the striped red varieties the percentage stated refers to the area of the surface in which the stripes of good shade of red characteristic of the variety shall predominate over stripes of lighter red, green, or yellow. However, an apple having color of a lighter shade than that considered as a good shade of red characteristic of the variety may be admitted to a grade: Provided, That it has sufficient additional area covered so that the apple has as good an appearance as one with the minimum percentage of stripes of a good red characteristic of the variety required for the grade. Faded brown stripes shall not be considered as color except in the case of the Gray Baldwin variety. § 51.310 Tolerances. (a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent of the apples in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for apples which are seriously damaged by insects and including not more than 1 percent for apples affected by decay or internal breakdown or both. (b) When applying the foregoing tolerances to Combination U. S. Extra Fancy and U. S. Fancy grade, no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce, for the lot as a whole, the 25 percent of apples of the higher grade required in the combination, but individual containers shall have not less than 15 percent of the higher grade. (c) When applying the foregoing tolerances to Combination U. S. Fancy and U. S. No. 1 grade and to Combination U. S. No. 1 and U. S. Utility grade, no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to reduce, for the lot as a whole, the 50 percent of apples of the higher grade required in the combination, but individual containers shall have not less than 40 percent of the higher grade. § 51.311 Application of tolerances to individual packages. The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations provided the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade: (a) For packages which contain more than 10 pounds, and a tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided (as in the case of size, where a tolerance of 15 percent is provided) individual packages in any lot shall have not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified. For packages which contain more than 10 pounds and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is provided, individual packages in any lot shall have not more than double the tolerance specified, except that at least one apple which is seriously damaged by insects or affected by decay or internal breakdown may be permitted in any package. (b) For packages which contain 10 pounds or less, individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects: Provided, That not more than one apple which is seriously damaged by insects or affected by decay or internal breakdown may be permitted in any package. § 51.312 Basis of calculating percentages. (a) When the numerical count is marked on the container, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of count. (b) When the minimum diameter or minimum and maximum diameters are marked on the container, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of weight. (c) When the apples are in bulk, percentages shall be calculated on the basis of weight. more than one-fourth inch larger than the minimum size of the smallest apple. (c) When the numerical count is not shown the minimum diameter shall be plainly stamped, stenciled, or otherwise marked on the container in terms of whole inches, whole and half inches, whole and quarter inches, or whole and eighth inches, as 21⁄2 inches minimum, 24 inches minimum, or 2% inches minimum, in accordance with the facts. It is suggested that both minimum and maximum diameters be marked on the container, as 24 to 24 inches, or 21⁄2 to 234 inches, as such marking is especially desirable for apples marketed in the export trade. (d) The measurement for minimum size shall be the largest diameter of the apple taken at right angles to a line from the stem end to the blossom end. The measurement for maximum size shall be the smallest dimension of the apple determined by passing the apple through a round opening. (e) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more than 5 percent of the apples in any lot may not meet the size requirements: Provided, That, when the maximum and minimum sizes are both stated, an additional 10 percent tolerance shall be allowed for apples which are larger than the maximum size stated. PACKING AND MARKING § 51.315 Packing requirements—(a) Representative face packing. Each package shall be packed so that the apples on the shown face shall be reasonably representative in size, color and quality of the contents of the package. All (b) Boxes. (1) Apples packed in the standard northwestern apple boxes shall be arranged in the containers according to the approved and recognized methods with the stems pointing toward the ends of the boxes, except when jumbled. packages shall be well filled but not to the extent as to cause excessive or unnecessary bruising to the apples because of overfilled packages. Apples packed in the standard northwestern apple boxes shall be tightly packed with sufficient bulge to prevent any appreciable movement of the apples within the containers when lidded. Each wrapped apple shall be completely enclosed by its individual wrapper. (2) Apples packed in other type boxes, such as nailed wooden boxes, wire bound boxes, and fibreboard boxes, may be place packed, jumble packed faced, or jumble packed, and all packs shall be well filled. (3) Apples packed in boxes equipped with cell compartments or molded trays shall be of the proper size for the cells or the molds in which they are packed. (4) Apples packed in consumer unit cartons and packed into shipping containers shall completely fill the shipping container. (c) Baskets. Apples packed in U. S. standard bushel baskets, one-half bushel baskets and five-eighths bushel baskets may be ring faced and shall be tightly packed with sufficient bulge to prevent any appreciable movement of the apples within the containers when lidded. (d) Tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to proper packing, not more than 5 percent of the containers in any lot may not meet these requirements. § 51.316 Suggestions for marking containers. (a) In order to conserve space, abbreviations may be used for marking United States grade names on containers. The following abbreviations are suggested where it is not desired to use the full grade name: (1) U. S. Ex. Fcy. for U. S. Extra Fancy. (2) U. S. Fcy. for U. S. Fancy. (5) Combination grades may be designated by abbreviations of the grades preceded by the abbreviation "Comb.", as "Comb. U. S. Fcy.-U. S. No. 1". U. S. CONDITION STANDARDS FOR EXPORT 1 § 51.317 U. S. condition standards for export. (a) The apples in any lot shall be generally tightly packed when in baskets, and generally fairly tightly or tightly packed when in boxes. (b) Not more than 5 percent of the apples in any lot shall be further advanced in maturity than firm ripe. (c) Not more than 5 percent of the apples in any lot shall be damaged by storage scab. (d) Not more than a total of 5 percent of the apples in any lot shall be damaged by bitter pit, Jonathan spot, 1 These standards also may be referred to as "Standards for Export". scald, internal breakdown, water core, freezing, decay, or other such condition factors: Provided, That: (1) Not more than 2 percent shall be allowed for apples affected by decay; (2) Not more than 2 percent shall be allowed for damage by internal breakdown; and, (3) Not more than 2 percent of slight scald shall be permitted for apples properly packed in oiled paper or which have been especially treated with oil to prevent scald; otherwise, the apples must be free from scald. (e) Any lot of apples shall be considered as meeting the U. S. condition standards for export if the entire lot averages within the requirements specifiled: Provided, That no sample from the containers in any lot is found to exceed double the percentages specified, except that for packages which contain 10 pounds or less, individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects if the entire lot averages within the tolerances specified. DEFINITIONS § 51.318 Mature. "Mature" means that the apples have reached the stage of growth which will insure the proper completion of the ripening process. Before a mature apple becomes overripe it will show varying degrees of firmness, depending upon the stage of the ripening process. The following terms are used for describing these different stages of firmness of apples: (a) "Hard" means apples with a tenacious flesh and starchy flavor. (b) "Firm" means apples with a tenacious flesh but which are becoming crisp with a slight starchy flavor, except the Delicious variety. (c) "Firm ripe" means apples with crisp flesh except that the flesh of the apples of the Gano, Ben Davis, and Rome Beauty varieties may be slightly mealy. (d) "Ripe" means apples with mealy flesh and soon to become soft for the variety. § 51.319 Overripe. "Overripe" means apples which are dead ripe, with flesh very mealy or soft, and past commercial utility. § 51.320 Carefully hand-picked. "Carefully hand-picked" means that the apples do not show evidence of rough handling or of having been on the ground. § 51.321 Clean. "Clean" means that the apples are free from excessive dirt, dust, spray residue and other foreign material § 51.322 Well formed. "Well formed" means that the apple has the normal shape characteristic of the variety, except that the shape may be slightly irregular, provided, it does not detract from the general appearance of the apple. § 51.323 Injury. "Injury" means any defect which more than slightly affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apples. (a) Russeting in the stem cavity or calyx basin which cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface, shall not be considered in determining whether or not an apple is injured by russeting, except that rough or bark-like russeting in the stem cavity or calyx basin shall be considered as injury when the appearance of the apple is materially affected. The following types and amounts of russeting outside of the stem cavity or calyx basin, shall be considered as injury: (1) Smooth net-like russeting, when an aggregate area of more than 5 percent of the surface is covered, and the color of the russeting shows no very pronounced contrast with the background color of the apple, or lesser amounts of more conspicuous net-like russeting when the appearance is affected to a greater extent than the above amount permitted. (2) Smooth, solid russeting which covers an aggregate area of more than one-half inch in diameter, and the pattern and color of the russeting shows no very pronounced contrast with the background color of the apple, or lesser amounts of more conspicuous solid russeting when the appearance is affected to a greater extent than the above amount permitted.1 (3) Slightly rough russeting which covers an aggregate area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 1 The area refers to that of a circle of the specified diameter. (4) Rough russeting, unless it is well within the stem cavity or calyx basin and is not readily apparent. (b) Any one of the following defects, on any combination thereof, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as injury: (1) Sunburn or spray burn, when the discolored area does not blend into the normal color of the fruit. (2) Dark brown or black limb rubs which affect a total area of more than one-eighth inch in diameter, except that light brown limb rubs of a russet character shall be considered under the definition of injury by russeting.1 (3) Hail marks, drought spots or other similar depressions or scars where there is appreciable discoloration other than russeting, or when the indentations are not superficial, or when an individual indentation exceeds one-eighth inch in diameter, or the total affected area exceeds one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (4) Stem or calyx cracks which are not well healed, or well healed stem or calyx cracks which exceed a length of one-eighth inch. (5) Diseases: (i) Cedar rust infection which affects a total area of more than one-eighth inch in diameter.1 (ii) Sooty blotch or fly speck which is thinly scattered over more than 5 percent of the surface, or dark, heavily concentrated spots which affect an area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (iii) Red skin spots which are thinly scattered over more than one-tenth of the surface, or dark, heavily concentrated spots which affect an area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (6) Insects: (i) Any healed sting or healed stings which affect a total area of more than one-eighth inch in diameter including any encircling discolored rings.' (ii) Worm holes. § 51.324 Fairly well formed. "Fairly well formed" means that the apple may be slightly abnormal in shape but not to an extent which detracts materially from its appearance. § 51.325 Damage. "Damage” means any defect which materially affects the 1 The area refers to that of a circle of the specified diameter. appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apples. (a) Russeting in the stem cavity or calyx basin which cannot be seen when the apple is placed stem end or calyx end down on a flat surface shall not be considered in determining whether or not an apple is damaged by russeting, except that excessively rough or barklike russeting in the stem cavity or calyx basin shall be considered as damage when the appearance of the apple is materially affected. The following types and amounts of russeting outside of the stem cavity or calyx basin, shall be considered as damage: excessively (1) Russeting which is rough on Roxbury Russet and other similar varieties. (2) Smooth net-like russeting, when an aggregate area of more than 15 percent of the surface is covered, and the color of the russeting shows no very pronounced contrast with the background color of the apple, or lesser amounts of more conspicuous net-like russeting when the appearance is affected to a greater extent than the above amount permitted. (3) Smooth solid russeting, when an aggregate area of more than 5 percent of the surface is covered, and the pattern and color of the russeting shows no very pronounced contrast with the background color of the apple, or lesser amounts of more conspicuous solid russeting when the appearance is affected to a greater extent than the above amount permitted. (4) Slightly rough russeting which covers an aggregate area of more than one-half inch in diameter.1 (5) Rough russeting which exceeds one-fourth inch in diameter, unless it is well within the stem cavity or calyx basin and is not readily apparent.' (b) Any one of the following defects, or any combination thereof, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage: (1) Sunburn or spray burn which has caused blistering or cracking of the skin, or when the discolored area does not blend into the normal color of the fruit unless the injury can be classed as russeting. (2) Limb rubs which affect a total area of more than one-half inch in diameter, except that light brown limb rubs of a russet character shall be considered under the definition of damage by russeting.1 (3) Hail marks, drought spots, or other similar depressions or scars when the skin has not been broken and the injury is more than slightly depressed or affects a total area of more than one-half inch in diameter; or hail marks or similar scars when the skin has been broken and the injury is not well healed, or is more than slightly depressed, or affects an aggregate area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (4) Stem or calyx cracks which are not well healed, or well healed stem or calyx cracks which exceed an aggregate length of one-fourth inch. (5) Diseases: (i) Scab spots which affect a total area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (ii) Cedar rust infection which affects a total area of more than one-fourth inch in diameter.1 (iii) Sooty blotch or fly speck which is thinly scattered over more than onetenth of the surface, or dark, heavily concentrated spots which affect an area of more than one-half inch in diameter. (iv) Red skin spots which are thinly scattered over more than one-tenth of the surface, or dark, heavily concentrated spots which affect an area of more than one-half inch in diameter.1 (6) Insects: (i) Any healed sting or healed stings which affect a total area of more than three-sixteenths inch in diameter including any encircling discolored rings.1 (ii) Worm holes. § 51.326 Seriously deformed. "Seriously deformed" means that the apple is so badly misshapen that its appearance is seriously affected. § 51.327 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any defect which seriously affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the apples. (a) The following types and amounts of russeting shall be considered as serious damage: (1) Smooth solid russeting, when more than one-half of the surface in the aggregate is covered, including any rus 1 The area refers to that of a circle of the specified diameter. seting in the stem cavity or calyx basin, or slightly rough, or excessively rough or bark-like russeting, which detracts from the appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the amount of smooth solid russeting permitted: Provided, That any amount of russeting shall be permitted on Roxbury Russet and other similar varieties. (b) Any one of the following defects, or any combination thereof, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage: (1) Sunburn or spray burn which seriously detracts from the appearance of the fruit. (2) Limb rubs which affect more than one-tenth of the surface in the aggregate. (3) Hail marks, drought spots, or scars, if they materially deform or disfigure the fruit, or if such defects affect more than one-tenth of the surface in the aggregate: Provided, That no hail marks which are unhealed shall be permitted and not more than an aggregate area of one-half inch shall be allowed for well-healed hail marks where the skin has been broken.1 (4) Stem or calyx cracks which are not well healed, or well healed stem or calyx cracks which exceed an aggregate length of one-half inch. (5) Visible water core which affects an area of more than one-half inch in diameter.1 (6) Diseases: (i) Scab spots which affect a total area of more than threefourths inch in diameter.1 (ii) Cedar rust infection which affects a total area of more than three-fourths inch in diameter.1 (iii) Sooty blotch or fly speck which affects more than one-third of the surface. (iv) Red skin spots which affect more than one-third of the surface. (v) Bitter pit and Jonathan spot which is thinly scattered over more than one-tenth of the surface and does not materially deform or disfigure the fruit. (7) Insects: (i) Healed stings which affect a total area of more than onefourth inch in diameter including any encircling discolored rings.1 (ii) Worm holes. |