Basic Statistics and Epidemiology: A Practical GuideRadcliffe Publishing, 2007 - 168 lappuses Most healthcare professionals need to be able to read and understand clinical evidence, and make a judgement on what treatments are effective. To do this, they need a basic grounding in statistics and epidemiology. These are areas which many people find hard to understand, fear or find distinctly uncomfortable. However, readers of this book will find it stimulates their interest and helps them understand the basics quickly and simply. It provides every doctor, nurse, health manager, researcher and student with a concise, practical guide. This straightforward primer in basic statistics emphasises its practical use in epidemiology and public health, providing understanding of essential topics such as study design, data analysis and statistical methods used in the execution of medical research. This new Edition includes fresh sections on Correlation and Linear Regression, as well as brand new exercises reflecting current working life. Clearly worded and assuming no prior knowledge, it gives full step-by-step guidance on performing statistical calculations. Illustrated by numerous examples, and containing exercises with detailed answers, it will help readers grasp the main points of these complex subjects with ease. |
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Saturs
What are statistics? | 1 |
Populations and samples | 3 |
Random sampling | 7 |
Presenting data | 11 |
Frequencies percentages proportions and rates | 15 |
Types of data | 19 |
Mean median and mode | 23 |
Centiles 27 29 33 35 39 43 47 51 57 | 27 |
Hypothesis tests and Pvalues | 47 |
The ttest | 51 |
Parametric and nonparametric tests | 57 |
Correlation and regression | 59 |
Chisquared test | 73 |
Measuring disease frequency | 87 |
Prevalence studies | 103 |
Randomised controlled trials | 119 |
Standard deviation | 31 |
Standard error | 33 |
Normal distribution | 35 |
Condence intervals 13 Probability | 43 |
Glossary of terms | 133 |
Answers to exercises | 149 |
163 | |
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a+b+c+d absolute risk age and BMD age groups alcohol consumption allocated attributable risk bacterial vaginosis bias called cancer case-control studies cell centile Chapter Chi-squared test clinic cohort study column compared confidence interval confounding correlation coefficient death rate decimal places diabetic retinopathy diastolic blood pressure disease drug Epidemiology example expected deaths expected frequencies exposed exposure Figure frequency distribution HbA1c Health Authority i.e. BMD i.e. Total QOF investigate large samples linear regression measure median Mediwell methods needed to treat negative normal distribution null hypothesis number needed number of deaths odds ratio outcomes P-value possible predicted probability proportion QOF points questionnaire random number random sample randomised controlled trials relative risk result risk factor sample mean scatterplot screening programme screening test selected shown in Table simple random sample standard deviation standard error standard population standardised statistical significance study population t-distribution t-test total number treatment group two-tailed variable women z-score