1

Representatives of Societies-American Society of Agronomy: Charles V. Piper. American Society of Bacteriologists: Samuel C. Prescott. Botanical Society of America: William Crocker, A. S. Jones. Ecological Society of America: W. M. Wheeler. American Society of Economic Entomologists: P. J. Parrott. Society of American Foresters: Barrington Moore. American Genetics Association: G. N. Collins. American Society for Horticultural Science: U. P. Hedrick. American Phytopathological Society: G. R. Lyman. Society of American Zoologists: M. F. Guyer, F. R. Lillie, G. H. Parker.

Members-at-large, nominated by the division: I. W. Bailey, B. E. Livingston, C. E. McClung, C. F. Marbut, A. G. Mayor, H. F. Moore, J. R. Murlin, W. Osgood, A. F. Woods.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

THE National Research Council announces its first appointments to national research fellowships in physics and chemistry. The fellowships are supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and the object of the National Research Council in maintaining a system of research fellowships is to promote fundamental research in physics and chemistry primarily in educational institutions of the United States. Fellowships are awarded to persons who have demonstrated a high order of ability in research for the purpose of enabling them to conduct investigations at educational institutions which make adequate provision for research in physics or chemistry. The National Research Council has received approximately forty applications. The following initial appointments have been made:

In Chemistry

F. R. Bichowsky, of Washington, D. C., A.B. (Pomona, '12), Ph.D. (California, '16). Physical chemist at the geophysical laboratory of the Carnegie Institute of Washington since 1916. Mr. Bichowsky plans to conduct researches at the University of California.

Emmett K. Carver, of New York City, A.B. (Harvard, '14), Ph.D. (Harvard, '17). Formerly assistant to the director of the Wolcott Gibbs Memorial Laboratory at Harvard; captain, Chemical Warfare Service, U. S. A.

W. H. Rodebush, Ph.D. (California, '17), at present research chemist for the United States Industrial Alcohol Company, of Baltimore, Md. Mr. Rodebush will conduct researches at the University of California on A Study of the Specific Heats and Other Properties of Substances at Low Temperatures.

In Physics

Leonard B. Loeb, of New York City, B.S. (Chicago, '12), Ph.D. (Chicago, '16). Formerly assistant physicist at the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C.; lieutenant, Aviation Service, U. S. A. Mr. Loeb will conduct his researches at the University of Chicago.

Robert A. Patterson, of Bristol, Connecticut, A.B. (Yale, '11), Ph.D. (Yale, '15). Formerly instructor in physics at Yale University; major, Field Artillery, U. S. A.

George P. Paine, of Madison, Wisconsin, A.B. (Harvard, '05), Ph.D. (Wisconsin, '18). Instructor in engineering mathematics, University of Wisconsin. Mr. Paine will conduct his researches at Harvard University and at Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory.

It is expected that additional appointments will be announced in the near future. The members and acting members of the Research Fellowship Board are as follows: Wilder D. Bancroft, Henry A. Bumstead, Simon Flexner, George E. Hale, Elmer P. Kohler, A. 0. Leuschner, Robert A. Millikan, Arthur A. Noyes, E. W. Washburn.

THE INDUSTRIAL FELLOWSHIPS OF THE MELLON INSTITUTE1

THE annual report of Director Raymond F. Bacon of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research2 records a general extension of the institute's activities during the past year.

1 For previous reports on the status of the system of cooperation between science and industry in operation at the Mellon Institute, see Duncan, SCIENCE, N. S., Vol. XXXIX. (1914), 672; Bacon, ibid., XLIII. (1916), 453; ibid., XLV. (1917), 399; and Weidlein, ibid., XLVII. (1918), 447.

2 The full report is published in J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11, 371-374, 1919.

No. 190-bread

lege).

During the institute year March 1, 1918, to March 1, 1919, there was a marked growth in both the number of industrial fellowships in operation and the amounts subscribed for their support. At the present time there are 47 industrial fellowships, and 5 additional ones have been arranged for, to begin just as soon as the necessary laboratory space can be provided. Of these 47 industrial fellowships, 35 utilize the services of one research man on each fellowship (individual fellowships), while 12 have the intensive work, in each instance, of one or more investigators under the supervision of a senior fellow (multiple fellowships). Of these two types of industrial fellowships, 9 have been founded by associations of manufacturers and these association fellowships serve in all 2,700 company members.

The following table presents the number of industrial fellowships which have been founded in the institute from March to March of each year, 1911 to 1919; the number of industrial fellows (research chemists and engineers) who have been employed thereon; and the total amounts of money contributed for their maintenance by the industrial fellowship donors (industrialists and associations of manufacturers):

March 1, 1921. Bonus: $10,000.

$3,000 a year. March 1, 1920.

During the eight years, the institute itself expended over $330,000 in taking care of overhead expenses-salaries of members of permanent staff and office force, maintenance of building, apparatus, etc.-in connection with the operation of the industrial fellowships. Besides this amount, the building and permanent equipment of the institute, which make it the most complete and modern industrial experiment station in the country, represent an investment of about $350,000.

The administration of the Mellon Institute is now constituted as follows: Raymond F. Bacon, Sc.D., director; Edward R. Weidlein, M.A., associate director; E. Ward Tillotson, Jr., Ph.D., assistant director; William A. Hamor, M.A., assistant director; David S. Pratt, Ph.D., assistant director; Harry S. Coleman, B.S., assistant director.

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES

THE Geological Survey has recently published as its Bulletin 660 its annual volume entitled "Contributions to Economic Geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1917. Part I. Metals and Nonmetals Except Fuels." This bulletin contains 11 papers describing deposits of ores of iron, manganese, tin, antimony, lead, silver and gold in widely separated parts of the United States and deposits of greensand, clay, and strontianite. The shortage of manganese, which is used extensively in hardening steel, and the high prices resulting from its scarcity, caused the survey to examine undeveloped deposits in western Arkansas and in Shenandoah Valley, Va., the results of which are described in "Manganese Deposits of the Caddo Gap and De Queen quadrangles, Ark.," by H. D. Miser, and "Possibilities for Manganese Ore on Certain Un

66

developed Tracts in the Shenandoah Valley, Va.," by D. F. Hewitt, G. W. Stose, F. J. Katz and H. D. Miser. The greensand deposits of the eastern United States are considered by G H. Ashley particularly with reference to their possible utilization as a source of potash, for their green color is due to their content of glauconite, a mineral that usually carries about 7 per cent. of potash, although the sands as a whole contain somewhat less of this useful alkali. An interesting paper on Strontianit Deposits near Barstow, Cal.," by Adolph Knopf, forms part of the volume. Strontianite has been successfully used in the recovery of sugar from beetsugar molasses, large quantities of the molasses being unavoidably produced in the manufacture of beet sugar. Among the mining districts described in this bulletin are the Cuyuna iron district, Minn., by E. C. Harder and A. W. Johnston; the Kings Mountain tin district, N. C. and S. C., by Arthur Keith and D. B. Sterrett; the northwestern part of the Garnet Range and the Dunklebery district, Mont., by J. T. Pardee; and the Arabia district, Nev., by Adolph Knopf.

The bulletin which consists of about 300 pages and contains a number of small maps and line illustrations, may be obtained on application to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

SUMMER BIOLOGICAL STATIONS

THE University of Michigan will maintain its biological station for instruction and research for the eleventh session during the eight weeks from June 30 to August 22. This station is situated on the shores of Douglas Lake, near Pellston, Mich., about twenty miles northeast of Petoskey, in the famous summer playground of northern Michigan. It is, however, well isolated from the summer resorts and the resort crowds. The personnel of the teaching staff is as follows: In zoology, Professors La Rue and Welch, of the University of Michigan, Professor Frank Smith, of the University of Illinois, and Mr. Dayton Stoner, of the State University of Iowa; in botany, Professor Gates and Dr. Ehlers, of the University of

Michigan, and Professor Quick, of De Pauw University. Courses are offered in entomology, ornithology, vertebrate zoology, ecology of invertebrate animals, systematic botany, plant ecology and plant anatomy, all but the last requiring a large amount of field work. Opportunity for investigation is offered to a limited number of investigators upon payment of nominal fees. For further information address George R. La Rue, director, the Biological Station, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Dr. Raymond C. Osburn, head of the department of zoology and entomology in Ohio State University, has been appointed director of the Lake Laboratory. The 1919 session of the laboratory will be held from June 23 to August 2, a period of six weeks. The laboratory is now located at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, which is on an island in Lake Erie several miles from the mainland. It is easily reached by steamer from Cleveland, Sandusky and Detroit. Cooperation with the State Fish and Game Commission of Ohio during the 1918 session proved satisfactory to both the laboratory and the commission and the arrangement will be continued. A course on the fishes of Lake Erie will be given by Professor Osburn. Members of the staff will be Dr. F. H. Krecker, the acting director, Ohio State University, who will offer a course in animal ecology; Professor S. R. Williams, of Miami University, who is in charge of invertebrate morphology; Professor M. E. Stickney, of Denison University, who gives work in plant ecology, and Dr. Edna Mosher, who is in charge of entomology. Surveys made last summer showed that the region was exceptionally well suited to the requirements of the laboratory. The fauna and flora are abundant and offer a wide field for research along a number of important lines. Independent workers will be cordially welcomed and given laboratory accommodations without charge.

An illustrated booklet has recently been issued descriptive of the work and environment of the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory. This station was founded by alumni of the University of Iowa on Lake Okoboji in 1909.