thereby made to slide the clutch f, on the tappet shaft G, and to move the tappets g, out of action which before worked the pecker levers; hence the action of the shuttle is suspended, and the forceps alone draw the bristles for weft. If, however, the work is to consist of ordinary thread weft from the shuttle, as well as bristles drawn in by the forceps, then this clutch apparatus is altogether dispensed with.

The notch in the cam w, allowing the end of the lever to come forward, a horizontal rod h, see fig. 3, is drawn with it, which brings forward a catch i, that locks the lever 1, and prevents the bolt k, being acted upon by the face cam wheel m. This part of the apparatus is brought into operation for the production of the plain parts of the fabric.

It will be perceived that these parts of the loom for varying the kind of work may be changed in different ways, and effected by different sorts of mechanism. I, therefore, do not intend to confine myself to their exact position, forms, or dimensions, as those matters must depend upon the kind or quality of work to be produced; but I claim, as my invention, secured to me by the above in part recited Letters Patent, the application to powerlooms of the parts and appendages for holding the bristles, wires, hairs, whalebone, reeds, straws, cane, or other materials, and conveying them between the warp threads, or into the web or fabric; and the necessary parts for stopping or changing the operation of the same, and also of the shuttle, for the purpose of weaving different proportions of such materials into the web or fabric, and stopping the introduction of the said materials when sufficient length has been made, and then weaving plain web or fabric. A power loom, when these parts are properly applied and combined there

with, being capable of weaving such fabric without the necessity of the hands of the attendant or workman being used for introducing the materials into the web or fabric.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, June, 1836.] Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.

TO JOEL LIVESEY, of Bury, in the county of Lancaster, cotton-spinner, for his invention of improvements in machinery used for spinning, preparing and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances.-[Sealed 10th November, 1836.]

THIS invention applies principally to that construction of spinning machine called a throstle, and is designed in the event of any of the yarns breaking between the front drawing rollers and the spindle flyers, to prevent such broken ends of the yarns lapping round the front drawing rollers, by the adaptation of a roller covered with cloth or other rough surface, which is to be kept in contact with the under surface of the front drawing rollers, by means of springs or by a weighted lever, for the purpose of taking up such broken ends of yarn and lapping them round itself.

The Patentee describes his invention as consisting in the application to the front drawing rollers of such spinning machinery, of a moving surface of woollen cloth or any such material, by means of which the lapping or accumulation of roving yarns or threads round the front drawing rollers are avoided when a thread breaks, and which also prevents the very common occurrence of the broken end interfering and entangling with the other threads; and further, it is said this

improvement renders the piecing or joining of the broken yarns more perfect, because it is effected with the exact amount of roving, thread, or yarn delivered from the front drawing rollers, the lapping being taken up by the under clearing surface, where it can remain until the attendant has leisure to remove it; and it is said that this allows the piecing to be performed more expeditiously, and fewer hands are, therefore, required.

Plate XI., fig. 7, represents in section that part of a throstle frame which is called the drawing apparatus; a, b, c, are three pairs of drawing rollers, between which the rovings of cotton or other fibrous materials are passed in the usual way from the spools in the creel above, and delivered in the drawer, that is, in an extended or refined state from the front rollers e, to the bobbins and flyer below. A roller d, called the under clearer, is covered with cloth or some other suitable material, and mounted upon weighted levers e. As these levers hang upon fulcrum pivots in the standards f, the weights g, keep the roller d, in contact with the periphery of the lower front delivering rollers c, and thereby cause the clearing roller d, to turn with them. In the event of the descending yarn breaking between the delivering rollers and the flyer, the rough surface of the clearing roller d, takes hold of the broken end of the yarn, and laps the yarn round itself until released by the attendant.

The manner of applying the under clearer, as shown in the figure, is to be considered only as one mode of adapting it to drawing and spinning machinery, as the Patentee says that he is well aware it may be variously modified by the adoption of springs instead of levers, and even by the employment of a moving surface of woollen or similar substance; but that which he claims

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as his invention, is the construction and application of a revolving clearer to the surface of the under front or delivering roller of such machinery.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1837.]

To LUKE HEBERT, of Paternoster-row, in the city of London, civil-engineer, for his invention of certain improvements in machines or apparatus for, and in the process of, manufacturing bread from grain; and the application of other products, or another product thereof, to certain useful purposes.-[Sealed 24th January, 1833.]

THE subjects comprehended under this patent, embrace a series of apparatus and machinery to be employed for producing bread from corn, commencing with a process for cleaning foul grain, which is effected by washing and scouring; the grain is then dried in a hot-air apparatus, and afterwards ground and sifted in a peculiar construction of mill. Then follows a machine for kneading the flour into dough for making bread, to which is connected an apparatus for generating carbonic acid gas for the purpose of impregnating the dough with what is commonly called fixed air, instead of working it in the ordinary way by yeast; or, in the event of making sea bread (biscuit), another kind of machinery is employed for kneading the dough, from whence it is rolled out and cut into the forms of biscuits. The next machinery in succession is, a moveable platform for carrying the bread when made forward into the oven, and for withdrawing it when baked. The construction of the oven is also novel, and the method of heating it either by hot air or steam.

The following is the Patentee's description of his invention, with some slight variations in the language, and curtailments of the matter, which, in the original specification, is of very considerable length:

As much of the grain which is brought to market is found to be in a foul state, from a variety of causes, I prepare the grain for the subsequent operations of making into bread, by cleansing it from impurities, by scour ing, washing, and separating in a machine, of which Plate XII., fig. 1, represents a section. Into a barrel or cylinder a, of any adequate dimensions, I put, through a door b, three parts of grain, together with one part of very coarse sharp sand, or fragments of buhr stone, or flint, duly sifted, so that they shall freely pass through a mesh that will detain the grain; I then fasten the door, and by means of a winch on the axis, or other convenient means, according to circumstances, I cause the barrel to rotate, and by the action of the sharp sand interposed amongst the grain, to scour off the impurities on the surfaces of the latter. When this scouring operation is completed, I bring the door of the barrel to its lowest side, and discharge its contents into a large rectangular flat sieve c, which is immersed just under the surface of a large body of water contained in a bath d.

The barrel now empty is to be re-charged with grain and coarse sand, as before, and the scouring recommenced; the rotation of the cylinder, by which this operation is effected, it should now be observed, is made to agitate the sieve c, through the medium of a pulley e, shown in the transverse section fig. 2, on the axis of the barrel, and an endless cord or chain ff, which passes round two guide pulleys g, g, and by these it is conducted, in a horizontal direction, around a fourth pulley h; which fourth pulley revolves in a