SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR APPLES FOR PROCESSING

SOURCE: $ 51.340 to 51.344 appear at 18 F. R. 7081, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.340 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of apples of one variety which are not overripe and which are free from decay, worm holes, freezing injury and internal breakdown. The apples shall also be free from any defect which cannot be removed during the usual commercial preparation for use without causing a loss of over 5 percent, by weight, of the apple in excess of that which would occur if the apple were perfect. (See § 51.343.)

§ 51.341 U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 shall consist of apples of one variety which are not overripe and which are free from freezing injury and internal breakdown. The apples shall also be free from any defect which cannot be removed during the usual commercial preparation for use without causing a loss of over 25 percent, by weight, of the apple in excess of that which would occur if the apple were perfect. (See § 51.343.)

CULLS

§ 51.342 Culls. Culls shall consist of apples which do not meet the requirements of either of the foregoing grades.

SIZE

§ 51.343 Size. The minimum size and range of size may be fixed by agreement between buyer and seller. The measurement for minimum size shall be the largest diameter taken at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end and the measurement for maximum size shall be the smallest diameter taken at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end.

TOLERANCES

§ 51.344 Tolerances. In the application of these standards it is contemplated that in most instances sellers will not sort their apples into separate lots of the various grades and sizes before delivery to the buyer, and that the buyer will pay on the basis of the percentage of each grade and size in the lot as determined by inspection. In such cases, there is no need for tolerances. If the contract between buyer and seller provides for the delivery of lots containing only one grade and size, such as "U. S.

No. 1-24 inches up," "U. S. No. 1-21⁄4 to 21⁄2 inches," or "U. S. No. 2-24 inches up," then unless otherwise specified, a 10 percent tolerance shall be allowed for apples which fail to meet the requirements of the grade upon which the contract is based, and an additional tolerance of 5 percent shall be allowed for apples below any specified minimum size and an additional tolerance of 10 percent shall be permitted for apples above any specified maximum size. SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR FRESH SHELLED LIMA BEANS FOR PROCESSING SOURCE: §§ 51.355 to 51.362 appear at 18 F. R. 7081, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.355 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of shelled lima beans of similar varietal characteristics which are fairly tender, have a green color and which are free from decay and from injury caused by discoloration, shriveling, sunscald, heating, freezing, disease, insects, or other means.

§ 51.356 U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 consists of shelled lima beans which are free from decay, and from damage caused by discoloration, shriveling, sunscald, heating, freezing, disease, insects, or other means.

CULLS; FOREIGN MATERIAL

§ 51.357 Culls. Culls are lima beans which fail to meet the requirements of either of the foregoing grades.

§ 51.358 Foreign material. Thistle buds, weed seeds, pods or other foreign material are not incorporated in the standards since their presence is not a factor of quality for the purpose of these grades. However, the amount of such foreign material permitted in a lot may be fixed by agreement between grower and processor.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.359 Fairly tender. "Fairly tender" means that the lima beans are not hard, tough, or rubbery.

§ 51.360 Green color. "Green color" means that the cotyledons of each bean shall have a green color characteristic of a tender or fairly tender bean for the variety.

§ 51.361 Injury. “Injury" means any defect which more than slightly affects the canning or freezing quality. Split or

§ 51.378 U. S. No. 1. “U. S. No. 1" consists of beets of similar varietal characteristics the roots of which are well trimmed, firm, fairly smooth, fairly well shaped, fairly clean and free from soft rot and free from damage caused by cuts, freezing, growth cracks, disease, rodents or insects, or mechanical or other means. Bunched beets or beets with shorttrimmed tops shall have tops which are fresh and free from decay and free from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means.

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the diameter of each beet shall be not less than 11⁄2 inches. (See § 51.381.)

§ 51.379 U. S. No. 2. "U. S. No. 2" consists of beets of similar varietal characteristics the roots of which are well trimmed, firm, not excessively rough, not seriously misshapen and which are free from soft rot and free from serious damage caused by cuts, dirt, freezing, growth cracks, disease, rodents or insects, or mechanical or other means. Bunched beets or beets with short-trimmed tops shall have tops which are fresh and free from decay and free from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means.

§ 51.381 Tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted:

(a) For bunched beets-(1) For defects of roots. 10 percent, by count, for roots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, including therein not more than 1 percent for soft rot;

(2) For defects of tops. 10 percent, by count, for bunches with tops in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay;

(3) For off-size roots. 5 percent, by count, for roots in any lot which are smaller than the specified minimum diameter, and 10 percent, by count, for roots which are larger than any specified maximum diameter; and,

(4) For off-length tops. 5 percent, by count, for bunches with tops in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the style.

(b) For beets with short-trimmed tops or topped beets-(1) For defects of roots. 10 percent, by weight, for roots in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for defects causing serious damage, including therein not more than 1 percent for soft rot;

(2) For defects of tops. 10 percent, by weight, for roots with tops in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 5 percent for decay;

(3) For off-size roots. 5 percent, by weight, for roots in any lot which are smaller than the specified minimum di

ameter, and 10 percent, by weight, for roots which are larger than any specified maximum diameter; and,

(4) For off-length tops. 10 percent, by weight, for beets with tops in any lot which fail to meet the requirements of the style specified.

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES

§ 51.382 Application of tolerances. (a) The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade:

(1) For packages which contain more than 5 pounds and a tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided, individual packages in any lot shall have not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified. For packages which contain more than 5 pounds and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is provided, individual packages in any lot shall have not more than double the tolerance specified except that at least one defective and one off-size specimen shall be permitted in any package; and,

(2) For packages which contain 5 pounds or less, individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects and off-size: Provided, That not more than one beet which is frozen or affected by soft rot may be permitted in any package.

STANDARD BUNCHING

§ 51.383 Standard bunching. (a) Standard bunches of beets shall be fairly uniform in size and each bunch of beets shall weigh not less than 1 pound and contain at least 3 beets.

(b) Not more than 10 percent of the bunches in any lot may fail to meet the requirements for "Standard Bunching".

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.384 Well trimmed. "Well trimmed" means that unattractive secondary rootlets have been removed and that any objectionably long or coarse tail-like part of the root has been cut off.

§ 51.385 Firm. "Firm" means that the beet root is not soft, flabby or shriveled.

§ 51.386 Fairly smooth. "Fairly smooth" means that the root is not rough or ridged to the extent that the appearance is materially affected. Very

slight roughness over the crown or very slight pitting caused by the shedding of dead leaves shall not be considered as materially affecting the appearance.

§ 51.387 Fairly well shaped. "Fairly well shaped" means that the root is not misshapen to the extent that the appearance is materially affected.

§ 51.388 Fairly clean. "Fairly clean" means that the individual root is reasonably free from dirt, stain or other foreign matter, and that the general appearance of the roots in the container is not more than slightly affected.

§ 51.389 Damage. "Damage" means any defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the individual beet root, or the general appearance of the beet roots in the container, or causes a loss of more than 5 percent, by weight, in the ordinary preparation for use, or which materially affects the appearance or shipping quality of the tops. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage:

(a) Growth cracks when not shallow and not smooth or when the appearance is materially affected; and,

(b) Discoloration when yellowing or other discoloration of the tops materially affect the appearance of the bunch. The appearance of bunches with tops having slight discoloration such as yellowing, browning, or other abnormal color affecting a few leaves shall not be considered materially affected.

§ 51.390 Fresh. "Fresh" means that the tops are not badly wilted.

§ 51.391 Diameter. "Diameter" means the greatest dimension of the root measured at right angles to a line running from the crown to the base of the root.

edible or shipping quality of the individual beet, or the general appearance of the beets in the container, or causes a loss of more than 20 percent, by weight, in the ordinary preparation for use. SUBPART-UNITED STATES CONSUMER STANDARDS FOR ITALIAN SPROUTING BROCCOLI SOURCE: 51.400 to 51.412 appear at 18 F. R. 7082, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.400 U. S. Grade A. U. S. Grade A consists of stalks, or parts of stalks of Italian sprouting broccoli which are well trimmed, and have good characteristic color, and fairly compact bud clusters; and which are fresh, tender, and clean, and are free from decay and from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, hollow stem or pithiness, scars, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. Broccoli stalks on the shown face shall be reasonably representative in size and quality of the contents of the container.

(a) The length of the stalks or parts thereof shall be not more than 6 inches nor less than 3 inches, and the diameter of the stem shall be not less than 1/4 inch.

(b) Incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 5 percent, by weight, of the broccoli stalks or parts thereof in any lot may fail to meet the size requirements and, in addition, not more than 5 percent, by weight, may fail to meet the remaining requirements of the grade, including not more than 1 percent for decay.

§ 51.401 U. S. Grade B. U. S. Grade B consists of stalks or parts of stalks of Italian sprouting broccoli which meet the requirements of U. S. Grade A except as to compactness of bud clusters and except for the increased tolerances specified below.

(a) Stalks or parts of stalks of broccoli of this grade shall have reasonably compact bud clusters.

(b) Incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 10 percent, by weight, of the broccoli stalks or parts thereof in any lot may fail to meet the size requirements and in addition, not more than 10 percent, by weight, may fail to meet the remaining requirements of the grade, including not more than 1 percent for decay.

OFF-GRADE

§ 51.402 Off-Grade Italian sprouting broccoli. Italian sprouting broccoli which fails to meet the requirements of

either of the foregoing grades shall be Off-Grade Italian sprouting broccoli.

DEFINITIONS

a

§ 51.403 Stalk. "Stalk" means portion of the broccoli plant including the stem, bud clusters and leaves.

§ 51.404 Well trimmed. "Well trimmed" means that all coarse, damaged, and discolored leaves and leaves extending more than 11⁄2 inches above the top of the head have been removed, and that cross cuts on butts and lengthwise cuts on split stalks are smooth.

§ 51.405 Good characteristic color. "Good characteristic color" means that the stem and external portion of the head or part thereof has a light green or darker shade of green color except that purplish color shall be allowed on the external portion of the head or part thereof.

§ 51.406 Fairly compact bud clusters. "Fairly compact bud clusters" means that the individual florets of bud clusters are relatively small and fairly tightly crowded together and that the bud clusters on the stalk or part of a stalk are generally close together.

§ 51.407 Fresh. "Fresh" means that the broccoli is not flabby or more than slightly wilted.

§ 51.408 Tender. "Tender" means that the broccoli is succulent, and that the stems are not fibrous, tough or stringy.

§ 51.409 Clean. "Clean" means that the broccoli is practically free from sand, dirt, silt, muck, and other water-insoluble inorganic material.

§ 51.410 Damage. "Damage" means any defect which more than slightly affects the appearance, of the edible, shipping, or keeping quality of the individual stalks or parts thereof, or the lot as a whole. The following defects or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect shall be considered as damage:

(a) Discoloration, when more than very slight.

(b) Freezing, when causing more than slight discoloration of the individual unit.

(c) Hollow stem or pithiness, when discolored, or when more than slightly affecting the appearance of the individual unit.

(d) Scars, when discolored, or when more than slight or superficial.

(e) Disease, when showing discoloration, or when more than slightly affecting the appearance of the individual unit.

(f) Insects, when worms or worm frass are present or when there is more than slight infestation by other insects.

§ 51.411 Diameter. "Diameter" means the greatest thickness of the stem measured at the base.

§ 51.412 Reasonably clusters. "Reasonably

compact bud compact bud clusters" means that the individual florets of bud clusters are not on the verge of opening, but that pedicels on florets may be moderately elongated and bud clusters may be moderately open and spreading.

SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR BROCCOLI FOR PROCESSING

SOURCE: $ 51.425 to 51.440 appear at 18 F. R. 7083, Nov. 11, 1953.

GENERAL

§ 51.425 General. (a) The accompanying grades for broccoli are intended to facilitate transactions between growers and processors who may wish to use a purchasing system based upon the quality of broccoli delivered. These grades are an outgrowth of the widely accepted principle that price should be directly proportional to quality. The grower who delivers high quality deserves a premium price, because such broccoli enables the processor to pack a better quality finished product.

(b) In the application of these standards, it is assumed that sellers will not sort their broccoli into separate lots of U. S. No. 1 and U. S. No. 2 grades before delivery to the buyer, and that the buyer will pay a certain price for the percentage of each grade in the lot as determined by inspection. Upon delivery, the inspector will simply sort representative samples taken from each lot and determine the percentage of each grade. Final settlement would then be made by applying the percentage of each grade to the total weight of the lot, and then applying the contract prices established for each grade. Under such a procedure, there is no need for tolerances.

GRADES

§ 51.426 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of stalks of broccoli which are

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fresh, tender, and have good characteristic color, and compact heads; which are free from decay and cull material, and are free from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, hollow stem or pithiness, scars, dirt or other foreign material, disease, insects, and mechanical or other means. (See § 51.430.)

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the length shall be not more than 6 inches nor less than 4 inches, and the diameter of the stem shall be not less than threeeighths inch. (See § 51.436.)

§ 51.427 U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 consists of stalks of broccoli which are fresh, tender, and have good characteristic color, and fairly compact heads; which are free from decay and cull material, and are free from damage caused by scars, dirt or other foreign material, disease, insects; and are free from serious damage caused by discoloration, freezing, hollow stem or pithiness, and mechanical or other means. (See § 51.430.) (a) Unless otherwise specified, the length shall be not more than 6 inches nor less than 3 inches, and the diameter of the stem shall be not less than onefourth inch. (See § 51.436.)

CULLS AND TRIMMING

§ 51.428 Culls. Culls are stalks of broccoli which fail to meet the requirements of either of the foregoing grades.

§ 51.429 Cull material. (See § 51.436.)

§ 51.430 Trimming requirements. Unless otherwise specified, all coarse, damaged, and discolored leaves and leaves extending more than one and onehalf inches above the top of the head shall be removed. In making grade determinations, all coarse, damaged and discolored leaves, and leaves extending more than one and one-half inches above the top of the head shall be removed and scored as cull material.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.431 Stalk. "Stalk" means a portion of the broccoli plant including the stem, bud cluster and leaves.

§ 51.432 Fresh. "Fresh" means that the broccoli is not badly wilted or excessively flabby.

§ 51.433 Tender. "Tender" means that the broccoli is succulent, and reasonably free from fibrous material and is not tough, or stringy.

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