Notes of less than one dollar not to be issued. R. S., s. 3583. Conducting postoffice without authority. R. S., s. 3829. Illegal carrying by carriers and others. R. S., s. 2981. SEC. 178. No person shall make, issue, circulate, or pay out any note, check, memorandum, token, or other obligation for a less sum than one dollar, intended to circulate as money or to be received or used in lieu of lawful money of the United States; and every person so offending shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. 192. Breaking into and entering post- 193. Unlawfully entering postal car, etc. 196. Postmaster, etc., detaining or de- 200. Delivery of letters by master of ves- 201. Obstructing the mail. 202. Ferryman delaying the mail. Sec. 205. Using, selling, etc., canceled stamps; removing cancellation marks from stamps, etc. 206. False returns to increase compensa tion. 207. Collection of unlawful postage for-. bidden. 208. Unlawful pledging or sale of stamps. 209. Failure to account for postage and to cancel stamps, etc., by officials. 210. Issuing money order without pay ment. 211. Obscene, etc., matter non-mailable. 212. Libelous and indecent wrappers and envelopes. 213. Lottery, gift enterprise, etc., circu- 214. Postmasters not to be lottery agents. 217. Poisons and explosives non-mail- 218. Counterfeiting money orders. SEC. 179. Whoever, without authority from the Postmaster-General, shall set up or profess to keep any office or place of business bearing the sign, name, or title of post-office, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars. SEC. 180. Whoever, being concerned in carrying the mail, shall collect, receive, or carry any letter or packet, or cause or procure the same to be done, contrary to law, shall be fined not more than fifty A. G. McVeagh, June dollars, or imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both. 4 A. G. Op., 276; Op. 29, 1881. Conveyance of mail bidden. R. S., s. 3982. Supp., 245. 1 SEC. 181. Whoever shall establish any private express for the conveyance of letters or packets, or in any manner cause or provide for private express forthe conveyance of the same by regular trips or at stated periods over any post route which is or may be established by law, or from any city, town, or place, to any other city, town, or place, between which L., 35, c. 180, s. 1; 1 the mail is regularly carried, or whoever shall aid or assist therein Mar. 1884, 23 Stat. shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not U. S. . Bromley, 12 more than six months, or both: Provided, That nothing contained in Adams, West, L. J., this section shall be construed as prohibiting any person from receiving 315, 24 Fed. Cas., 761 and delivering to the nearest post-office, postal car, or other author- Reg. U.S., 227, 26 Fed. ized depository for mail matter, any mail matter properly stamped. L., 3, c. 9; 1 Supp., 423; 1 U. S. U. S. v. Gray, 3 Hug. Cas.. 18; U. S. v. Hall, 9 Am. L. Reg., 232, 26 Fed. Cas., 75; U. S. v. Kimball, 7 Law Rep., 32, 26 Fed. Cas., 782; U. S. v. Kochersparger, 9 Am. L. R. S., s. 3983. per SEC. 182. Whoever, being the owner, driver, conductor, master, sons unlawfully conor other person having charge of any stagecoach, railway car, steam- veying mail. boat, or other vehicle or vessel, shall knowingly convey or knowingly permit the conveyance of any person acting or employed as a private express for the conveyance of letters or packets, and actually in possession of the same for the purpose of conveying them, contrary to law, shall be fined not more than one hundred and fifty dollars. Sending letters by private express. R. S., s. 3984. Conveying letters R. S., s. 3985. SEC. 183. Whoever shall transmit by private express or other unlawful means, or deliver to any agent thereof, or deposit or cause to be deposited at any appointed place, for the purpose of being so transmitted, any letter or packet, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars. SEC. 184. Whoever, being the owner, driver, conductor, master, or other person having charge of any stagecoach, railway car, steam- over post routes. boat, or conveyance of any kind which regularly performs trips at stated periods on any post route, or from any city, town, or place to any other city, town, or place between which the mail is regularly U.S. . U.S. Exp. Co., carried, and which shall carry, otherwise than in the mail, any letters 5Biss., 91; 28 Fed. Cas., or packets, except such as relate to some part of the cargo of such steamboat or other vessel, to the current business of the carrier, or to some article carried at the same time by the same stagecoach, railway car, or other vehicle, except as otherwise provided by law, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars. 4 A.G. Op., 159; ibid., 276: 21 A. G. Op., 394; 352. R. S., s. 3986. out SEC. 185. Whoever shall carry any letter or packet on board any Carrying letters and vessel which carries the mail, otherwise than in such mail, except as vessel. otherwise provided by law, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, or imprisoned not more than one month, or both. SEC. 186. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit, the conveyance or transmission of letters or packets by private hands without compensation, or by special messenger employed for the particular occasion only. SEC. 187. Whoever, not being connected with the letter-carrier Wearing uniform of branch of the postal service, shall wear the uniform or badge which may be prescribed by the Postmaster-General, to be worn by letter carriers, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. R. S., s. 3867. Vehicles, etc., SEC. 188. It shall be unlawful to paint, print, or in any manner to claiming to be mail place upon or attach to any steamboat or other vessel, or any car, stage- carriers. coach, vehicle, or other conveyance, not actually used in carrying the R. S., s. 3979. mail, the words "United States Mail," or any words, letters, or characters of like import; or to give notice, by publishing in any newspaper or otherwise, that any steamboat or other vessel, or any car, stage-coach, vehicle, or other conveyance, is used in carrying the mail, when the same is not actually so used; and every person who shall violate, and every owner, receiver, lessee, or managing operator thereof, Injuring mail bags, etc. R. S., s. 5476. Stealing post-office property. R. S., s. 5475. U. S. v. Williams, 57 Fed. Rep., 201; U. S. v.Yennie, 74 Fed. Rep., 221. Stealing or forging mail locks or keys. R. S., s. 5477. Breaking into and entering post-office. R. S., s. 5478. U. S. v. Campbell, 16 who shall cause, suffer, or permit the violation of any provision of this section, shall be liable, and shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. SEC. 189. Whoever shall tear, cut, or otherwise injure any mail bag, pouch, or other thing used or designed for use in the conveyance of the mail, or shall draw or break any staple or loosen any part of any lock, chain, or strap attached thereto, with intent to rob or steal any such mail, or to render the same insecure, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. SEC. 190. Whoever shall steal, purloin, or embezzle any mail bag or other property in use by or belonging to the Post-Office Department, or shall appropriate any such property to his own or any other than its proper use, or shall convey away any such property to the hindrance or detriment of the public service, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. SEC. 191. Whoever shall steal, purloin, embezzle, or obtain by any false pretense, or shall aid or assist in stealing, purloining, embezzling, or obtaining by any false pretense, any key suited to any lock adopted by the Post-Office Department and in use on any of the mails or bags thereof, or any key to any lock box, lock drawer, or other authorized receptacle for the deposit or delivery of mail matter; or whoever shall knowingly and unlawfully make, forge, or counterfeit, or cause to be unlawfully made, forged, or counterfeited, any such key, or shall have in his possession any such mail lock or key with the intent unlawfully or improperly to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of the same, or to cause the same to be unlawfully or improperly used, sold, or otherwise disposed of; or whoever, being engaged as a contractor or otherwise in the manufacture of any such mail lock or key, shall deliver or cause to be delivered, any finished or unfinished lock or key used or designed for use by the Department, or the interior part of any such lock, to any person not duly authorized under the hand of the Postmaster-General and the seal of the Post-Office Department, to receive the same, unless the person receiving it is the contractor for furnishing the same or engaged in the manufacture thereof in the manner authorized by the contract, or the agent of such manufacturer, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years. SEC. 192. Whoever shall forcibly break into or attempt to break into any post-office, or any building used in whole or in part as a postoffice, with intent to commit in such post-office, or building, or part thereof, so used, any larceny or other depredation, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than five Rep., 232; U. S. v. Wil- years. liams, 57 Fed. Rep., Fed. Rep., 233; Re By ron, 18 Fed. Rep., 722; U.S. v. Lantry, 30 Fed. 210; U. S. v. Yennie, 74 Fed. Rep., 221; U.S. v. Saunders, 77 Fed. Rep., 170; U. S. v. Shelton, 100 Fed Rep., 381; Considine v. U. S., 112 Fed. Rep., 342; U. S. v. Martin, 140 Fed. Rep., 256; Sorenson v. U. S., 143 Fed. Rep., 820; 168 Fed. Rep., 785. Unlawfully entering postal car, etc. 3 Mar., 1903, 32 Stat. L., 1176, c. 1009, s. 5. U. S. v. Yennie, 74 Fed. Rep. 221; U.S.". Shelton, 100 Fed. Rep., 831. SEC. 193. Whoever, by violence, shall enter a post-office car, or any apartment in any car, steamboat, or vessel, assigned to the use of the Mail Service, or shall willfully or maliciously assault or interfere with any postal clerk in the discharge of his duties in connection with such car, steamboat, vessel, or apartment thereof, or shall willfully aid or assist therein, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. embezzling, etc., mail 13 Pet., 176; Grimm v. S., 663; Montgomery v. Hall v. U.S.. 168 U. S.. Beaty, Hempst., 487, SEC. 194. Whoever shall steal, take, or abstract, or by fraud or de- Stealing, secreting, ception obtain, from or out of any mail, post-office, or station thereof, matter or contents. or other authorized depository for mail matter, or from a letter or R. S., ss. 3892, 5469, mail carrier, any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or shall 5470. abstract or remove from any such letter, package, bag, or mail, any U. S. v. Hardyman, article or thing contained therein, or shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy U. S., 156 U. S., 604; any such letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or any article or Goode U. S., 159 U. thing contained therein; or whoever shall buy, receive, or conceal, or U. S., 162 U. S., 410; aid in buying, receiving, or concealing, or shall unlawfully have in his : Scott v. U. S., 172 possession, any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or any article US 313: U. S. or thing contained therein, which has been so stolen, taken, embezzled, 24 Fed. Cas., 1057: U.S. or abstracted, as herein described, knowing the same to have been so 280, 24 Fed. Cas., 1079 stolen, taken, embezzled, or abstracted; or whoever shall take any Hughes, 557, 24 Fed. letter, postal card, or package, out of any post-office or station thereof, Cas., 1220: U. S. v. or out of any authorized depository for mail matter, or from any letter Rec., 54, 24 Fed. Cas., or mail carrier, or which has been in any post-office or station thereof, 1225; U. S. v. Cotting or other authorized depository, or in the custody of any letter or mail carrier, before it has been delivered to the person to whom it was directed, with a design to obstruct the correspondence, or to pry into the business or secrets of another, or shall open, secrete, embezzle, or destroy the same, shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. v. Bellew, 2 Brock.. U. S. v. Bramham, 3 Brent, 17 Int. Rev. ham, 2 Blatch., 470, 25 Driscoll, 1 Lowell, 303, 25 Fed. Cas., 673: U. S. 1. 23, 25 Fed. Cas., 1086; tis, 364, 25 Fed. Cas., 2 Cranch C. C., 212, 25 Fed. Cas., 1349; U. S. r. Harmison, 3 Sawy., 556, 26 Fed. Cas., 156; U. S. v. Jenther, 13 Blatch., 335, 26 Fed. Cas., 610; U.S. e. Keene, 5 McLean, 509, 26 Fed. Cas.. 694; U. S. e. Lancaster, 2 McLean, 431, 26 Fed. Cas., 854: U. S. v. Laws, 2 Lowell, 115, 26 Fed. Cas., 892; U. S. r. Marselis, 2 Blatch., 108, 26 Fed. Cas., 1167; U. S. r. Martin, 2 McLean, 256, 26 Fed. Cas.. 1183: U. S. r. Montgomery, 3 Sawy., 544, 26 Fed. Cas., 1296; U. S. e. Nott, 1 McLean, 499, 27 Fed. Cas., 189; U. S. v. Okie, 5 Blatch., 516, 27 Fed. Cas., 231; U. S. v. Oliver. 4 L. Rep., 197, 27 Fed. Cas., 232; U. S. v. Parsons, 2 Blatch., 104, 27 Fed. Cas., 451; U. S. v. Patterson, 6 McLean, 466, 27 Fed. Cas., 466; U. S. v. Pearce, 2 McLean, 14, 27 Fed. Cas., 480; U.S. . Pelletreau, 14 Blatch., 126, 27 Fed. Cas., 485: U. S. v. Pond, 2 Curtis, 265, 27 Fed. Cas., 590; U.S. v. Sander, 6 McLean, 598, 27 Fed. Cas., 949; U. S. r. Tanner, 6 McLean, 128, 28 Fed. Cas., 12; U. S. v. Taylor, 1 Hughes, 514, 28 Fed. Cas.. 19: U. S. ". Whittier, 5 Dill., 35, 28 Fed. Cas., 591; U. S. v. Baugh, 1 Fed. Rep., 784; U.S. v. Hamilton, 9 Fed. Rep., 442; U. S. r. Wynn, 9 Fed. Rep., 886; U.S. v. McCready, 11 Fed. Rep., 225; U. S. v. Blackman, 17 Fed. Rep., 837; New Orleans Nat. Bank r. Mercbant, 18 Fed. Rep., 847; U. S. v. Hilbury, 29 Fed. Rep., 705; U. S. v. Thompson, 29 Fed. Rep, 706: U. S. v. Rapp, 30 Fed. Rep., 818; Re Burkhart, 33 Fed. Rep., 25; U. S. v. Gruver, 35 Fed. Rep., 59; U. S. v. Denicke, 35 Fed. Rep., 407; U. S. v. Mathews, 35 Fed. Rep., 890: U. S. v. Jolly, 37 Fed. Rep., 108: U. S. v. Taylor, 37 Fed. Rep., 200; U. S. r. Wight, 38 Fed. Rep., 106: U. S. v. Clarke, 40 Fed. Rep., 325; U. S. v. Holmes, 40 Fed. Rep., 750; U. S. v. Dorsey, 40 Fed. Rep., 752; Walster v. U. S., 42 Fed. Rep., 891; U. S. v. Byrne, 44 Fed. Rep, 188; U. S. v. Wilson, 44 Fed. Rep., 593; U. S. v. Bithea, 44 Fed. Rep., 802: U. S. v. Mulholland, 50 Fed. Rep., 413; U. S. v. Delany, 55 Fed. Rep., 475; U. S. v. Safford, 66 Fed. Rep., 942; U. S. v. Thomas, 69 Fed. Rep., 588; U. S. r. Hall, 76 Fed. Rep., 566; U. S. v. Jones, 80 Fed. Rep., 513; U. S. v. Lee, 90 Fed. Rep., 256; U. S. v. Huilsman, 94 Fed. Rep., 486. U.S. . Trosper, 127 Fed. Rep., 476; U.S. v. Meyers, 142 Fed. Rep., 907; Brown e. U. S., 148 Fed. Rep., 379; U. S. v. Bullington, 170 Fed. Rep., 121. Postmaster or emdetaining destroy ing, or embezzling let ice ter, etc. R. S., ss. 3890, 3891, SEC. 195. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person employed in any department of the postal service, shall unlawfully detain, delay, or open any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail intrusted to him or which shall come into his possession, and which was intended to be conveyed by mail, or carried or delivered by any carrier, messenger, 5467. agent, or other person employed in any department of the postal Bramberger v. U.S., service, or forwarded through or delivered from any post-office or 128 Fed. Rep., 346; station thereof established by authority of the Postmaster-General; or Rep., 60: Chitwood . shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any such letter, postal card, pack- US.. 153 Fed. Rep., age, bag, or mail; or shall steal, abstract, or remove from any such Fed. Rep., 812; U.S. v. letter, package, bag, or mail, any article or thing contained therein, 185, Shaw C.S. 165 shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not Fed. Rep., 174. more than five years, or both. SEC. 196. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person employed in any department of the postal service, shall improperly detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy any newspaper, or permit any other person to detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy the same, or open, or permit any other person to open, any mail or package of newspapers not directed to the office where he is employed; or whoever shall open, embezzle, or destroy any mail or package of newspapers not being directed to him, and he not being authorized to open or receive the same; or whoever shall take or steal any mail or package of newspapers from Alexis. U.S., 129 Fed. 551: Ennis . U.S., 154 Kerr, 159 Fed. Rep., Postmaster, etc., denewspapers. taining or destroying R. S., s. 5471. Assaulting mail car and robbing mail. any post-office or from any person having custody thereof, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. SEC. 197. Whoever shall assault any person having lawful charge, rier with intent to rob, control, or custody of any mail matter, with intent to rob, steal, or R. S., 89. 5472, 5473. purloin such mail matter or any part thereof, or shall rob any such Harrison v. U. S., person of such mail or any part thereof, shall, for a first offense, be 163 U. S., 140; U. S. v. imprisoned not more than ten years; and if in effecting or attempting 283, 26 Fed. Cas., 148; to effect such robbery, he shall wound the person having the custody U.S. v. Wilson, Baldw.. of the mail, or put his life in jeopardy by the use of a dangerous U.S. v. Reeves, 38 Fed. Weapon, or for a subsequent offense, shall be imprisoned twenty-five Hare, 2 Wh. Cr. Cas., 78, 28 Fed. Cas., 699; Rep., 404; U. S. v. Bow man, 5 Pac. Rep., 333. years. Injuring letter boxes or mail matter; assaulting carrier, etc. R. S., ss. 3869, 5466. L.. 113, c. 563. 39 Stat SEC. 198. Whoever shall willfully injure, tear down, or destroy any letter box, pillar box, lock box, lock drawer, or other receptacle established or approved by the Postmaster-General for the safe deposit of 21 Apr., 1902, 32 Stat. matter for the mail or for delivery, or any lock or similar device belong3 Mar., 1903. 32 Stat. ing or attached thereto, or any letter box or other receptacle designated L., 1175, c. 1009, s. 3. or approved by the Postmaster-General for the receipt or delivery of Ammendmail matter on any rural free delivery route, star route, or other mail route, or shall break open the same; or shall willfully injure, deface, or destroy any mail matter deposited in any letter box, pillar box, lock box, lock drawer, or other receptacle established or approved by the Postmaster-General for the safe deposit of matter for the mail or for delivery; or shall willfully take or steal such matter from or out of any such letter box, pillar box, lock box, lock drawer, or other receptacle, or shall willfully and maliciously assault any letter or mail carrier, knowing him to be such, while engaged on his route in the discharge of his duty as such carrier, or shall willfully aid or assist in any offense defined in this section, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. 162. Deserting the mail. 15 A. G. Op., 70. Delivery of letters by master of vessel. R. S., s. 3977. SEC. 199. Whoever, having taken charge of any mail, shall voluntarily quit or desert the same before he has delivered it into the post, office at the termination of the route, or to some known mail carriermessenger, agent, or other employee in the postal service authorized to receive the same, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. SEC. 200. The master or other person having charge or control of any steamboat or other vessel passing between ports or places in the United States, arriving at any such port or place where there is a post-office, shall deliver to the postmaster or at the post-office within three hours after his arrival, if in the daytime, and if at night, within two hours after the next sunrise, all letters and packages brought by him or within his power or control and not relating to the cargo, addressed to or destined for such port or place, for which he shall receive from the postmaster two cents for each letter or package so delivered, unless the same is carried under a contract for carrying the mail; and for every failure so to deliver such letters or packages, the master or other person having charge or control of such steamboat or other vessel, shall be fined not more than one hundred and fifty dollars. SEC. 201. Whoever shall knowingly and willfully obstruct or retard the passage of the mail, or any carriage, horse, driver, or carrier, or R. S., s. 3995. car, steamboat, or other conveyance or vessel carrying the same, shall U. S. v. Kirby, 7 be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more 158 U. S., 564; Clune than six months, or both. Obstructing the mail. Wall., 482; Re Debs, v. U. S., 159 U. S., 590; U. S. v. Barney, 3 Hughes, 545, 24 Fed. Cas., 1014: U. S. v. Clark, 13 Phila., 476, 25 Fed. Cas., 443; U. S. v. |