berries, cranberries, or any other berries not of the genus Vaccinium.

§ 51.2031 Clusters. "Clusters" means three or more cap-stems, with or without berries, attached to a main stem. Capstems are those small stems by means of which the individual berry is attached to the main stem.

§ 51.2032 Large stems. "Large stems" means stems other than cap-stems which are over 4 inch in length.

§ 51.2033 Other foreign material. "Other foreign material" means sticks, stones, moss or other extraneous material except dirt and leaves.

§ 51.2034 Distinctly immature berries. "Distinctly immature berries" means that the berries are green, or whitish due to immaturity.

§ 51.2035 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or the processing quality of the blueberries. The following shall be considered as damage:

(a) Shriveling, when more than onefourth of the blueberries in any lot, by volume, are badly wilted, withered or shriveled.

(b) Dirt, when it cannot be removed from the blueberries in the ordinary washing process.

(c) Overmaturity, when the appearance and processing quality of the lot of blueberries is materially affected by berries which have a dull appearance and are sticky from leaking berries.

§ 51.2036 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any injury or defect which seriously affects the appearance, or the processing quality of the blueberries. The following shall be considered as serious damage:

(a) Shriveling, when more than onethird of the blueberries in any lot, by volume, are badly wilted, withered or shriveled.

(b) Overmaturity, when the appearance and processing quality of the lot of blueberries is seriously affected by blueberries which have a dull appearance and are sticky from leaking berries.

§ 51.2037 Very serious damage caused by shriveling. "Very serious damage caused by shriveling" means that more than one-half of the blueberries in any lot, by volume, are badly wilted, withered or shriveled.

31005-59- -14

SUBPART-UNITED STATES CONSUMER STANDARDS FOR BRUSSELS SPROUTS SOURCE: 51.2050 to 51.2062 appear at 18 F. R. 7148, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.2050 U. S. Grade A. U. S. Grade A shall consist of Brussels sprouts which are well colored and not withered or burst and which are firm, clean, well trimmed, and free from soft rot and seedstems, and free from damage caused by discoloration, freezing, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. Brussels sprouts on the shown face shall be reasonably representative in size and quality of the contents of the container. (a) The diameter of each Brussels sprout shall be not less than 1 inch.

(b) Incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 5 percent, by weight, of the Brussels sprouts in any lot may be smaller than the specified minimum diameter. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by weight, of the Brussels sprouts may fail to meet the remaining requirements of the grade, including not more than 1 percent for Brussels sprouts affected by soft rot.

§ 51.2051 U. S. Grade B. U. S. Grade B shall consist of Brussels sprouts which are fairly well colored and not withered, puffy or burst and which are clean, well trimmed and free from soft rot and seedstems and free from serious damage caused by discoloration, freezing, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. Brussels sprouts on the shown face shall be reasonably representative in size and quality of the contents of the container.

(a) The diameter of each Brussels sprout shall be not less than 1 inch.

(b) Incident to proper grading and handling, not more than 5 percent, by weight, of the Brussels sprouts in any lot may be smaller than the specified minimum diameter. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by weight, of the Brussels sprouts may fail to meet the remaining requirements of the grade, including not more than 1 percent for Brussels sprouts affected by soft rot.

OFF-GRADE

§ 51.2052 Off-Grade Brussels sprouts. Brussels sprouts which fail to meet the requirements of either of the foregoing grades shall be Off-Grade Brussels sprouts.

Page 185

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.2053 Well colored. "Well colored" means that the Brussels sprouts have a yellowish green or darker green color characteristic of well-grown Brussels sprouts.

51.2054 Firm. "Firm" means that the Brussels sprout is fairly compact but may yield slightly to moderate pressure.

51.2055 Clean. "Clean" means that the Brussels sprout is practically free from dirt and other foreign matter.

"Well

§ 51.2056 Well trim med. trimmed" means that the butt of the sprout is fairly smoothly and closely trimmed at the point of attachment of the outer leaves and that the sprout does not have more than 2 wrapper leaves which do not enfold the sprout fairly tightly more than two-thirds the distance from the base to the top.

§ 51.2057 Seedstems. "Seedstems" means Brussels sprouts which have seedstalks showing or in which the formation of seedstalks has plainly begun.

§ 51.2058 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible, shipping or keeping quality of the Brussels sprout.

"Diameter"

§ 51.2059 Diameter. means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line running from the stem to the apex of the sprout.

§ 51.2060 Fairly well colored. "Fairly well colored" means that the Brussels sprouts shall not be lighter than whitish green color.

§ 51.2061 Puffy. "Puffy" means that the Brussels sprout is very light in weight in proportion to its size or has excessive air spaces in the central portion.

§ 51.2062 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any injury or defect which seriously affects the appearance, or the edible, shipping or keeping quality of the Brussels sprout.

SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR ALMONDS IN THE SHELL

SOURCE: §§ 51.2075 to 51.2090 appear at 18 F. R. 7148, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.2075 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of almonds in the shell which are of similar varietal characteristics, clean, fairly bright, fairly uniform in

color, which are free from loose hulls, pieces of shells, chaff and foreign material and free from damage caused by discoloration, adhering hulls, broken shells, or other means. The kernels shall be well dried, free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, and free from damage caused by mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means.

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the minimum thickness of the almond shall be not less than 2%4 of an inch.

(b) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted:

(1) For external defects. Ten percent, by count (except that loose hulls, chaff, pieces of shells and foreign material shall be determined by weight), for almonds which fail to meet the requirements of the grade, other than for variety and size: Provided, That not more than 2 percent, by weight, shall be allowed for loose hulls, chaff, pieces of shells and foreign material, including not more than one-half of this amount, or 1 percent, that will pass through a screen with 2464 inch round openings;

(2) For dissimilar varieties. Five percent, by count, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(3) For size. Five percent, by count. for almonds which fail to meet the size requirements; and,

(4) For internal defects. Ten percent, by count, for almonds which fail to meet the grade requirements: Provided, That, not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for kernels affected by decay, rancidity, insect injury and damage by mold.

§ 51.2076 U. S. No. 1 Mixed. U. S. No. 1 Mixed consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade, except that the varieties are mixed, but may include not more than 1 percent of bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds.

§ 51.2077 U. S. No. 2 U. S. No. 2 consists of almonds in the shell which meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade, except that an additional tolerance of 20 percent shall be allowed for discoloration.

consists of almonds which have not been classified in accordance with any of the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES

§ 51.2080 Application of tolerances and determination of the grades. The tolerances for the foregoing grades are to be applied to the entire lot, and a composite sample shall be taken for determining the grade. However, any container or group of containers in which the almonds are found to be materially inferior to those in the majority of the containers shall be considered a separate lot.

(a) In determining the grade of a lot of almonds, the percentage of loose hulls, pieces of shells, chaff and foreign material is first determined on the basis of weight. Then a stated number of nuts is counted out (depending upon the size of the lot) from the composite sample. These almonds are next examined for size, dissimilar varieties and external defects. The same nuts are then cracked and examined for internal defects.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.2081 Similar varietal characteristics. "Similar varietal characteristics" means that the almonds are similar in shape and are reasonably uniform in degree of hardness of the shells. For example, hard-shelled varieties shall not be mixed with semi-soft-shelled, softshelled and paper-shelled varieties; and semi-soft-shelled varieties shall not be mixed with soft-shelled and papershelled varieties; and soft-shelled varieties shall not be mixed with papershelled varieties. Likewise, bitter almonds shall not be mixed with sweet almonds.

§ 51.2083 Fairly bright. "Fairly bright" means that the almonds show good characteristic color.

§ 51.2084 Fairly uniform color. "Fairly uniform color" means that the shells do not show excessive variation in color.

§ 51.2085 Damage. "Damage” means any defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the almonds. Any one of the following defects or any combination thereof, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage:

(a) Discoloration which is distinctly gray to black, when affecting more than one-eighth of the surface of the shell in the aggregate, but normal color variations, such as reddish or brown between varieties, and within some varieties, are not to be considered as discoloration;

(b) Adhering hulls, when covering more than 5 percent of the shell surface in the aggregate;

(c) Broken shells, when a portion of the shell is missing or fractured to the extent that moderate pressure will cause the kernel to become dislodged;

(d) Mold, when affecting the kernel, except when white or grayish in color and easily rubbed off with the fingers;

(e) Gum, when a film of shiny, resinous appearing substance covers more than one-eighth of the surface of the kernel;

(f) Shriveling, when the kernel is excessively thin for its size, or when materially withered, shrunken, leathery, tough or partially developed: Provided, That, partially developed kernels are not considered damaged if more than threefourths of the pellicle is filled with meat; and,

(g) Brown spot on the kernel, either single or multiple, when the affected area is more than the equivalent of a circle one-eighth inch in diameter.

$51.2086 Well dried. "Well dried" means that the kernel is firm and brittle and not pliable or leathery.

§ 51.2087 Decay. "Decay" means that the kernel is putrid or decomposed.

§ 51.2088 Rancidity. "Rancidity" means that the kernel is noticeably rancid to the taste.

§ 51.2089 Insect injury. "Insect injury" means that the insect, web, or frass is present or there is visible evidence of insect injury.

§ 51.2090 Thickness. "Thickness" means the greatest distance between the two flat surfaces of the shell. The minimum thickness shall be determined by passing the almonds through slotted openings with sufficient length to permit the almonds to go through lengthwise. SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR SHELLED ALMONDS

SOURCE: 51.2105 to 51.2132 appear at 18 F. R. 7149, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.2105 U. S. Fancy. U. S. Fancy consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, whole, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split and broken kernels, particles and dust, and which are free from injury caused by chipped and scratched kernels, and free from damage caused by mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 3 percent;

(3) For kernels injured by chipping or scratching. 5 percent;

(4) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0.20%);

(5) For particles and dust. Onetenth of 1 percent (0.10%); and,

(6) For other defects. 2 percent, including not more than one-half of this amount, or 1 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2106 U. S. Extra No. 1. U. S. Extra No. 1 consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, whole, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split and broken kernels, particles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by chipped and scratched kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 5 percent;

(3) For kernels damaged by chipping or scratching. 5 percent;

(4) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0.20%);

(5) For particles and dust. Onetenth of 1 percent (0.10%); and,

(6) For other defects. 4 percent, including not more than three-eighths of this amount, or 11⁄2 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2107 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, whole, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split or broken kernels, particles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by chipped and scratched kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 15 percent; (3) For kernels damaged by chipping or scratching. 10 percent;

(4) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0.20%);

(5) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10%); and,

(6) For other defects. 5 percent, including not more than three-tenths of this amount, or 11⁄2 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2108 U. S. Select Sheller Run. U. S. Select Sheller Run consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, whole, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split and broken kernels, parti

cles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by chipped and scratched kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 15 percent; (3) For kernels damaged by chipping and scratching. 15 percent;

(4) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0.20%);

(5) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10%);

(6) For split and broken kernels. 5 percent: Provided, That not more than two-fifths of this amount, or 2 percent, shall be allowed for pieces which will pass through a round opening 20%4 inch in diameter; and,

(7) For other defects. 3 percent, including not more than two-thirds of this amount, or 2 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2109 U. S. Standard Sheller Run. U. S. Standard Sheller Run consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, whole, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, split and broken kernels, particles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by chipped and scratched kernels, mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 25 percent; (3) For kernels damaged by chipping and scratching. 20 percent;

(4) For foreign material. Two-tenths of 1 percent (0.20%);

(5) For particles and dust. One-tenth of 1 percent (0.10%);

(6) For split and broken kernels. 15 percent: Provided, That not more than one-third of this amount, or 5 percent, shall be allowed for pieces which will pass through a round opening 2%4 inch in diameter; and,

(7) For other defects. 3 percent, including not more than two-thirds of this amount, or 2 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2110 U. S. No. 1 Whole and Broken. U. S. No. 1 Whole and Broken consists of shelled almonds which are of similar varietal characteristics, clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, doubles, particles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other

means.

(a) In this grade not less than 30 percent, by weight, of the kernels shall be whole. Doubles shall not be considered as whole kernels in determining the percentage of whole kernels.

(b) Unless otherwise specified, the minimum diameter shall be not less than 264 of an inch. (See §§ 51.2114 and 51.2115.)

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances, by weight, shall be permitted:

(1) For dissimilar varieties. 5 percent, including not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 1 percent, for bitter almonds mixed with sweet almonds;

(2) For doubles. 35 percent;

(3) For foreign material. Threetenths of 1 percent (0.30%);

(4) For particles and dust. Onetenth of 1 percent (0.10%);

(5) For undersize. 5 percent; and,

(6) For other defects. 5 percent, including not more than three-fifths of this amount, or 3 percent, for serious damage.

§ 51.2111 U. S. No. 1 Pieces. U. S. No. 1 Pieces consists of shelled almonds which are not bitter, which are clean, well dried, which are free from decay, rancidity, insect injury, foreign material, particles and dust, and which are free from damage caused by mold, gum, shriveling, brown spot, or other means.

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the minimum diameter shall be not less than