Impacts of Demand Reduction on Water UtilitiesAmerican Water Works Association, 1996 - 133 lappuses The primary purpose of this report is to provide information and to describe techniques that will help utilities and others determine the impacts of reduced demand on water utilities. The remainder of the report is organized as follows: Chapter 2, "Methods and Materials", describes the case-study format and the methodology used to collect the data; Chapter 3, "General Concepts," provides an overview of the significant economic and financial analysis concepts used to categorize and analyze the data; Chapter 4, "Profiles of Participating Agencies," describes the participating agencies, including general profiles of each; Chapter 5, "Operating Cost Impacts," details the analytical framework and results for short-term operating costs; Chapter 6, "Revenue Impacts," illustrates how water utility revenues and rates are affected by reduced demand and potential reactions to rate adjustments; Chapter 7, "Long-Term Capital Savings," describes potential savings from capital deferrals or avoidance resulting from demand reduction; Chapter 8, "External Impacts," provides an overview of the impacts that may occur outside of water utilities as the demand for water decreases; Chapter 9, "Conclusions," looks at all the impacts and how the results of this study can be used by utilities. |
Saturs
Chapter 1 Introduction | 1 |
Chapter 2 Methods and Materials | 7 |
Chapter 3 General Concepts | 13 |
Chapter 4 Profiles of Participating Agencies | 41 |
Chapter 5 Operating Cost Impacts | 53 |
Chapter 6 Revenue Impacts | 77 |
Chapter 7 LongTerm Capital Savings | 91 |
Chapter 8 External Impacts | 107 |
Chapter 9 Conclusions | 111 |
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5-percent demand reduction agencies using surface amount average cost average fixed cost Average-day production billed block rate structure capital facilities chemical costs conservation program cost impacts cost of chemicals cost savings costs for agencies customers debt service decrease demand for water determine distribution downsizing EBMUD electricity costs estimated fixed costs Houston impacts of demand inclining block rate included independent variable lowest consumption block marginal cost rates million ML/d MWRA operating costs Palm Beach County participating utilities PBCWUD peak peak-day demand percent Phoenix pipelines Portland Portland San Antonio present value price elasticity pumping purchased water reduced demand reduced water regression analysis Regression results revenue impact San Antonio seasonal rate structure sizing criteria t-statistics Table tgal Total O&M costs treatment plant usage for agencies utility's variable costs Virginia Beach volume of water water and groundwater water demand water industry water produced water sales water utilities