to in the hope that those of each state may be of some use to the practitioners of that state. 118 Ala. 1, 24 So. 89; Lewis v. State, 123 Ala. 84, 26 So. 516; Williams v. Board of Revenue, 123 Ala. 432, 26 So. 346; State v. Crook, 126 Ala. 600, 28 So. 745; Sheppard v. Dow. ling, 127 Ala. 1, 28 So. 791, 85 Am. St. Rep. 68; Ellis v. Miller, 136 Ala. 185, 33 So. 890. California: Ex parte Kohler, 74 Cal. 38, 15 Pac. 436; People v. Dunn, 80 Cal. 211, 22 Pac. 140, 13 Am. St. Rep. 118; Pennie v. State. 80 Cal. 266, 22 Pac. 176; People v. Superior Ct., 100 Cal. 105, 34 Pac. 492; Jones v. Falvella, 126 Cal. 24, 58 Pac. 311; Los Angeles County v. Spencer, 126 Cal. 670, 59 Pac. 202, 77 Am. St. Rep. 217; People v. King, 127 Cal. 570, 60 Pac. 35; People v. Linda Vista Irr. Dist., 128 Cal. 477, 61 Pac. 86; Carpenter v. Furry, 128 Cal. 665, 61 Pac. 369; People v. Mul lender, 132 Cal. 217, 64 Pac. 299; People v. Cobb, 133 Cal. 74, 65 Pac. 325; Jackson v. Baehr, 138 Cal. 266, 71 Pac. 167. Colorado: Stockman v. Brooks, 17 Colo. 248, 29 Pac. 746; Airy v. People, 21 Colo. 144, 40 Pac. 362; Cardillo v. People, 26 Colo. 355, 58 Pac. 678; Liggett v. People, 26 Colo. 364, 58 Pac. 144; Lamar Canal Co. v. Amity Land & Irr. Co., 26 Colo. 370, 58 Pac. 600, 77 Am. St. Rep. 261; Merwin v. County Com'rs, 29 Colo. 169, 67 Pac. 285; Mollie Gib. son Con. M. & M. Co. v. Sharp. 5 Colo. App. 321, 35 Pac. 918. Florida: Holton v. State, 28 Fla. 303, 9 So. 716; Smith v. State, 29 Fla. 408, 10 So. 894. Georgia: Spier v. Morgan, 80 Ga. 581, 5 S. E. 768; Macon & Birmingham R. R. Co. v. Gibson, 85 Ga. 1, 11 S. E. 442, 21 Am. St. Rep. 135; Columbus Southern Ry. Co. v. Wright, 89 Ga. 574, 15 S. E. 293; Butler v. State, 89 Ga. 821, 15 S. E 763; Silvey v. Phoenix Ins. Co., 94 Ga. 609, 21 S. E. 607; Carson v. Mayor, 94 Ga. 617, 20 S. E. 116; McCommons v. English, 100 Ga. 653, 28 S. E. 386; Brand v. Lawrenceville, 104 Ga. 486, 30 S. E. 954; Cunningham v. Griffin, 107 Ga. 690, 33 S. E. 664; Murray v. State, 112 Ga. 7, 37 S. E. 111; Welborne v. State, 114 Ga. 793, 40 S. E. 857; Hirsch v. Brunswick, 114 Ga. 776, 40 S. E. 786. Illinois: Danville v. Danville W. W. Co., 180 Ill. 235, 54 N. E. 224; Boehm v. Hertz, 182 III. 154, 54 N. E. 973, 48 L. R. A. 575; Arms v. Ayer, 192 Ill. 601, 61 N. E. 851, 85 Am. St. Rep. 357; In re St. Louis Loan & Invest. Co., 194 Ill. 609, 62 N. E. 810. Indiana: Rushville Gas Co. v. Rushville, 121 Ind. 206, 23 N. E. 72, 16 Am. St. Rep. 388; State v. Kolsem, 130 Ind. 434, 29 N. E. 595, 14 L. R. A. 566; Smith v. McClain, 146 Ind. 77, 45 N. E. 41; Chicago & Eastern Ill. R. R. Co. v. State, 153 Ind. 134, 51 N. E. 924; Gustavel v. State, 153 Ind. 613, 54 N. E. 123; Burget v. Merritt, 155 Ind. 143. 57 N. E. 714; Parks v. State, 159 Ind. 211, 64 N. E. 862. Iowa: Guaranty Savings & L Ass'n v. Ascherman, 108 Iowa, 150, 78 N. W. 823. Kansas: Barber Co. Com'rs v. § 170. Miscellaneous cases in which acts were held not to conform to the constitution as to title.- Where the title of an act indicated a general law and the body of the Smith, 48 Kan. 331, 29 Pac. 559, Maryland: Ellicott Machine Co. 565; State v. Campbell, 50 Kan. v. Speed, 72 Md. 22, 18 Atl. 863; 433, 32 Pac. 35; Blaker v. Hood, 53 Gans v. Carter, 77 Md. 1, 25 Atl. Kan. 499, 36 Pac. 1115, 24 L. R. A. 663; Bond v. State, 78 Md. 523, 28 854; Eudora v. Darling, 54 Kan. Atl. 407; Hamilton v. Carroll, 82 654, 39 Pac. 184; Lynch v. Chase, Md. 326, 33 Atl. 648; Phinney v. 55 Kan. 367, 40 Pac. 666; Aikman Sheppard, etc. Hospital, 88 Md. 633, v. Edwards, 55 Kan. 751, 42 Pac. 42 Atl. 58. 366, 30 L. R. A. 149; State v. Shepard, 64 Kan. 451, 67 Pac. 870; State v. Wilcox, 64 Kan. 789, 68 Pac. 662; State v. Dunn, 66 Kan. 483, 71 Pac. 811; Higgins v. Mitchell Co., 6 Kan. App. 314, 51 Pac. 72; Inlow v. Graham Co., 6 Kan. App. 391, 51 Pac. 65; State v. Haun, 7 Kan. App. 509. 54 Pac. 130; Ireton v. Lonbuer, 9 Kan. App. 561, 58 Pac. 278. v. Kentucky: Commonwealth Godshow, 92 Ky. 435, 17 S. W. 737; Van Meter v. Spurrier, 94 Ky. 22, 21 S. W. 337; White v. Commonwealth, 20 Ky. L. R. 1942, 50 S. W. 678: Raubold v. Commonwealth, 21 Ky. L. R. 1125, 54 S. W. 17; Murphy v. Louisville, 24 Ky. L. R. 1574, 71 S. W. 34; Weber v. Commonwealth, 24 Ky. L. R. 1726, 72 S. W. 30; Commonwealth v. McConnell, 25 Ky. L. R. 52; Huyser v. Commonwealth, 25 Ky. L. R. 608. Louisiana: Conery v. New Orleans W. W. Co., 41 La. Ann. 910, 7 So. 8; Lucky v. Police Jury, 46 La. Ann. 679, 15 So. 89; State v. People's Slaughter House, etc. Co., 46 La. Ann. 1031. 15 So. 408; McKeon v. Sumner Building Supply Co., 51 La. Ann. 1961, 26 So. 430; State v. Lee, 106 La. 400, 31 So. 14. Michigan: Feek V. Township Board, 82 Mich. 393, 47 N. W. 37, 10 L. R. A. 69; Hall v. Burlingame. 88 Mich. 438. 50 N. W. 289; Frary v. Allen, 91 Mich. 666, 52 N. W. 78; Van Husan v. Hearnes, 96 Mich. 504, 56 N. W. 22; Toll v. Jerome, 101 Mich. 468, 59 N. W. 816; Grand Rapids v. Burlingame, 102 Mich. 321, 60 N. W. 698; Rice v. Hosking, 105 Mich. 303, 63 N. W. 311, 55 Am. St. Rep. 448; Barnard v. McLeod, 114 Mich. 73, 72 N. W. 24; Jackson v. Jackson Co., 117 Mich. 305, 75 N. W. 617; Sunderlin v. Board of Sup'rs, 119 Mich. 535, 78 N. W. 651; Board of State Tax Com'rs V. Board of Assessors, 124 Mich. 491, 83 N. W. 209; Chipman v. Wayne Co. Auditors, 127 Mich. 490, 86 N. W. 1024; Jackson & Suburban Traction Co. v. Commissioner of R. R., 128 Mich. 164, 87 N. W. 133; Shearer v. Board of Sup'rs, 128 Mich. 552. 87 N. W. 789. Minnesota: Stolz v. Thompson, 44 Minn. 271. 46 N. W. 410; State v. Bigelow, 52 Minn. 307, 54 N. W. 95; Willis v. Standard Oil Co., 50 Minn. 290, 52 N. W. 652; Kelly v. Minneapolis City. 57 Minn. 294. 59 N. W. 304, 47 Am. St. Rep. 605, 26 L. R. A. 92; Lynott v. Dickerman, 65 act, though in form general, was so qualified and limited that it could apply to only one county, and was therefore local, the title was held to be misleading and the act void.68 Under a Minn. 471, 67 N. W. 1143; Fleckten v. Lamberton, 69 Minn. 187, 72 N. W. 65; Anderson v. Seymour, 70 Minn. 358, 73 N. W. 171; State v. Phillips, 73 Minn. 77, 75 N. W. 1029; Wm. Deering Co. v. Peterson, 75 Minn. 118, 77 N. W. 568; O'Brien v. St. Croix Boom Co., 75 Minn. 343, 77 N. W. 991; State v. West Duluth Land Co., 75 Minn. 456, 71 N. W. 1115; Benz v. St. Paul, 77 Minn. 375, 82 N. W. 1118; McCollis ter v. Bishop, 78 Minn. 228, 80 N. W. 1118. Missouri: State v. Hughes, 104 Mo. 459, 16 S. W. 489; State v. Or. rick, 106 Mo. 111, 17 S. W. 176, 329; State v. Kingsley, 108 Mo. 135, 13 S. W. 994; Ward v. Board of Equalization, 135 Mo. 309. 36 S. W. 648; State v. Bockstruck, 136 Mo. 335, 38 S. W. 317; State v. Firemen's Fund Ins. Co., 152 Mo. 1, 52 S. W. 595: State v. Mason, 155 Mo. 486, 55 S. W. 636; State v. Beugsch, 170 Mo. 81, 70 S. W. 710; Elting v. Hickman, 172 Mo. 237, 72 S. W. 700. Montana: Jobb v. Meagher Co., 20 Mont. 424, 51 Pac. 1034. Nebraska: Singer Mfg. Co. v. Fleming, 39 Neb. 679, 58 N. W. 226, 42 Am. St. Rep. 613; Bishop v. Middleton, 43 Neb. 10, 61 N. W. 129, 26 L. R. A. 445; Stoppert v. Nierle, 45 Neb. 105, 63 N. W. 382; State v. Moore, 48 Neb. 870, 67 N. W. 876; State v. Stuht, 52 Neb. 209, 71 N. W. 941: Bryant v. Dakota Co., 53 Neb. 755, 74 N. W. 313; Howard v. Supervisors, 54 Neb. 443, 74 N. W. 953, 961; Nebraska L. & B. Ass'n v. Nevada: State v. Ruhe, 24 Nev. 251, 52 Pac. 274. New Jersey: Mortland v. State, 52 N. J. L. 521, 20 Atl. 673; State v. Cherry, 53 N. J. L. 173, 20 Atl. 825; State v. Wescott, 55 N. J. L. 78, 25 Atl. 269; State v. Crusins, 57 N. J. L. 279, 31 Atl. 235; Board of Education v. Cliffside Park, 63 N. J. L. 371, 43 Atl. 722; Cooper v. Springer, 65 N. J. L. 594, 48 Atl. 605; State v. Diamond Mills Paper Co., 63 N. J. Eq. 111, 51 Atl. 1019. New York: People v. Fitch, 147 N. Y. 355, 41 N. E. 695; Perkins v. Heert, 158 N. Y. 306, 53 N. E. 18, 70 Am. St. Rep. 483, 43 L. R. A. 858; People v. Coler, 173 N. Y. 103, 65 N. E. 956; Wrought Iron Bridge Co. v. Attica, 49 Hun, 513, 2 N. Y. S. 359; Fort v. Cummins, 90 Hun, 481, 36 N. Y. S. 36; Dunton v. Hume, 15 App. Div. 122, 44 N. Y. S. 305; Potter v. Collis, 19 App. Div. 392, 46 N. Y. S. 471; Matter of Buffalo Traction Co., 25 App. Div. 447, 49 N. Y. S. 1052; Matter of Clinton Ave., 57 App. Div. 166, 68 N. Y. S. 196; People v. Kent, 83 App. Div. 554, 82 N. Y. S. 172; People v. Webster, 8 Misc. 133, 28 N. Y. S. 646. North Dakota: State v. Haas. 2 N. D. 202, 50 N. W. 254; State v. Barnes, 3 N. D. 319, 55 N. W. 883; Tribune Print. & Binding Co. v. Barnes, 7 N. D. 591, 75 N. W. 904; 68 Wagner v. Milwaukee County, 112 Wis. 601, 88 N. W. 577. title "to regulate the fine and forfeiture fund of Elmore county," a provision appropriating money from the general fund of the county to the fine and forfeiture fund of the Oregon: State v. Dupuis, 18 Ore. 372, 23 Pac. 255; Simon v. Northup, 27 Ore. 487, 40 Pac. 560; Ex parte Mon Luck, 29 Ore. 421, 44 Pac. 693, 54 Am. St. Rep. 804, 32 L. R. A. 738; Spaulding Logging Co. v. Inde pendence Imp. Co., 42 Ore. 394, 71 Pac. 132. Power v. Kitching, 10 N. D. 254, 86 181 Pa. St. 390, 37 Atl. 514; Page v. N. W.737. Williamsport Suspender Co., 191 Pa. St. 511, 43 Atl. 345; In re Registration of Campbell, 197 Pa. St. 581, 47 Atl. 860; Merritt v. Whitlock, 200 Pa. St. 50, 49 Atl. 786; New Brighton v. Biddell, 201 Pa. St. 96, 50 Atl. 989; Hood v. Norton, 202 Pa. St. 114, 51 Atl. 748; Rose Hill Iron & C. Co. v. Fulton Co., 204 Pa. St. 44, 53 Atl. 530; Franklin v. Hancock, 204 Pa. St. 110, 53 Atl. 644; Rose v. Beaver Co., 204 Pa. St. 372, 54 Atl. 263; Hoff v. Person, 1 Pa. Supr. Ct. 357; Otto Tp. Road, 2 Pa. Supr. Ct. 20; Commonwealth v. Lloyd, 2 Pa. Supr. Ct. 6; Wilson v. Downing, 4 Pa. Supr. Ct. 487; Pittsburgh v. Daly, 5 Pa. Supr. Ct. 528; Shenk v. McKennon, 11 Pa. Supr. Ct. 84; Baker v. Warren Co., 11 Pa. Supr. Ct. 170; Middletown Road, 15 Pa. Supr. Ct. 167; Commonwealth v. Hanley, 15 Pa. Supr. Ct. 271; Franklin v. Hancock, 18 Pa. Supr. Ct. 398; Commonwealth v. Mintz, 19 Pa. Supr. Ct. 283; Philadelphia v. Pepper, 18 Phila. 419; Sanderson v. Com'rs, 1 Pa. Co. Ct. 342; Commonwealth v. Baum, 28 Pa. Co. Ct. 332; Pittsburgh v. Kennedy, 12 Pa. Dist. Ct. 247. Pennsylvania: Nason v. Poor Directors, 126 Pa. St. 445, 17 Atl. 616; Commonwealth v. Sellers, 130 Pa. St. 32, 18 Atl. 542; Bradley v. Pitts burgh, 130 Pa. St. 475, 18 Atl. 730; Clearfield Co. v. Cameron Tp., 135 Pa. St. 86, 19 Atl. 952; Commonwealth v. Wyman, 137 Pa. St. 508, 21 Atl. 389; Commonwealth v. Morningstar, 144 Pa. St. 103, 22 Atl. 867; De Walt v. Bartley, 146 Pa. St. 529, 24 Atl. 185, 28 Am. St. Rep. 814, 15 L. R. A. 771; Donley v. Pitts burg, 147 Pa. St. 348, 23 Atl. 394, 30 Am. St. Rep. 738; Kelley v. May. berry, 154 Pa. St. 440, 26 Atl. 595; Commonwealth v. Railway Co., 162 Pa. St. 614, 29 Atl. 696; Bruce v. Pittsburg, 166 Pa. St. 152, 30 Atl. 831; Gackenbach v. Lehigh Co., 166 Pa. St. 448, 31 Atl. 142; Commonwealth v. Keystone Benefit Ass'n, 171 Pa. St. 465, 32 Atl. 1027; Grubbs' Appeal, 174 Pa. St. 187, 34 Atl. 573; Commonwealth v. Morgan, 178 Pa. St. 198, 35 Atl. 589; Commonwealth v. Lloyd, 178 Pa. St. 308, 35 Atl. 816; Commonwealth v. Muir, 180 Pa. St. 47, 36 Atl. 413; Dorrance v. Dorranceton, 181 Pa. St. 164, 37 Atl. 200; Otto Tp. Road, South Carolina: Ex parte Bacot, 36 S. C. 125, 15 S. E. 204, 16 L. R. A. 586. South Dakota: State v. Ayers, 8 S. D. 517, 67 N. W. 611; Miles v. Benton Tp., 11 S. D. 450, 78 N. W· 1004. Tennessee: Cole Mfg. Co. v. Falls, 90 Tenn. 466, 16 S. W. 1045; Mc 69 county was held without the title. An act was entitled "An act to authorize the drainage of marsh land." It created certain persons a corporation with the usual powers, provided for its stock, management, etc., gave it power to drain and reclaim any or all of the wet or overflowed lands or tide-water marshes on or adjacent to Staten Island or Long Island, except within cities, granted to the corporation the title to all such lands when surveyed on payment of a price to be fixed, and gave it power to condemn and assess benefits. It was held that the subject was not expressed in the title and that the act was void. An act "to protect fruit trees, hedge plants and fences," simply authorized the payment of a bounty for gopher scalps. It was held that the subject of the act was not expressed, though the destruction of gophers might protect trees." An act "to Elwee v. McElwee, 97 Tenn. 649, 37 S. W. 560; Kennedy v. Montgomery County, 98 Tenn. 165, 38 S. W. 1075; State v. McMinnville, 106 Tenn. 384, 61 S. W. 785; Carroll v. Alsup, 107 Tenn. 257, 64 S. W. 193; Phillips v. Lewis, 3 Tenr. Cases, 230. Texas: Brown v. State, 32 Tex. Crim. Rep. 119, 22 S. W. 596; Jameson v. State, 32 Tex. Crim. Rep. 385, 24 S. W. 508; Ex parte Segars, 32 Tex. Crim. Rep. 553, 25 S. W. 26. Virginia: Morris v. Va. Ins. Co., 85 Va. 588, 8 S. E. 383; Prison Ass'n v. Ashby, 93 Va. 667, 25 S. E. 893. Washington: Jolliffe v. Brown, 14 Wash. 155, 44 Pac. 149, 53 Am. St. Rep. 868; Swinburn v. Mills, 17 Wash. 611, 50 Pac. 489, 61 Am. St. Rep. 932; Tacoma Land Co. v. Young, 18 Wash. 495, 52 Pac. 244; Johnston v. Wood, 19 Wash. 441, 53 Pac. 707; Lewis County v. Gor don, 20 Wash. 80, 54 Pac. 779; Merritt v. Corey, 22 Wash. 444, 61 Pac. 171: Grant v. Cole, 23 Wash. 542, 63 Pac. 263. Wisconsin: Julien v. Model B. L. & L. Ass'n, 116 Wis. 79, 92 N. W. 561. Wyoming: Farm Invest. Co. v. Carpenter, 9 Wyo. 110. 61 Pac. 258, 87 Am. St. Rep. 918, 50 L. R. A. 747. United States: Knights Templars & Masons' Life Indem. Co. v. Jarman, 187 U. S. 197, 23 S. C. Rep. 108: Morgan v. Des Moines, 54 Fed. 456; Travelers' Ins. Co. v. Oswego, 59 Fed. 58, 7 C. C. A. 669, 19 U. S. App. 321; Preston v. Finley, 72 Fed. 850: Roberts v. Brooks, 78 Fed. 411, 24 C. C. A. 158; Picken v. Post, 99 Fed. 659, 41 C. C. A. 1. 69 Sanders v. Court of County Com'rs, 117 Ala. 543, 23 So. 788; Pierce v. Court of County Com'rs, 117 Ala. 569, 23 So. 790. 70 Coxe v. State, 144 N. Y. 396, 39 N. E. 400. 71 Clark v. Wallace Co. Com'rs, 54 Kan. 634, 39 Pac. 225. |