Planetare Erkundung. MODELING OF SHORT ARC ORBITAL CONSTRAINTS FOR INCORPORATION INTO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ADJUSTMENT OF MEOSS DATA Hiroshi Masaharu Feb. 1989 52 p (DFVLR-FB-89-14; ISSN-0171-1342; ETN-89-95310) Avail: NTIS HC A04/MF A01; DFVLR, VB-PL-DO, Postfach 90 60 58, 5000 Cologne, Fed. Republic of Germany, 19 DM Two kinds of models were studied by least square fitting method to simulate satellite position and velocity data of the MEOSS/SROSS mission (circular orbit of 450 km height over Hyderabad, India). In the first model, the time variations of instantaneous Keplerian elements (osculating Keplerian elements) are expressed as polynomials of time. In the second model, the differences of geocentric coordinates from a nominal orbit are treated as polynomials of time. Both methods have shown enough accuracy by second or third order polynomials. The root means square errors of position for an orbit arc of 600 s/4600 km length were well below 50 m, the pixel size of the MEOSS image. The second method is recommended for orbital constraints of photogrammetric adjustment because of its simplicity and numerical stability. The fitting test results are summarized. The selection between an Earth co-rotating or inertial space coordinate system is discussed. Related problems concernig photogrammetric adjustment of spaceborne imagery is outlined. 44 ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION ESA A01 This report presents results and conclusions from the first year of research on CulnSe sub 2 thin-film solar cells. The research was carried out in two tasks: materials preparation and analysis and high-efficiency solar cell fabrication and analysis. CulnSe sub 2 thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation of elemental Cu, In, and Se onto heated substrates. Systematic studies of the effects of incident flux and substrate temperature on CulnSe sub 2 film composition and morphology are presented. Mirror-smooth CulnSe sub 2 films were prepared using a newly developed aqueous bromine solution as chemical polishing etch. Heterojunctions photovoltaic devices with (CdZn)S, ITÖ/(CdZn)S, ZnO, and ZnO/(CdZn)S window layers were fabricated and analyzed. The dominant recombination mechanism in high-efficiency CulnSe sub 2 devices was found to be space-charge recombination in the CulnSe sub 2. Optimized one-square-centimeter CulnSe sub 2/(CdZn)S solar cells with efficiencies greater than 10 percent were fabricated. N89-28945# Ametek, Inc., Harleysville, PA. POLYCRYSTALLINE CADMIUM TELLURIDE 3N-I-P SOLAR CELL Annual Report, 1 Jun. 1987 - 31 Aug. 1988 DOE P. V. Meyers Jun. 1989 67 p Prepared for Midwest Research Inst., Golden, CO (Contract DE-AC02-83CH-10093) (DE89-009437; SERI/STR-211-3519) Avail: NTIS HC A04/MF A01 The CdS/CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p solar cell and its ternary relatives have the potential to meet Department of Energy cost, efficiency, and stability goals. This report describes results of a continuing program to achieve these goals. A record-breaking efficiency of 11 percent has been demonstrated and verified at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). Stability testing for 3000 hours indicates that the n-i-p structure is stable. Improving the short-circuit current by substituting Cd/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/S for CdS has been successful and has produced 8 plus percent efficient cells with 2.6 eV windows using improved pyrolysis equipment. Transparent n-i-p devices have been produced with a SERI-verified efficiency of 9.4 percent. Collaborations with researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, the Institute of Energy Conversion, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory have resulted in jointly produced n-i-p cells. Cells produced by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition had efficiencies greater than 9 percent; cells produced by thermal vacuum evaporation had efficiencies greater than 7 percent. DOE This research concerns the improvement of the efficiency and stability of large-area amorphous silicon photovoltaic submodules, based on both single- and tandem-junction device structures. For the improvement of cell efficiency, carbon-graded a-Si(x)C(1-x):H p-layers, ITO/Ag back reflectors, alternate SnO2 substrates, and TiO(x) recombination layers at the n/p interface of tandem cells are described. Significant contributions to the study of transport and defect states in a-Si:H were made using the steady-state photocarrier grating technique, charge collection in thick p-i-n structures, thermally stimulated currents, and current DLTS. An extensive study of the deposition of SiO2 barrier layers on soda lime glass to improve SnO2:F conductivity is reported. Submodule research includes laser isolation, active scribe tracking, post-fabrication defect removal, and a new interconnect scheme employing two levels of metallization. Power output and aperture area efficiency for single junction submodules were 5.9W (7.0 percent) for 1 x 1 sq. ft. and 17.7W (6.9 percent) for 1 x 3 sq. ft. Outdoor stability tests on glass-glass encapsulated tandem submodules are also described. DOE N89-28947# Midwest Research Inst., Golden, CO. Solar Energy SOLAR THERMAL PROGRAM SUMMARY. VOLUME 2: (Contract DE-AC02-83CH-10093) (DE89-000861; DOE/CH-10093/46) Avail: NTIS HC A04/MF A01 The Solar Thermal Program Summary for Fiscal Year 1988 is a two-volume reference set describing the technological advances and future research and development (R and D) direction of the Solar Thermal Technology Program. Volume 1 contains capsule descriptions of the various activities undertaken in the year, a brief history of the program, and the significant accomplishments realized. It also describes the management framework for the program and sets forth the FY-88 budget. Volume 2 consists mainly of a compilation of detailed descriptions of the various research and development activities performed by the national laboratories and their subcontractors from industry, academia, and nonprofit research institutions. It also contains a bibliography of the various publications produced under the program in recent years. DOE The main goal of the US Department of Energy supported part of this project is to develop information about controlling the complicated chemical processes involved in the formation of a carbonaceous selective absorber and learn what equipment will allow production of this absorber commercially. The work necessary to accomplish this goal is not yet complete. Formation of the carbonaceous selective absorber in the conveyor oven tried so far has been unsatisfactory, because the proper conditions for applying the carbonaceous coating in each conveyor oven fabricated, either have been difficult to obtain, or have been difficult to maintain over an extended period of time. A new conveyor oven is nearing completion which is expected to allow formation of the carbonaceous selective absorber on absorber tubes in a continuous operation over many days without the necessity of cleaning the conveyor oven or changing the thickness of the electroplated nickel catalyst to compensate for changes in the coating environment in the oven. Work under this project concerned with forming and sealing glass panels to test ideas on evacuated glass solar collector designs and production have been generally quite satisfactory. Delays in completion of the selective absorber work, has caused postponement of the fabrication of a small prototype evacuated glass solar collector panel. Preliminary cost estimates of the selective absorber and solar collector panel indicate that this collector system should be lower in cost than evacuated solar collectors now on the market. DOE (DE89-009422; SERI/STR-211-3511) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 = Results and conclusions from the first year of a two year research program on multijunction thin film solar cells utilizing a CulnSe2 heterojunction for the low band gap (E sub g = 1.8 eV) or a CdTe (E sub g 1.5 eV) heterojunction for the high band gap component in a monolithic two terminal cascade structure are reported. Physical vapor deposition with extrinsic doping was studied as a preparation technique for depositing low resistivity p-type CdTe on transparent ohmic contact materials at low temperature (T less than 300 C). Photochemical vapor deposition was used to deposit a-Si cells. The presence of a CulnSe2/(CdZn)S cell in the a-Si deposition reactor did not introduce contaminants or adversely affect the performance of conventional p-i-n cells. Procedures for fabricating monolithic cascade structures devices having the configuration ITO/a-Si(n-i-p)/ZnO (CdZn)S/CulnSe2/Mo/ N89-28951# California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Applied Science Div. FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES Kim Kinoshita Apr. 1989 31 p Presented at the Seminar At Paul Scherrer Institute, Wurenlingen, Switzerland, 29 May 1989 (Contract DE-AC03-76SF-00098) (DE89-013430; LBL-27082; CONF-8905164-1) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 Fuel cells provide a new and exciting option for the efficient conversion of fossil fuels to electricity. Development of fuel- cell technology was underway in the United States (U.S.) for over 20 years, with the initial focus on space application (i.e., Gemini, Apollo). More recently, commercialization of fuel cells for utility power generation and transportation applications has received considerable attention in the U.S. The status of fuel-cell technology is summarized for the U.S., where development of five major fuel cell systems are underway. DOE N89-28952# Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM. (Contract DE-AC04-76DP-00789) (DE89-013813; SAND-88-3057C; CONF-890717-1) Avail: NTIS HC A02/MF A01 The LIFE2 computer code is a fatigue/fracture analysis code that is specialized to the analysis of wind turbine components. It is a PC-compatible FORTRAN code that is written in a top-down modular format. The service lifetime of a component can be divided into three phases: crack initiation, growth and coalescence of micro-cracks and growth of a macro-crack. In the LIFE2 formulation, a S-n fatigue analysis is used to describe the first two phases and a linear, da/dn fracture analysis is used to describe the third phase. The code is divided into five main sections. The first four describe the wind resource, the constitutive properties of the turbine material, the stress state in which the turbine operates and operational parameters for the turbine system. The fifth uses the data files written by the first four sections to calculate the service lifetime of a turbine component. In addition to the main sections, auxiliary sections are included to permit the storage of data and code calculations and to permit the plotting of results. This report describes the computational framework used in the LIFE2 code to evaluate the damage rules cited above. An example problem is presented here to illustrate the capabilities of the code. DOE N89-28953# Science Applications International Corp., San Diego, AN IMPROVED DESIGN FOR STRETCHED-MEMBRANE Kelly Beninga, Barry Butler, Jeff Sandubrae, and Kerry Walcott (Contracts DE-AC04-76DP-00789; SAND-33-1226) Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has developed an improved stretched-membrane heliostat mirror module under contract to Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Both a 150 sq. meter commercial mirror module and a 50 sq. meter prototype mirror module have been designed. The prototype mirror module has been fabricated and is being tested at the Central Receiver Test Facility (CRTF) in Albuquerque. Two .0762-mm (.003-in) thick stainless steel membranes are stressed to approximately 90 MPa (13,000 psi) and welded to either side of a carbon steel, rectangular cross-section ring, which is compressed to approximately one-tenth of its yield strength. The ring is supported by five trusses, which radiate from a central hub. The mirror module is mounted on a conventional pedestal drive system for sun-tracking purposes. The mirror module is air-tight, and focusing is achieved by modulating The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an acknowledged world center for analytical cytology. This leadership was recognized by the Regents of the University of California (UC), who in 1982 established and funded the Program for Analytical Cytology to facilitate the transfer of this technology from scientists at LLNL to their University colleagues, primarily through innovative collaborative research. This issue of Energy and Technology Review describes three of the forty projects that have been funded in this way, chosen to illustrate the potential medical application of the research. Analytical cytology is a relatively new field of biomedical research that is increasingly being applied in clinical medicine. It has been particularly important in unraveling the complexities of the human immune system and in quantifying the pathobiology of malignancy. Defined as the characterization and measurement of cells and cellular constituents for biological and medical purposes, analytical cytology bridges the gap between the quantitative discipline of molecular biology and the more qualitative disciplines of anatomy and pathology. It is itself multidisciplinary in nature. Two major approaches to analytical cytology are flow cytometry and image cytometry. In each of these research techniques, cells are measured one at a time in an automated device. In flow instruments, the cells are dispersed in fluid suspension and pass in single file through a beam of laser light to generate optical signals that are measured. In image cytometry, cells are dispersed on a slide and are imaged through a microscope onto an electronic imaging and analysis system that processes the cell image to extract measurements of interest. N89-28955# Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. DOE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY R AND D: WHAT COULD MAKE A William Fulkerson, Stanley I. Auerbach, Alan T. Crane, Don E. (DE89-014568; ORNL-6541/V1-Pt-1) Avail: NTIS HC A09/MF A01 Both energy technologies and crosscutting areas of science and technology were surveyed in order to identify important R and D needs and opportunities in the context of the US and world energy situations. The imperative for R and D was judged against its potential for fixing current energy system problems; for providing a robust set of options for coping with, taking advantage of, or encouraging future energy circumstances; and for creating unanticipated opportunities. DOE N89-28956# Midwest Research Inst., Golden, CO. Solar Energy Research Inst. THIN FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS K. Zweibel and H. S. Ullal May 1989 9 p Presented at the 24th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Washington, DC, 6-11 Aug. 1989 (Contract DE-AC02-83CH-10093) (DE89-009425; SERI/TP-211-3501; CONF-890815-4) Avail: NTIS HC A02/MF A01 Thin films are considered a potentially attractive technological approach to making cost effective electricity by photovoltaics. Över the last 20 years, many have been investigated and some (cadmium telluride, copper indium diselenide, amorphous silicon) have become leading candidates for future large scale commercialization. The past development of these key thin films are surveyed and their status and future prospects are given. In all cases, significant progress toward cost effective PV electricity has been made. If this progress continues, it appears that thin film PV could provide electricity that is competitive for summer daytime peaking power requirements by the middle of the 1990s; and electricity in a range that is competitive with fossil fuel costs (i.e., 6 cents/kw-hr) should be available from PV around the turn of the century. DOE N89-28957# Argonne National Lab., IL. Gas Research Inst. (Contract W-31-109-eng-38) (DE89-012422; CONF-890815-5) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 Monolithic solid oxide fuel cells (MSOFCs) are presently under development for a variety of practical applications (e.g., advanced space and aerospace power systems, electric utility power generation). The MSOFC is composed of a honeycomb of very small cells of 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The walls of the honeycomb are formed from thin (25 to 100 mm) ceramic layers of cell components: cathode (Sr-doped LaMnO3), anode (Ni/Y203-ZrO2 cermet), electrolyte (Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2), and interconnect (doped LaCrO3) materials. These walls form the passages for fuel and oxidant gases. The MSOFC will convert hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels to dc power at more than 50 percent efficiency and can achieve considerably higher energy densities than many other technologies. Successful fabrication of an MSOFC depends on incorporating the materials into a self-supporting structure at a higher sintering temperature. A fabrication scheme for the MSOFC must incorporate each material such that no conditions of any fabrication step will destroy desired material characteristics of any of the component layers. Material characteristics and processing parameters must be tailored and controlled to fabricate the MSOFC with desired properties. Material properties, material requirements, and fabrication issues in the development of the MSOFC are DOE discussed. N89-28958# Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM. FIELD TESTS OF A NOVEL INVERTER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CONDITIONING Art Dickerson, Ward Bower, and Frank Schalles (EG and Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc., Albuquerque, NM.) May 1989 61 p (Contract DE-AC04-76DP-00789) (DE89-014322; SAND-88-2974) Avail: NTIS HC A04/MF A01 The Dickerson inverter synthesizes a sinewave current from a photovoltaic array that is segmented into a number of subarrays. These subarrays are switched among the ac phases so that the current from a given subarray is continuous, and each phase is connected at all times to one or more subarrays. The control scheme assures a near-unity power factor current with real-time phase adjustment to power-system disturbances. A prototype inverter was operated into a three-phase power system, with the dc supplied by a photovoltaic array at Sandia National Laboratories. The results of these tests under normal, abnormal and fault conditions are reported. Inversion efficiencies up to 99 percent were achieved with 0.97 power factor. A simple filter reduced current harmonics from 18 to 5 percent. The performance for the inverter was projected for a 480-V, three-phase system at the 50-kVA level. An analysis of filtering costs indicates that harmonic reduction to 5 percent can be achieved at under $0.003 per watt for typical central-station applications. The intended power range N89-28960# California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento. OZONE TRENDS WITHIN A LARGE METROPOLITAN AREA: Terry McGuire May 1988 20 p (PB89-145965; ARB/TSD-88-008) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 13B Trends are reviewed in ambient ozone concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin from 1955. Most emphasis is placed on data acquired since 1973. Temperature adjustment is used as a tool to reduce year-to-year ozone fluctuations. Trends of emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are also examined. In general, the trend in ambient ozone concentrations have been improving, but some periods during the record and some locations in the basin have experienced increases. Decided differences in ozone concentrations and trends are evident for different geographic parts of the basin. Author (Grant NAG1-692) (NASA-CR-185487; NAS 1.26:185487) Avail: NTIS HC A05/MF A01 CSCL 13B Detailed observations of turbulence just above and below the crown of the Amazon rain forest during the wet season are presented. The forest canopy is shown to remove high frequency turbulent fluctuations while passing lower frequencies. Filter characteristics of turbulent transfer into the Amazon rain forest canopy are quantified. Simple empirical relations that relate observed turbulent heat fluxes to horizontal wind variance are presented. Changes in the amount of turbulent coupling between the forest and the boundary layer associated with deep convective clouds are presented both as statistical averages and as a series of case studies. These convective processes during the rainy season are shown to alter the diurnal course of turbulent fluxes. In wake of giant coastal systems, no significant heat or moisture fluxes occur for up to a day after the event. Radar data is used to demonstrate that even small raining clouds are capable of evacuating the canopy of substances normally trapped by persistent static stability near the forest floor. Recovery from these events can take more than an hour, even during mid-day. In spite of the ubiquitous presence of clouds and frequent rain during this season, the average horizontal wind speed spectrum is well described by dry CBL similarity hypotheses originally found to apply in flat terrain. Author N89-28962# Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. ADEQUACY OF FORESTRY DATA IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF OZONE: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE David S. Shriner and Dean E. Carpenter (NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.) 1989 15 p Presented at the 82nd Annual Air and Waste Management Association Meeting and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA, 25 Jun. 1989 (Contract DE-AC05-84OR-21400) (DE89-012359; CONF-890692-9) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 Regional-scale assessment of the effects of ozone on forest ecosystems involves a diffuse array of sources distributed across tens of thousands of square kilometers. Exposure characteristics have short-term dynamics (hours or days), but effects may be manifest only after years of exposure. Discussion of the adequacy of forestry data for assessing the impact of ozone on forests from the national perspective requires first a discussion of the process by which such an assessment might be done, and secondly, discussion of the other types of data necessary to permit differentiation of forest impacts. This paper addresses a variety of approaches to assessment of forest impacts, discusses the basic data requirements necessary for an assessment of ozone impacts on forests, and provides an assessment of data availability on a national scale. DOE N89-28963# Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle USER'S GUIDE TO THE COMPLEX TERRAIN DISPERSION Steven G. Perry, Donna J. Burns, Lucy H. Adams, Robert J. Paine, Avail: NTIS HC The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus Algorithms for Unstable Situations (CTDMPLUS) is a refined air quality model for use in all stability conditions for complex terrain applications. It contains the technology of the original Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) for stable and neutral conditions, but also models daytime, unstable conditions. The model makes use of considerable detail in the terrain and meteorological data (as compared to current EPA regulatory models) and requires the parameterization of individual terrain features, thus considering the 3-D nature of the interaction of the plume and terrain. The user's manual describes, in detail, the basis of the model and instructions for its use. Author N89-28964# Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle The effects expected from the depletion of stratospheric ozone by the presence of CFCs are summarized. The two areas considered are materials damage and atmospheric processes. Increased UV can affect materials in the following ways: (1) corrosion of metals is expected to increase because of increased acid deposition; (2) stone deterioration is expected to increase again because of increased acid deposition; (3) dyes are expected to fade more quickly; (4) polymers are expected to breakdown more rapidly; and (5) paints will weather faster. In the area of atmospheric processes, increased UV is expected to: (1) increase (Contract DE-AC02-76CH-00016) (DE89-014264; BNL-42768) Avail: NTIS HC A04/MF A01 Data on the types and applications of exterior paints used in the United States are reviewed from the perspective of potential damage by air pollution or acidic deposition. The data show that residential buildings are the most economically important subset of the painted structures in the U.S. for painting costs. The trends for new construction suggest that this ranking is likely to continue in the future. Although both new construction and maintenance painting are economically important, the more difficult conditions involved in painting over existing finishes make this an important class of situations for research. Consumer surveys show that the most important mode of paint failure is peeling and flaking which, in its various manifestations, accounts for about half of residential paint problems. Such problems often occur within two to three years after painting. Color changes (deterioration) are next in importance. Although chalking and erosion were observed their roles in decisions to repaint are less apparent. The trends in paint usage and performance are generally supportive of (or not inconsistent with) the hypothesis that air pollution or acid rain may be having some adverse effects, although such data are by no means conclusive. It is recommended that selections of coatings and substrate for acid deposition research include those combinations that are widely used (latex over wood and over previous paint) and those that are sensitive to acid deposition (paints containing CaCO3; alkyd paint over steel). DOE N89-28966# Ballistic Research Labs., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. DENSE HEAVY METAL AEROSOL MONITORING BY DIRECT X-RAY FLUORESCENCE George M. Thomson Jun. 1989 47 P (AD-A209077; BRL-TR-3003) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 19/1 Dense aerosols are widely found as active ingredients or byproducts in pyrotechnics, explosives, obscurants, antipersonnel munitions, and rocket engines. The Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) is applying a state-of-the-art microanalytical tool, X-ray fluorescence, to a new task of monitoring the mass concentrations of dense aerosols containing metals. The results obtained promise a solution for a long-standing problem in metal aerosol work - the necessity of extracting particles out of the air prior to assessment in fashion that gives samples that are truly representative of the aerosol. The new method works directly on the dispersed aerosol and provides noninvasive concentration measurements rapidly, simply, and reliably for most materials with atomic number above 24. The potential of the direct X-ray fluorescence method has been evaluated in tests targeting a two dimensional simulant iron aerosol. The results show that, in a minute or less, one can assess aerosol concentrations from a few milligrams up to several grams per cubic meter. Higher sensitivities can be readily realized if increased X-ray doses can be tolerated. Based on these findings, developing a more advanced instrument appears worthwhile. GRA N89-28967*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A COMBINED AIR AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Billy C. Wolverton, inventor (to NASA) and Lamont Jarrell, inventor (to NASA) 26 May 1989 15 p (NASA-Case-NST-00007-1; NAS 1.71:NST-00007-1; US-Patent-Appl-SN-357938) Avail: NTIS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 13B A bioaquatic air pollution control system for controlling both water and atmospheric pollution is disclosed. The pollution control system includes an exhaust for directing polluted gases out of a furnace and a fluid circulating system which circulates fluid, such as waste water, from a source, past the furnace where the fluid flow entrains the pollutants from the furnace. The combined fluid and pollutants are then directed through a rock/plant/microbial filtering system. A suction pump pumps the treated waste water from the filter system past the exhaust to again entrain more pollutants form the furnace where they are combined with the fluid (waste water) and directed to the filter system. NASA N89-28968 Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, Brussels. ABSORPTION CROSS SECTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHLOROFLUOROETHANES AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE OZONE LAYER Didier Gillotay, Paul C. Simon, and Guy Brasseur 1989 12 p Submitted for publication (Aeronomica-Acta-A-340-1989; ISSN-0065-3713; ETN-89-95189) Avail: Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium The measurements of the chlorofluoroethanes ultraviolet absorption cross sections are reported. Three compounds are considered (CH3-CF2CI - HCFC 142b, CH3-CFC12 - HCFC 141b and CF3-CHCL2 HCFC 123) and uncertainties of two percent are measured. These compounds are photodissociated in the stratosphere. It is shown that a substantial fraction of these molecules is destroyed in the troposphere by hydroxyl radicals. As a consequence, the lifetime and the ozone depletion potential of these chlorofluoroethanes are significantly lower than those of the used chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12. ESA (Contract NAS7-918) (NASA-RP-1224-Vol-2; JPL-400-370-Vol-2; NAS 1.61:1224-Vol-2; LC-89-600203) Avail: NTIS HC A99/MF E03 CSCL 04A entry During the period April 29 to May 2, 1985, the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment was operated for the first time, as part of the Spacelab-3 payload of the shuttle Challenger. The principal purpose of this experiment was to study the distributions of the atmosphere's minor and trace molecular constituents. The instrument, a modified Michelson interferometer covering the frequency range from 600 to 5000/cm-1 at a spectral resolution of 0.01/cm-1, recorded infrared absorption spectra of the sun and of the earth's atmosphere at times close into and exit from occultation by the earth's limb. Spectra were obtained that are free from absorptions due to constituents of the atmosphere (i.e., they are pure solar spectra), as well as spectra of the atmosphere itself, covering line-of-sight tangent altitudes that span the range from the lower thermosphere to the bottom of the troposphere. This atlas presents a compilation of these spectra arranged in a hardcopy format suitable for quick-look reference purposes. Volume 2 covers the stratosphere and mesosphere (ie., tangent altitudes from 20 to 80 km) for frequencies from 650 to 3350/cm-1. Author |