work of Samuel Johnson, which continues the reign of common sense in the realm of literature.

SAMUEL JOHNSON

(1709-1784)

"Johnson, to be sure, has a roughness of manner, but no man has a better heart; he has nothing of the bear but his skin."

"There is no arguing with Johnson; for, when his pistol misses fire, he knocks you down with the butt-end of it."

For forty years after the death of Pope, the greatest personal force in English literature and criticism, and the dominant power in the literary circles of London, was Dr. Samuel Johnson. Because of his commanding position he was dubbed by Smollett, "The Great Cham of Literature;" and on account of his moral essays and his English dictionary, others have called him "The Great Moralist" and "The Great Lexicographer." To-day, however, Johnson the man is more interesting than Johnson the author. He survives for us as he was in what is perhaps the most famous of all biographies, the Life of Johnson, by JAMES BOSWELL. In that book he lives again, as a character in a novel, and we get to love him for his sturdy good sense and manliness, his touching and almost ingenuous piety, and even for his dominating manner and grim humor.

His Life. Samuel Johnson was born in the quiet old cathedral town of Lichfield in 1709. His father was a bookseller, who had his shop opposite St. Mary's Church. Samuel went to various schools in Lichfield, and afterward to Stourbridge in Worcestershire. As a boy he was very indolent, but he had an unusual memory and a naturally inquisitive mind. At school he got a good grounding in Latin, because, as he later said, "My master whipped me very well.

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