die belonging to the same; and fig. 17, is a sectional elevation, showing the cutter just about to operate upon the piece of metal o. All these tools or dies and punches may be mounted in an ordinary fly press, and worked by hand or steam power, as desired.

Having thus produced the necessary parts for forming the hinges, I proceed to drill the holes for the centre pins, and the screw holes in the wings, and complete the hinge by fitting the parts together in the usual manner.

Having now particularly described my invention, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as my invention, and secured to me by the above in part recited Letters Patent, is the making or manufacturing of metal hinges for doors and other purposes from out of the above described peculiarly shaped or formed strips or lengths of metal, such strips or forms being produced in malleable iron, or in brass, or copper, or such metal or mixtures of metals, by rolling, swaging, or drawing.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, December, 1836.]

Specification drawn by Messrs, Newton and Berry,

To JAMES HELLEWELL, of Springfield-lane, in the borough of Salford, and county of Lancaster, dyer, for his invention of an improved process or manufacture, whereby the texture of cotton, and certain other fubrics and materials, may be rendered impervious to water.[Sealed 28th November, 1835.]

THESE improvements, in the process whereby the texture of cotton and certain other fabrics and materials may be rendered impervious to water, consist in steep

ing the fabric, intended to be made waterproof, ju a peculiar solution, which has been previously prepared for the purpose, in vats or cisterns of any required dimensions and material, and which are to be situated in any convenient position, so as to carry on the process to the required extent, and in the most advantageous and convenient manner to the operator. It is generally known that the waterproof cloths which have been found superior to others, and which have been mostly adopted for the purposes of wearing apparel and other similar uses, are composed of two pieces of material cemented together with a preparation of caoutchouc, or other material, and thereby rendered totally impervious to air as well as water, which fabrics (usually called "double texture") are exceedingly detrimental and repulsive to the action of natural perspiration, to obviate which defects my improvements are principally designed, and the expense of rendering manufactured articles perfectly waterproof is greatly reduced by their being of single texture only, and merely steeped or saturated in the solution hereafter described, which is found to make it repel the action of the water, and prevent its running through the fabric, and at the same time leaving the fibres of the cloth sufficiently open to allow the necessary passage of air.

I presume, as the principal feature of novelty and improvement is now understood, and the object of my invention sufficiently explained, a description of the ingredients and their relative quantities will only be needful to render my invention fully and most perfectly understood; and as by experience I have found that dyers, and persons accustomed to use such like processes, in general mix their solutions with particular regard to the weight of the manufactured material to be

steeped therein, and without any reference to its length or width (which is always so much more variable than its weight), I shall describe my process in pursuit of the same plan, being most approved, and generally found the most correct. The mixture of ingredients I have hereafter described, will be found the best quantity in which to saturate or steep fabrics to the weight of 1000lbs. avoirdupoise. When the cisterns or vats have been previously disposed so as to contain the proper quantities of materials, mix in one large vessel (which may be subsequently divided) about 200 gallons of water with about 120lbs. of common alum in its crystalized state, commonly called rock alum, and for the purpose of rapid dissolution, I prefer that the alum should be previously ground or pulverized; to this mixture add, in small quantities, about 80lbs. of common whiting (chalk cleared of impurities, and ground in a mill). It will now be found by this addition, a considerable effervescing action has taken place, and a chemical change has also been effected, whereby the sulphuric acid, of which the alum principally consists, is perfectly destroyed, and the alumina, which is the residuum I require, left entire; now the alumina being in a state of solution, and remaining with the water, the whiting and other unnecessary parts will precipitate and remain at the bottom of the vessel; when entirely cold the liquor may be drawn off, leaving the impurities and sediment in the vessel in which the preparation has been made, and in this state is ready for immediate use. The cloth or fabric intended to be saturated is now to be introduced into suitable vessels containing the above-mentioned solution, and either allowed to remain, to be thoroughly steeped, or merely passed through the solution, as found most convenient,

provided that the cloth is sufficiently saturated. I also wish it to be understood that I have found acetate of lead (sugar of lead) to have the same effect in destroying the sulphuric acid contained in the alum, but it is much more expensive, besides leaving a quantity of acetic acid in the solution, which will be found injurious to many colours, of which the fabrics may happen to have been dyed. The cloth is now to be taken to a vat or vessel containing a mixture of water with common yellow soap, allowing about 3lbs. of soap to every 50lbs. of cloth, and to be mixed with about 30 gallons of water, either more or less, as shall be found by the experience of the operative to have the desired effect; the soap may either be dissolved by boiling, or cut into pieces and boiling water poured on to it, and when it has cooled to about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the cloth is to be passed quickly through the solution in the most convenient manner. This part of the process is for the purpose of strengthening the repellant qualities of the cloth, which have been subjected to previous saturation, and fastening the alumina, which has been taken up by the cloth during the former process, that is, preventing it from being washed out or destroyed. By way of cleansing the fabric, which is now rendered perfectly repellant and impervious to water, from any impurities, such as the soap-lees or other extraneous matter which it may have taken up during its passage through the processes above described, I now pass the same through cisterns of clear water, in any convenient manner, and after being dried the cloths are ready for use, some qualitics of which may require to be finished or calendered in the usual manner. Although the principal object of this invention is intended to be used for such goods or materials as are manufactured

from cotton, I wish it to be understood that I will not confine myself to that fabric alone, as it must be evident that wool, silk, linen, or any other fibrous substance, may be subjected to similar processes with the same advantageous effect. Nor do I mean to confine my claim to the use of the precise quantities here specified, as they are mentioned merely for illustration, and are such as I have found to be most convenient and beneficial.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, May,

1836.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.

To JOHN HALL the younger, of Dartford, in the county of Kent, engineer, in consequence of a communication made to him from a foreigner residing abroad, for an improvement in machinery used in the manufacture of paper.-[Sealed 3d August, 1831.]

THIS is an apparatus to be introduced into the engine in which rags are beaten when converting them into pulp for making paper. It is a cylindrical strainer, capable of drawing off the dirty water from the engine, and yet preventing the escape of the fibres of the rags, which, without such an apparatus, are subject to pass off with the water, and thereby become wasted.

The strainer is constructed of three or more rings affixed to an axle, which are connected together by longitudinal rods or bars placed parallel to the axle round the rings, thereby forming an open drum or lantern cylinder, the periphery of which is to be covered with wire gauze. This cylinder, when so constructed, is mounted in the water-way, or elliptical vessel, of the