JOHN P. CAMPBELL, for thirty years professor of biology in the University of Georgia, died on December 3. A correspondent writes that he was eminently a successful teacher and will be remembered by a large number of students whom he inspired. Le Conte Hall, erected in 1906 on the University of Georgia campus, is said to have been the first building in the south dedicated from the start to biological work.

WE learn from the Journal of the American Medical Association that the July-August number of the handsome journal issued by the national public health authorities of Cuba is entitled "Numero extraordinario en homenaje a la memorial de Dr. Carlos J. Finlay," on the anniversary of his death. It contains 197 pages with a photograph of Dr. Finlay and of the monument with his portrait bust which has been installed in the court of the headquarters of the public health department, the Secretaria de Sanidad y Beneficencia. All Finlay's scientific works are reproduced or summarized, from 1865 to 1912. His communication on the transmission of yellow fever through an intermediary agent was presented to the International Sanitary Conference at Washington, D. C., in 1881. He did not specify the mosquito in that communication, but did this in his address before the Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas y Naturales, at Havana, August 14, 1881. His address was republished in English and Spanish with the title "The mosquito hypothetically considered as an agent of transmission of yellow fever."

THE annual general meeting of the American Philosophical Society will be held from April 24 to 26, beginning at 2 P.M. on Thursday, April 24.

JOHN A. ROEBLING, of Bernardsville, New Jersey, has offered the British Museum a gift of five $1,000 bonds of the United States Liberty Loan, which is unaccompanied by conditions of any kind and is intended as a mark of community of sympathy which unites England and America. The trustees have accepted the gift and will consider to what purpose it may be most appropriately applied.

THE trustees of the British Museum are considering the question of reopening those parts of the museum which have been closed during the war, and of bringing out the treasures which have been stored in the basement. This may take some time, however, as one wing of the building is being used as the offices of a government department, and many of the exhibits are heavily sandbagged, and labor for uncovering them is not yet available.

WE learn from Nature that the British Scientific Instrument Research Association, one of the earliest associations formed under the scheme of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, has secured premises at 26 Russell Square, W.C., 1, where offices and research laboratories will be equipped. The first chairman of the association was Mr. A. S. Esslemont, whose recent lamented death has been a severe loss to the association. The council has elected Mr. H. A. Colefax, K.C., as chairman to fill the vacancy. The vicechairman is Mr. Conrad Beck, to whose energy and personal influence is largely due the successful formation of the association. Almost all the leading optical and scientific instrument manufacturers are members. The department of scientific and industrial research is represented by Major C. J. Stewart, Captain F. O. Creagh-Osborne, R. N., Mr. S. W. Morrison, Colonel R. E. Home, R. A., and Mr. Percy Ashley. The council has recently coopted as members of its body the Hon. Sir Charles A. Parsons, F.R.S., and Professor J. W. Nicholson, F.R.S. Sir Herbert Jackson, K. B. E., F.R.S., has been appointed director of research and Mr. J. W. Williamson secretary of the association.

WE learn from the London Times that the Salters' Company have issued a circular giving the outline of the Salters' Institute, now being founded to promote research in industrial chemistry, and to train students. An important part of the scheme is the foundation of Post-Graduate Fellowships. The new organization will be called "The Salters Institute of Industrial Chemistry," and for the

present will be located at the Salters' Hall, St. Swithin's-lane, E.C. This first business will be the appointment of a director, who must possess an exceptional knowledge of scientific and industrial chemistry. Among other things, the director will make arrangements between manufacturers and students and universities for the investigation of any particular problems requiring research, and give practical advice and information to those who are, or intend to become, industrial chemists, and especially to men whose careers have been interrupted or affected by naval, military, or national service. The Salters' Company will establish two types of fellowships for which post-graduate students of any recognized university will be eligible. The two classes are (a) fellowships to enable post-graduate students to continue their studies at an approved university or other institution under the general supervision of the director, (b) industrial fellowships to enable suitably equipped chemists to carry on research for any particular manufacturer, under an agreement which will be entered into between the institute, the manufacturer, and the fellow. Grants in aid may also be made to a certain number of persons who desire to improve themselves in the knowledge of their particular work by attending technical establishments or evening classes, at which they can obtain a better grasp of their subject.

AT the session of the American Medical Association last June, a petition signed by a large number of the leading neurologists and psychiatrists of the United States and Canada was presented to the board of trustees, asking that the association publish a journal to be devoted to nervous and mental diseases, on a plan similar to that on which the Archives of Internal Medicine and the American Journal of Diseases of Children are published. The board held the matter under advisement until its October meeting, at which time it acted favorably on the petition, and authorized the publication of such a journal. The journal will be known as the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. The following were appointed

as the editorial board: Dr. Pearce Bailey, New York, adjunct professor and assistant professor of neurology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Dr. Augustus Hoch, now of Montecito, Calif., formerly professor of clinical medicine, department of psycho-pathology at Cornell University Medical College; Dr. Hugh T. Patrick, Chicago, clinical professor of nervous and mental diseases, Northwestern University Medical School; Dr. E. E. Southard, Boston, professor of neurology, Medical School of Harvard University; Dr. Frederick Tilney, professor of neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Dr. T. H. Weisenburg, Philadelphia, professor of neuro-pathology and clinical neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL
NEWS

A GIFT of $100,000 to the University of Chicago for the erection of a building, preferably an administration building, was announced at the One Hundred and Ninth Convocation, the donor being Andrew MacLeish, vice-president of the university board of trustees. This is but one of a long list of benefactions for which the university is indebted to Mr. MacLeish.

SINCE building restrictions have been removed by the government, the erection of a number of new buildings, long in contemplation for the University of Tennessee, probably will be begun shortly.

ONE of the engineering buildings at the Pennsylvania State College was recently destroyed by fire, affecting the departments of industrial and mechanical engineering. A new building was just being completed and a second one has been begun. Temporary provision has been made for a forge shop and the steam engineering laboratory. Plans for other permanent buildings are being considered.

AN International Committee for the Restoration of the University of Louvain has

DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE LANTERN SLIDES OF NORTHERN FRANCE

In response to a request from the National War Work Council, Y. M. C. A., for a set of lantern slides to illustrate their cantonment lectures on northern France, I began last June to search for photographs in various official and commercial collections by which the French views in the Gardner photograph collection of Harvard University might be supplemented. The search soon proving unsuccessful, a list of desired views was sent to Professor Lucien Gallois of the University of Paris, in the hope that he might be able to supply them: but he was just then called out with others to aid refugees who had been driven from their homes by the German advance to Château-Thierry on the Marne; and not until October was a shipment of 69 negatives received from him, representing the best selection that he could make under conditions as then limited. Since then a further delay in announcing the series has been occasioned by waiting for some admirable photographs taken during his service in France and lately brought home by Major Douglas W. Johnson.

The series of slides thus formed contains views of unequal value, some being reproduced from half-tone prints; but it represents the best collection I have been able to bring together. The happy coming of the armistice and the resulting dismemberment of the S. A. T. C.'s make the present announcement of the series rather out of season; but as the geography of northern France is likely to be a subject of general collegiate interest for some time to come the slides may be taken as "better late than never." The negatives have

'been placed in the hands of Mr. B. S. Turpin, 491 Boylston St., Boston, Mass., from whom a list of the slides with statement of cost may be obtained. All correspondence should be addressed to Mr. Turpin.

Good photographs of the following districts are much desired for the improvement of the series: General view of uplands adjoining the valley of the Somme, east of Amiens; uplands near Paris; general view of Laon, showing city on hill surmounting plain; general view of Rheims; escarpment of the first upland belt, southwest of Rheims; valley of the Meuse at Verdun; general view of Nancy; valley of the Orne in west slope of the fifth upland belt; escarpment at the notch of Saverne, looking north; general views in Lorraine east of Metz and of Nancy; view of the Vosges, looking west from the plain of Alsace; view of the plain of Alsace, from the foothills of the Vosges.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

W. M. DAVIS

BIOLOGICAL LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

THE German people have seen to it that the scientific literature of the world has been printed in German, that their people may have access to it. Other peoples have not done this, and the result is that the scientific world has been forced to know German. It has become the habit of most of our English and American scientists, as well as those in other countries, to publish their discoveries first in German and then (if they get to it) to publish in their own language.

A few years ago, when desiring an English translation of Fruwirth's "Die Büchtung der landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen," a fourvolume work on the breeding of field crops, the present writer located translators, took up the matter with the publisher, Paul Parey of Berlin, and looked for an English publisher. The American publishing houses agreed that the data should be in English, but considered that they would not sell enough copies to pay for the undertaking.

Is it not about time that the English-speaking people see to it that the scientific literature

be published in English? Germany has furnished public funds when the publisher of technical data was not able to sell enough copies to make a profit. Can't the English people do as well?

The population of Germany was less than 67,000,000 before the war, and suppose that we consider the German-speaking people to be 100,000,000, we find that the United States of America alone has over 100,000,000 people. If we add to this the British Empire with about 438,000,000 we find it likely that about five times as many people speak English as speak German. There is more reason to have the world's scientific literature in English than to have it in German.

We, as biologists, do not realize how completely Germany had our scientific confidence until we pick up a work like the "International Catalogue of Scientific Literature," published in London. Turning to section L of this index, which is general biology, we find that of the 286 journals being quoted from before the war, 169 were German, 49 English, 25 Russian, 14 French, 10 Dutch, 8 Danish, 6 Hungarian, 3 Polish and 2 Swedish. In the German list have been placed the 20 Austrian journals, which are essentially German, 5 printed in Switzerland and 2 in Poland. Of the 49 English journals, 36 are printed in the United States. The French journals are scattered. Three are printed in Switzerland, two in Russia and one in Poland.

EAST LANSING, MICH.

FRANK A. SPRAGG

A FLOWING ARTESIAN WELL AT WINSLOW,

MAINE

WINSLOW, Maine, is situated on the east bank of the Kennebec River about 83 miles north of Portland. It is directly opposite the city of Waterville, and the buildings of Colby College look across the river upon the artesian area to be described.

The Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, on whose property the flowing well is, has drilled seventeen wells in the last nineteen years. The first series was drilled in 1899 and is described

in Water Supply Paper 223.1 At this time there were seven wells from 110 to 125 feet deep.2 These are said to have gradually filled with sand, until in 1906 they were about 90 feet deep. At this time they were abandoned because of insufficient supply for the purpose desired and river water substituted.

Since the paper referred to above was written, and especially in the last five years, the company has shown renewed interest in drilled wells. In 1913-'14 four wells were drilled with depths of 240, 250, 277 and 260 feet; in 1916 two, with depths of 306 and 269; in 1917 most of the wells drilled in 1899 were again brought into use; and in 1918 four wells were added which were 315, 286,308 and 317 feet in depth. The total water supply of these wells, by pumping, is estimated at 275,000-300,000 gallons in 24 hours. The casing, in most instances at least, is six-inch. The water is utilized for making acid used in the manufacture of sulphite pulp."

Successful drilled wells are rather common in the slate area of southern Maine; 88 per cent. of those undertaken furnish at least a gallon a minute according to Clapp. Flowing wells in slate are far less common and when struck seldom furnish over three gallons a minute. Previously to the one described below none were known in Kennebec county and probably none within a radius of over 50 miles. The well 286 feet deep drilled for the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company is 1918 is therefore of special interest since it is a flowing well. A photograph furnished me shows the water flowing from a vertical six-inch casing at a height of about three feet above the ground. This flow, without pumping, was estimated to be about 60 gallons per minute; certainly, as can be seen from the photograph,

it is far above the average given by Clapp for wells of this type in Maine. So far as I can learn, no test was made to see how far above the surface the pressure would raise the water. An interesting fact is that the 315-foot well drilled in the same year was a flowing well until the 286-well was drilled; when this began to flow, the other ceased. It would seem, therefore, that these two, at least, have a common joint plane or system of joint planes as their reservoir. This is in spite of the fact that in the later wells care was taken to space the wells a hundred feet or more apart to avoid this very thing.

Conditions adjoining these wells are such that it is not strange that an occasional flowing well should be encountered. The mills are situated on a fragment of a terrace about 80 feet above sea level. Back of them is an abrupt rise of about 80 feet to another terrace. The face of the scarp is of clay, but the slate rises through the terrace at elevations above about 160 feet. Wells drilled in the face of the scarp strike ledge after passing through 10 or 15 feet of clay showing a gradual rise of the slate underneath the terrace as though marking the bank of a pre-glacial valley of more mature development. A small stream flowing down the scarp shows the same feature. This rise of the slate ledge behind the mills offers as favorable conditions as could be expected for a flowing well in a region where the reservoir consists of the joint planes of a comparatively localized area, as is generally considered to be the case in wells of this type.

It may be of interest to mention briefly a well drilled recently for the Waterville Country Club located about four miles west of those just described and in the town of Oakland. This contrasts with the Winslow wells in that it is on the summit of an almost bare slate hill 440 feet high, the highest point for several miles. Yet a well drilled here yielded a little water at 10-15 feet, and a sufficient supply at 147 feet. It was decided to continue to 150 feet, and just before reaching that • The present course of the Kennebec River through Waterville-Winslow is between vertical slate walls.

Principles and Practise of Milk Hygiene. By LOUIS A. KLEIN. Philadelphia and London, J. B. Lippincott Company. 1917. Pp. 320, with 40 illustrations.

The book is intended primarily as a text for students pursuing a course in milk hygiene, but should serve a much broader purpose. It presents a well-balanced and concise résumé of facts which have an important bearing on the production of wholesome milk.

The work of others is drawn upon liberally, rather than the author's own theories and experiences, and parts of the book are replete with valuable references. The subject matter is divided into nine chapters, namely; Physiology of Milk Secretion, Colostrum, Milk, Bacteria in Milk, Milk Defects, Influence of Disease upon Milk, Dairy Farm Inspection, Pasteurization, and Methods of Examining Milk. There is also an appendix of 18 pages on Methods and Standards for the Production and distribution of Certified Milk.

A large part of Chapter VI. is given over to a discussion of tuberculosis of cows and transmission of infection to man through the milk. The theories and experimental facts leading up to the present status of the controversy are illuminating from the standpoint of completeness and organization. The hand of the veterinary pathologist may be seen in the descriptions of symptoms and pathology of bovine diseases, especially of the udder and related organs.

Chemistry and bacteriology also receive their due share of attention. The restricted emphasis put on the bacteriological methods of controlling sanitary milk production will be perhaps somewhat disappointing to those who regard the enumeration of bacteria by the direct microscopic or the plating process as of inestimable value. Correspondingly undue em