David Dubinsky, 1710 Broadway, New York, president of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. Samuel Goldwyn, 1041 North Formosa Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif., motion-picture producer and president of Samuel Goldwyn Productions. Siegfried Hartman, 39 Broadway, New York, attorney. Alfred McCosker, 1440 Broadway, New York, chairman of WOR. Walter Reuther, 411 West Milwaukee Avenue, Detroit 2, Mich., president of the United Automobile Workers. Grantland Rice, 1158 Fifth Avenue, New York, syndicated sports columnist. Robert W. Woodruff, Coca-Cola Co., Atlanta, Ga., chairman of the Board, CocaCola Co. Walter S. Mack, Jr., 47–51 Thirty-third Street, Long Island City, president of the Pepsi-Cola Co. Frank Stanton, 485 Madison Avenue, New York, president of the Columbia Broadcasting System. Philip Murray, United Mine Workers Building, Washington, D. C., president, CIO. Carl Whitmore, 140 West Street, New York, president, New York Telephone Co. James A. Farley, 515 Madison Avenue, New York, chairman of board, Coca-Cola Export Co. Mark Woods, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, president, American Broadcasting Co. William Green, A. F. of L. Building, Washington, D. C., president, American Federation of Labor. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, 400 Riverside Drive, New York City, Protestant church leader, minister emeritus, Riverside Church. John Hay Whitney, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York City, president, J. H. Whitney Co. Lowell Thomas, 50 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, syndicated news commentator. Lois Mattox Miller, 350 East Fifty-second Street, New York City, science writer, Reader's Digest. Barry Bingham, Courier-Journal and Times, Louisville, Ky., publisher, Louisville Courier-Journal and Times. Leonard Lyons, 75 West Street, New York City, syndicated columnist. Matthew Woll, 570 Lexington Avenue, New York City, second council member, American Federation of Labor. Alfred Howell, 524 Fifth Avenue, New York City, vice president, Guaranty Trust Co. Dr. Irving Wright, 400 Madison Avenue, New York City, heart specialist. Seymour Berkson, 235 East Forty-fifth Street, New York City, general manager, International News Service. Mrs. Ted Thackrey, 133 East Sixty-fourth Street, New York City, publisher, New York Post. Dr. Henry Simms, department of pathology, Columbia University, 630 West One Hundred Sixty-eighth Street, New York City, heart specialist, Department of Pathology, Columbia University. Mrs. Peter Rathvon, 9955 Beverly Road Drive, Beverly Hills, Calif., wife of president of RKO Pictures. Bernard F. Gimbel, Broadway and Thirty-third Street, New York City, president, Gimbel Bros., Inc. Dr. Charles A. R. Connor, 1790 Broadway, New York City, medical director, American Heart Association. M. Lincoln Schuster, 1230 Sixth Avenue, New York City, chairman of board, Simon & Schuster (publishers). Dr. Joshua Loth Liebman, Temple Israel, Boston, Mass., Jewish religious leader, Temple Israel. Mrs. Arthur Baer, 1095 Park Avenue, New York City, wife of Bugs Baer, syndicated columnist. Governor James Cox, Miami Daily News, Miami, Fla., publisher. Mrs. Daniel Mahoney, Miami Daily News, Miami, Fla., publisher. Dr. Arlie Barnes, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., heart specialist, Mayo Clinic. Miss Jessica Daves, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York City, editor Vogue magazine. Miss Eleanor Lambert, 598 Madison Avenue, New York City, public relations expert. Miss Leonora Corbett, the Waldorf Astoria, Fiftieth Street and Park Avenue, New York City, stage actress. Daniel Mahoney, Miami Daily News, Miami, Fla., publisher, Miami Daily News. Mrs. Bernard Gimbel, 299 Park Avenue, New York City, wife of president of Dr. Harry Goldblatt, Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif., heart specialist, medical research department, Cedars of Lebanon Hospital. Henry Luce, Time and Life Building, New York City, editor in chief, Time and Life, Inc. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 29 Washington Square, New York City, syndicated columnist. Dr. David D. Rutstein, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., professor of preventive medicine, Harvard Medical School. Julius Ochs Adler, 229 West Forty-third Street, New York City, publisher, New York Times. Joan Bennett, 515 South Mapleton, Beverly Hills, Calif., motion picture actress. Walter Wanger, 515 South Mapleton, Beverly Hills, Calif., president, Walter Wanger Productions, motion picture producer. James S. Adams, 44 Wall Street, New York City, partner, Lazard Freres. Dr. Paul White, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., heart specialist, Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Harold W. Dodds, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J., president, Princeton University. Mrs. Harold Guinzberg, 16 East Sixty-fourth Street, New York City, wife of owner of Viking Press. Harold Guinzberg, 16 East Sixty-fourth Street, New York City, owner of Viking Press. Dr. Howard Rusk, 229 West Forty-third Street, New York City, associate editor, New York Times. James Douglas, 1 North Stonegate Road, Lake Forest, Ill., business man, Gardner, Paul Walter, Leader Building, Cleveland, Ohio, suggested by R. N. Gorman. Merrill Meigs, Hearst Building, Chicago, Ill., publisher, Chicago American. Billy Rose, Ziegfeld Theatre, 1347 Sixth Avenue, New York City, syndicated columnist and producer. Bleecker, Marquette, Public Health Federation, Cincinnati, Ohio, director, Cincinnati Public Health Federation. Henry Stampleman, 515 Madison Avenue, New York City, president, Henry Stampleman, Inc., (public relations firm). Frank Mullen, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, executive vice president, National Broadcasting Co. Art Linkletter, care of CBS, Hollywood, Calif, radio artist. F. J. Sensenbrenner, Kimberly Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis., on board of directors (otherwise retired). Malcolm Muir, Newsweek Building, New York City, president, Newsweek. Mrs. Gardner Cowles, care of Look Magazine, 511 Fifth Avenue, New York City, associate editor. Lewis Allen Weiss, Mutual Broadcasting Co., 5515 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, Calif., chairman of board, Mutual Broadcasting Co. Robert E. Strauss, American National Bank & Trust Co., Chicago, Ill., vice president, American National Bank & Trust Co. George Nixon, 33 North La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill. Maurice Goldblatt, Goldblatt Bros. Department Stores, 333 South State Street, Chicago, Ill., chairman of board, Goldblatt Bros. Department Stores. John Kimberly, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis. AFTER RECESS The subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 1 o'clock p. m., Senator Smith (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Senator SMITH. The committee will please come to order. I will submit for the record at this point a statement of Congressman Smathers which he has asked to have inserted in the record. (The statement submitted by Representative Smathers is as follows:) STATEMENT OF HON. GEORGE A. SMATHERS, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF FLORIDA Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you and the members of the committee for the opportunity of appearing in behalf of legislation which is designed to set up a division of the Federal Government for the puropse of studying and investigating the cause, treatment, and cure of heart diseases. There was recently an article in the American Legion magazine, from which I should like to quote, as I believe that it presents the need for the adoption of some legislation along this line more clearly and emphatically than I could ever do. "Recently a popular magazine published a bright and hopeful article which said in effect that it is our privilege to die of heart disease, the fact that more and more of us do is a sign that we are living longer and resisting other afflictions. "Perhaps the author felt he was doing a service in speaking so hopefully about a dreadful subject. Actually he was helping to perpetuate a public indifference and fatalism toward heart disease which has already held back medical progress. The truth is that heart disease is at once the most serious and most neglected of all American health problems." Far from being the sole property of the aged and infirm, various forms of heart disease impair and kill more people in all walks of life and all age groups than do any other four diseases combined. The grim harvest of child lives exacted by such spectacular terrors as infantile paralysis is as nothing compared with the hundreds of thousands of little children who suffer and die from one heart affliction alone, rheumatic heart disease. More than a million children have this disease today. Of all deaths in the 20-59 age group, 30 percent are caused by heart and artery diseases, and in 1944 more children died of diseases of the heart than the total number of deaths of all ages from infantile paralysis. Actually, the chances are greater that you will die of heart disease than of any other affliction, and if you do, your doctor might just as well say that you died of ignorance. More than one out of three persons in the United States will, according to the present trend, die of heart disease. In 1945 588,009 people died of diseases of the heart, and during World War II, 1,967,468 people in the United States died of heart disease-seven times more than were killed in action. Heart disease is a group name given to a whole tribe of disease assassins that attack the heart and blood vessels-"cardiovascular disease" is the more technical name. It is almost unbelievable that the prevalence of heart disease, with the danger it carries and the truly horrifying amount of damage it does, is so little realized. It seems equally unbelievable that even leading scientists still know so little about the fundamental causes. Whether it is because there is so little public financial support, or because there is so little for a doctor to do for a heart patient, it is nevertheless a fact that very few physicians specialize in the subject. Only 199 doctors in this country limit their practice to diseases of the heart, while there are 4,000 qualified specialists in ear and nose diseases. Furthermore, in the absence of better knowledge than we have today, heart-disease treatment is seldom aimed at a cure. It is a task of seeing how long doctor and patient can conspire to keep the patient alive, and although the task is sometimes well performed, that is not enough. The public requires urgently that heart research be better supported. Against the heart and blood conduit system there is a gang of more than 30 different assassins at work. We can take rheumatic fever first. Alone, it ranks with tuberculosis and syphilis as a major chronic disease. It is responsible for about 40 percent of all heart disease and more than 90 percent of childhood heart disease. Throughout the country today it causes five times as many deaths as infantile paralysis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, cerebral meningitis, measles, and whooping cough combined. Look at another common heart killer. You, yourself, developed high blood pressure. Nobody, in your case, knows why. You are only 34. You may or may not know what is threatening you. But suddenly after a hearty meal, a blood vessel bursts in your brain. Apoplexy. You may die instantly. You may survive until the next attack with one side paralyzed. Or, depending more on luck than science, you may last a long time. Your friends say, "Hear about Joe? He had a stroke." Your doctor says, "Take it easy; quit work." Or you may be older. At 50 the walls of your arteries may have begun to thicken and lose their elasticity. Again, nobody knows why. But as you hurry for a train you have a frightening pressure in the chest accompanied by increasing pain that is presently agonizing. You are drenched in perspiration. You lie on a bench in the station with a crowd staring at you. Someone calls a doctor and you are taken to a hospital. Diagnosis: coronary thrombosis-a blood clot in your heart. Treatment? "Take it easy, old man." You may get over it and be all right until the next one comes. No one knows for sure what causes it or how to cure it. Yet, as I pointed out a minute ago, despite the fact that heart disease is far and away the greatest killer of our time, very little study or research is done in this field. Look for a moment at the amounts of money raised in 1945 to fight four death-dealing diseases: Infantile paralysis, which caused 1,186 deaths_. $16, 000, 000 15, 500, 000 4, 000, 000 39,000 A recent poll shows that 83 percent of the people are anxious that the Congress undertake a program for research into the causes, treatment, and cure of heart diseases. Eighty percent said that they were willing to pay more taxes in order to have the Congress behind the opinion of the country, and this seems to be true once again. I wish to state here that the National Heart Committee strongly endorses this legislation. Its members are distinguished citizens from all over the United States who have contributed their time and efforts to the fight against heart disease. I would like to list the members of the executive committee: Ted R. Gamble, chairman; Mrs. Anna M. Rosenberg and Emerson Foote, vice chairmen ; Norman Winter, executive secretary; Mrs. Wendell Willkie, Gen. William Donovan, Mrs. Albert D. Lasker, Don Francisco, and Robert Coyne. I urge the members of the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee to favorably report out legislation designed toward curbing the greatest of all killers. Senator SMITH. I am submitting further for inclusion in the record a statement submitted on behalf of the American Medical Association by Dr. Edward L. Bortz in connection with this bill. (The statement referred to follows:) STATEMENT OF DR. EDWARD L. BORTZ, ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, my name is Dr. Edward L. Bortz. I practice medicine in Philadelphia, Pa., and I am submitting this statement as president of the American Medical Association. I appreciate your courtesy in permitting me to file written comments and regret that other commitments have interfered with my personal appearance before the committee. Diseases and degenerative processes of the circulatory sytem, which includes the heart and the blood vessels of the body, are the principle cause of death in the United States each year. Every encouragement should be given, therefore, for the promotion of investigations which will lead to a clearer understanding of the processes underlying these various afflictions. When more knowledge is available with reference to the underlying cause of degenerative disturbances in the circulatory sytem, it is not too optimistic to assume that more effective means for their control should follow. More than a half million lives are destroyed each year because of these degenerative conditions. This loss of life is due to the fact that at present medical science has no effective means whereby the progression of events in these conditions can be interrupted, such as hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, coronary disease, and certain infections which destroy the tissues of the heart and the blood vessels of the body. There is a definite need for funds to finance researches in the various particular phases of the diseases of the circulatory system and recognition should be given to the importance of encouraging the research now going on and of providing for the training of scientists particularly in the basic sciences, be cause at the present time there is insufficient financial support of this group whose investigations are so basically important to medical science. With an adequate financing program a larger number of trained personnel should be made available. S. 2215 contemplates a broad program of research; and the committee will, I feel confident, wish to frame the legislation carefully to the end that its objectives may be reached. With that thought in mind, I suggest that serious consideration be given to the qualifications to be possessed by the 12 appointive members of the National Heart Council to be created by section 3 (a). As the bill is now phrased, it is proposed that they be "leaders in the fields of fundamental sciences, medical sciences, education, or public affairs." The subject matter dealt with by this bill involves many highly technical scientific problems and the appointive members should by reason of their experience and training be qualified to bring to the solution of these problems the type of technical aid that will be of the greatest value to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service in carrying on the functions to be devolved on him. It may be questioned whether a leader in the field of public affairs will be particularly equipped to make very much of a contribution to the promotion of the kind of research contemplated by the bill. Since this Council is expected to make a definite contribution to the research program, consideration should be given to the desirability of clothing it with more authority than now seems to be contemplated by the bill. Section 7 (b) would authorize the Surgeon General, with the approval of the Administrator of the Federal Security Agency, to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the law. Here it would seem that the advice and counsel of the members of the National Heart Council should be heeded in formulating the rules and regulations other than those relating solely to administration. Section 3 (e) provides that the Council shall meet "from time to time to (1) advise the Surgeon General on the conduct of the program of the National Heart Institute and (2) to review and make recommendations regarding requests for grants-in-aid for research, education, and control." It seems to me that it is important that the Council keep in close contact with developments and possibly it should be required to meet at least once each year and at such other times as occasions necessitate. Section 2 devolves a number of important responsibilities on the Surgeon General, including the promotion of research projects relating to the cause, prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, the coordination of research in this field, the making available of grants-in-aid, the granting of fellowships and traineeships, and so on. The bill is not entirely clear with respect to the part that the Council will assume in aiding the Surgeon General in performing each of these functions. If the Council is to be composed of members who are eminent in the field embraced by this bill, and I sincerely hope that they will be, then I would like to see a fuller utilization made of their combined knowledge. It would seem to be, too, that the Surgeon General would welcome that utilization. There may be precedents for the creation of a Council such as contemplated by S. 2215 to aid a Federal administrative official in carrying out the provisions of a law and of which this administrative official is himself a member. It does seem somewhat incongruous to me, however, for the Congress to designate a Federal official to advise himself as to what action he should or should not take. Perhaps the committee will wish to consider the propriety of such an arrangement. I hope the committee, too, will consider this bill in connection with the broader pending legislation contemplating the creation of a National Science Foundation, S. 2385, introduced by Senator Smith, for himself and Senator Cordon, Senator Revercomb, Senator Saltonstall, Senator Thomas of Utah, Senator Kilgore, Senator Magnuson, and Senator Fulbright. One of the objectives of S. 2385 is to initiate and support basic scientific research in the medical sciences and to grant scholarships and graduate fellowships in such sciences. Another objective of the bill is to consolidate and coordinate Federal activities in medical research. Two special fields of medical research have already been accorded recognition by congressional action, research relating to cancer which kills 185,000 people a year and research relating to mental disorders which account for more than 57,000 occupied hospital beds. Perhaps these types of research and the type contemplated by S. 2215 do justify this special emphasis. Careful consideration should be given, however, lest these special emphases lead to a multiplicity of |