PETROLOGY.-Chemical analyses of igneous rocks published from 1884 to 1913, inclusive. H. S. WASHINGTON. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 99. Pp. 1201, with 3 figures: 1917. This paper is a revision and expansion of Professional Paper 14, published in 1903. In the introductory text the characters of rock analyses are discussed under the heads of representativeness of the sample analyzed and the accuracy and completeness of the analysis. The chief errors, both of commission and omission, to which rock analyses are liable are described, and the scheme for rating analyses as to their quality, adopted in the work, is explained. It has been the aim to make the present collection as complete and accurate as possible and, in a sense, definitive. The search through the literature, a list of the publications examined being given, has been very extensive, and in this the library of the U. S. Geological Survey has been the main reliance. The number of analyses collected in the tables amounts to 8602, as against 2881 in the previous collection, which analyses are included in the present work. A great improvement in quality over the earlier work is manifest. The tables, which occupy 1098 pages, are divided into four parts: superior analyses of fresh rocks; incomplete but otherwise superior analyses of fresh rocks; superior analyses of altered rocks and tuffs; and inferior analyses. The analyses in Part I are arranged according to the Quantitative Classification and the norm of each, every one of which has been recalculated, is given. A discussion of the rules for naming and of some of the names of this system is to be found in the text. In appendixes are presented a description of the Quantitative Classification, with a tabular presentation of its divisions and names, a description of the method of calculating the norm, as well as the tables for the calculation of the molecular numbers of the chemical components and percentages of mineral molecules. H. S. W. PARASITOLOGY.-Recent progress in the development of methods for B. H. R. PARASITOLOGY.-The sheep tick and its eradication by dipping. MARION IMES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bulletin 798, 31 pp., figs. 1-15. May, 1917. A popular discussion with details of methods of control and eradication. B. H. Ransom. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY AND AFFILIATED SOCIETIES WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The 118th meeting of the Academy, the twentieth Annual Meeting, was held in the Assembly Room of the Cosmos Club the evening of Tuesday, January 8, 1918, with President W. H. HOLMES in the chair. The minutes of the last Annual Meeting were read and approved. The Corresponding Secretary, Dr. R. B. SOSMAN, elected by the Board of Managers in September, 1917, to fill the unexpired term of Dr. F. E. WRIGHT, on account of the latter's continued absence from the city while engaged upon war work, reported that on January 1, 1918, the membership consisted of 6 honorary members, 4 patrons, and 470 members, one of whom was a life member. The total membership was 480, of whom 283 reside in or near the District of Columbia. During the year 1917 the Academy has lost by death: WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK, July 27, 1917; RICHARD BRYANT DOLE, January 21, 1917; ARNOLD HAGUE, May 13, 1917. Reference was made also to the distribution of a new edition of the "red book," the Directory of the Washington Academy of Sciences and affiliated Societies, in July. The Recording Secretary reported that four public lectures had been held during the past year, including the three on Heredity, as reported upon in the JOURNAL of the Academy for January 4, 1918. In the absence of the Treasurer, Mr. WILLIAM BOWIE, his report was read by the Secretary. The report showed a balance of $850.93 on January 1, 1917, receipts totaling $6442.69 during the year (including the payment of a note for $2000,) disbursements totaling $4308.81 (including the purchase of a Liberty Loan Bond for $500), and a balance on December 31, 1917, of $2984.81. The Auditing Committee, consisting of Messrs. E. F. MUELLER, H. G. FERGUSON, and H. D. GIBBS, reported that the report of the Treasurer agreed in all respects with the accounts and with the securities on deposit. Dr. N. E. DORSEY read the report of the Board of Editors. The report of the tellers, Messrs. J. F. MEYER, H. E. MERWIN, and R. B. SOSMAN, was read by the Corresponding Secretary. The tellers reported that the mail ballot had resulted in the election of the following officers for 1918: President, L. J. BRIGGS; Corresponding Secretary, R. B. SOSMAN; Recording Secretary, WILLIAM R. MAXON; Treasurer, WILLIAM BOWIE; Non-resident Vice-Presidents, T. A. JAGGAR, JR., and B. L. ROBINSON; Members of Board of Managers, Class of 1921, T. H. KEARNEY and A. C. SPENCER. The following resident Vice-Presidents, nominated by the affiliated societies, were then elected: Anthropological Society, JOHN R. SWANTON; Archaeological Society, ALEŠ HRDLIČKA; Biological Society, J. N. ROSE; Botanical Society, T. H. KEARNEY; Chemical Society, FREDE RICK B. POWER; Society of Engineers, EDWIN F. WENDT; Electrical Engineers, P. G. AGNEW; Society of Foresters, RAPHAEL ZON; Geological Society, W. C. MENDENHALL; Historical Society, ALLEN C. CLARK; Medical Society, PHILIP S. Roy; Philosophical Society, GEORGE K. BURGESS. The Entomological Society and the National Geographic Society had nominated no Vice-Presidents. The following amendments to the By-Laws of the Academy, designed to avoid the existing conflict of dates between the annual meeting of the Academy and the regular meeting of the Chemical Society, were then read and, in accordance with the By-Laws, referred to the Board of Managers: (1) In Section 1, Article III, substitute "Tuesday" for "Thursday." The section will then begin as follows: "The Annual Meeting shall be held each year on the second Tuesday of January." (2) In Section 1 of Article V substitute "Tuesday" for "Thursday." The retiring President, Dr. HOLMES, delivered an address entitled Man's place in the Cosmos as shadowed forth by modern science, the newly elected President, Dr. L. J. BRIGGS, presiding. "The address was designed to give a brief but comprehensive view of the career of man not in the world simply, but to shadow forth his place in the cosmos of which he was formerly thought to be the central feature. The problems of the immediate past are in part readily solved, while the remote past fades into the impenetrable shadows of the infinite. The problems of the present appear large in the foreground, so that he who runs may read; but the problems of the future find their solutions shrouded in the mists of the unknown and the unknowable. "The story of the progress of research from the childish romancings of the savage mind through quagmires of superstitious interpretations to the astonishing revelations of modern science is a fascinating chapter in human history. The origin of the earth is found in the reassembling and consolidation of the widely disseminated matter of a spiral nebula, a process believed to be responsible for the evolution of the solar system as a whole-the sun and its attendant bodies. These nebulæ, of which a thousand have been identified, are thought to be due to the encounter of heavenly bodies with such force as to distribute their component particles widely throughout space, the encounters being due to the eccentricity of the orbits. "The earth thus gathered together by the forces of gravity from the dust of ruined spheres became, after ages of ripening, the seat of life,an oasis in the vast desert of the cosmos. The story of the beginnings and evolution of living things has been preserved in the fossil-bearing strata of the earth's surface and its outlines are well made out. From the earliest, exceedingly simple and minute forms advance was made throughout several stages of specialization to the culmination in man, each stage requiring millions of years in its accomplishment. But the story is not ended. Mobility, unceasing change is the rule of the universe. That which grows or develops reaches its meridian and passes into other forms. The fate of the human race is wrapped up with the fate of the minute satellite which we call the earth, and is subject to the ever active mobilizing forces of the cosmos. It must be molded and remolded into other worlds and suns and stars forever. "But there are other wonders. The atoms which now enter into the constitution of all things-our bodies, the world, and the universe, are indestructible. They have existed always and will continue to eternity. The millions of atoms which now form a drop of human blood, for example, have each a history more marvelous than words can tell or mind conceive, each having passed through changes without beginning and must continue to pass through other changes without end. "At a certain stage in the earth's evolution life was generated and there is no reason why a million worlds may not have reached a corresponding stage-the stage at which the elements and the energies acting under immutable laws necessarily bring about the particular phenomenon known as life. But in the transformations of worlds these phenomena of life can be but negligible incidents, and the human race which we see so large is with all the other attendant phenomena of life in the world, and in all worlds for that matter, only as a breath in the unending cataclysms of the incomprehensible cosmos. "If any part of the story of man's place in the universe thus outlined should be challenged, and many parts are open to challenge, the challenger may be assured that, if the present interpretations of science are wrong in whole or in part, the story which will finally be told, or which may never be told, must be more marvelous than this or any other that the human mind has conceived." The 119th meeting of the Academy was held in the Assembly Room of the Cosmos Club the evening of Thursday, January 17, 1918, the occasion being the first of a series of illustrated lectures dealing with Science in Relation to the War. The speaker, Maj. S. J. M. AULD, of the British Military Mission, delivered an address on the subject Methods of gas warfare. A summary of the lecture will be found elsewhere in this number of the JOURNAL (pp. 45-58). WILLIAM R. MAXON, Recording Secretary. ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON The 517th meeting of the Society was held in the Auditorium of the U. S. National Museum on Tuesday, December 4, 1917, at 4.30 p.m. At this meeting Dr. AMANDUS JOHNSON, of the University of Pennsylvania, addressed the society on The Scandinavian peoples, illustrating his address with lantern slides. The Scandinavian Peninsula has undoubtedly been inhabited by its present occupants for 10,000 years or more. When the climate of the country became tolerable after the vast icefields receded, tribes of the Aryan race found their way into southern Sweden, and established there the original home of the Germanic peoples. About the year 3000 B.C., at the end of the Stone Age, considerable advancement in culture had been made, and during the Bronze Age the decorative instinct of the people found expression in works of art unsurpassed elsewhere in Europe at that period. Later the Hallstatt and La Tène civilizations made their influence felt and finally, about the beginning of the Christian Era, Roman culture became the predominant foreign influence. An extensive trade developed with the western world during the following centuries, and many remains of this intercourse are found in Sweden and Denmark. The most important period historically is the so-called Viking Age, 800-1000 A.D. Wonderful progress had been made in shipping and navigation. Fleets of the Viking ships appeared on almost every shore. The bold sailors sacked cities on the Mediterranean and Black Seas, ruled Ireland for generations, and conquered parts of France, England, and Spain; they founded Russia, and settled colonies in America and numerous other places. Finally Christianity was introduced and the Scandinavians settled down to a life of peaceful toil. The mental and spiritual reaction following the Viking expeditions was intense. A prose literature grew up, especially in Ireland. This was the most remarkable in Europe at the time and was the only original prose of the Germanic race. With it was coupled a poetry no less important. This art died, however, at about the time when distinct Scandinavian nationalities began to develop, and from the twelfth century onward we find long stretches of time nearly void of mental activity. From this period Sweden began to lead a more separate life, but Denmark and Norway were gradually drawn closer together until the latter country nearly lost its identity. Denmark was the leading power of the north until the appearance of Gustavus Adolphus. Then Sweden acquired the supremacy. Through the supreme ability of her leaders she changed the course of European history and for more than a century played the rôle of a great power. In modern times Sweden has produced leading scientists, created a rich literature, and developed large industrial establishments. area. After 1644 Denmark was weakened from time to time by the curtailment of her territory until in 1864 she was reduced to her present In the fields of science, letters, and art, however, she can point to brilliant achievements. Norway paid the price of dependency for many generations, and not until her separation from Denmark can we speak of a worthy Norwegian literature. But in the last century the leadership of the drama belongs to her, and in many lines of achievement some of her names rank among the first. The 518th meeting of the Society was held in the Lecture Hall of the Public Library, on Tuesday, December 18, 1917, at 8 p.m. On this occasion Dr. DANIEL FOLKMAR, U. S. Tariff Commission, delivered a lecture on Japan: people and policies, illustrated by numerous lantern slides. Dr. Folkmar opened his address by asking "Who are the Japanese? Are they as closely related to the Chinese as many Americans think, or |