§ 51.1935 Damage. "Damage” means any injury which cannot be removed in the ordinary process of trimming without a loss of more than 10 percent, by weight, of the tomato in excess of that which would occur if the tomato were perfect. The following shall be considered damage:

(a) Worm holes, when the injury has penetrated beneath the outer wall of the tomato to the extent that the injury has damaged the tomato for processing. "Serious

§ 51.1936 Serious damage. damage" means any injury which cannot be removed in the ordinary process of trimming without a loss of more than 20 percent, by weight, of the tomato in excess of that which would occur if the tomato were perfect.

SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR CURRANTS FOR PROCESSING

SOURCE: 51.1950 to 51.1958 appear at 18 F. R. 7146, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.1950 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of currants of similar type which are not separated from the stems and which are well colored, free from mold and decay and free from damage resulting from being distinctly immature, overmature, crushed, dried and shriveled, and free from damage caused by leaves or pieces of leaves, dirt or other foreign matter, disease, insects, mechanical or other means.

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by weight, of the currants in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade: Provided, That, not more than one-tenth of this amount, or 1 percent, shall be allowed for currants affected by mold or decay or which are seriously damaged by insects.

§ 51.1951 U.S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 consists of currants which meet the requirements for U. S. No. 1 grade except for the increased tolerances for defects specified as follows:

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper handling, not more than a total of 20 percent, by weight, of the currants in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade: Provided, That, not more than one-tenth of this amount, or 2 percent, shall be allowed for currants affected by mold or decay

or which are seriously damaged by insects.

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES

§ 51.1952 Application of tolerances and determination of grade. The tolerances for the preceding grades are to be applied to the entire lot. Scoring of defects shall be on a bunch basis except that the percentage of loose berries shall be calculated on the basis of weight and added to the percentage of other defects. UNCLASSIFIED

§ 51.1953 Unclassified. Unclassified consists of currants which have not been classified in accordance with either of the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.1954 Similar type. "Similar type" means that the currants are similar in color. For example, red varieties shall not be mixed with white varieties.

§ 51.1955 Well colored. "Well colored" means that the berries show the color characteristic of well ripened currants for the type or variety.

§ 51.1956 Mold. "Mold" means any surface mold that is plainly visible to the naked eye.

§ 51.1957 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance or the processing quality of the currants. The following shall be considered as damage:

(a) Distinctly immature, when the currants are of a light pink, whitish, or green color in the case of varieties which are characteristically red when well ripened, or when the currants are greenish color in the case of types or varieties which are characteristically white in color when well ripened.

(b) Overmature, when the currants have advanced to the stage where the berries are soft, leaking and are dull in appearance.

(c) Dried and shriveled, when the berries are appreciably lacking in juice and are "wrinkled" and have a "raisined" appearance.

§ 51.1958 Seriously damaged by insects. "Seriously damaged by insects" means that there is present one or more insects on the bunch.

§ 51.1970 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of watermelons of similar varietal characteristics which are mature but not overripe, fairly well formed, and which are free from anthracnose, decay, sunscald and free from damage caused by other diseases, sunburn, hail, scars, insects, hollow heart, whiteheart or mechanical or other means. (See §§ 51.1974 and 51.1975.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by count, of the watermelons in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, may be badly misshapen, or seriously damaged by any means, including therein not more than 1 percent for decay.

§ 51.1971 U. S. Commercial. U. S. Commercial consists of watermelons which meet all the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade except for anthracnose spots. In this grade each watermelon shall be free from damage by anthracnose. §§ 51.1974 and 51.1975.)

(See

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by count, of watermelons in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade: Provided, That not more than one-half of this amount, or 5 percent, may be badly misshapen or seriously damaged by any means, including therein not more than 1 percent for decay.

§ 51.1972 U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 consists of watermelons of similar varietal characteristics which are mature but not overripe; which are not badly misshapen and which are free from decay, sunscald and free from serious damage caused by anthracnose, other diseases, sunburn, hail, scars, insects, hollow heart, whiteheart or mechanical or other means. (See §§ 51.1974 and 51.1975.)

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by count, of the watermelons in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of this grade: Provided, That not more than

consists of watermelons which have not been classified in accordance with any of the foregoing grades. The term “unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards, but is provided as a designation to show that no grade has been applied to the lot.

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES

§ 51.1974 Application of tolerances. (a) When packed in crates or other types of containers the contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade:

(1) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified, except that when the package contains 15 specimens or less, individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified; and,

(2) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance specified, except that at least one specimen which does not meet the requirements shall be allowed in any package.

pounds below the stated average, and the melons in any lot averaging 30 pounds or more shall not vary more than 6 pounds below the stated average. Size may also be stated in terms of minimum weight, or minimum and maximum weights.

(b) In order to allow for variations, incident to proper sizing, not more than 5 percent, by count, of the watermelons in any lot may be below the minimum size requirements: Provided, That when minimum and maximum weights are specified, not more than 5 percent, by count, may be below the specified minimum weight and not more than 5 percent, may be above the specified maximum weight.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.1976 Mature. "Mature" means that the melon has reached the stage of development at which the flesh is at least fairly sweet and shows characteristic color of a mature melon for the variety.

§ 51.1977 Fairly well formed. "Fairly well formed" means having the characteristic shape but not necessarily the perfect type of the variety.

§ 51.1978 Damage. "Damage” means any defect which materially affects the appearance or the edible or shipping quality of the melon. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage:

(a) Sunburn when affecting the appearance to a greater extent than 9 square inches of greenish-yellow sunburn on a 30-pound melon.

(b) Hail, scars and other external defects, except anthracnose, when affecting the appearance to a greater extent than 9 square inches of greenish-yellow sunburn on a 30-pound melon; and,

(c) Hollow heart when the internal appearance is affected to a greater extent than that of a 30-pound, long type melon having cracks which aggregate threefourths inch in width, or that of a 30pound, round type melon having cracks which aggregate 14 inches in width.

51.1979 Free from damage by anthracnose. "Free from damage by anthracnose" means that each melon may have not more than 5 anthracnose spots which are not cracked or sunken below the contour of the surface of the melon.

51.1980 Not badly misshapen. "Not badly misshapen" means that the melons

are not bottlenecks or gourdnecks, but may be tapered at the ends or slightly constricted.

§ 51.1981 Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any defect which seriously affects the appearance or the edible quality of the melon. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious damage:

(a) Anthracnose when there are more than 15 anthracnose spots, or when any spot is cracked or sunken below the contour of the surface of the melon;

(b) Sunburn when affecting the appearance to a greater extent than 20 square inches of greenish-yellow sunburn on a 30-pound melon;

(c) Hail, scars and other external defects, except anthracnose, when affecting the appearance to a greater extent than 20 square inches of greenish-yellow sunburn on a 30-pound melon; and,

(d) Hollow heart when the internal appearance is affected to a greater extent than that of a 30-pound, long type melon having cracks which aggregate 11⁄2 inches in width, or that of a 30-pound, round type melon having cracks which aggregate 21⁄2 inches in width.

SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR FILBERTS IN THE SHELL

SOURCE: 51.1995 to 51.2010 appear at 18 F. R. 7147, Nov. 11, 1953.

GRADES

§ 51.1995 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of filberts in the shell which are of similar type, well formed, dry, clean and bright, free from blanks, broken or split shells, and which are free from damage caused by stain, adhering husks, or other means. The kernels shall be reasonably well developed, not badly misshapen, free from rancidity, decay, mold, insect injury, and free from damage caused by shriveling, discoloration, or other means. In addition, the filberts shall meet the requirements of one of the following sizes as specified for round type and long type varieties:

(a) Sizes for round type varieties. (1) Jumbo means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 5%4 inch in diameter.

(2) Large means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 564

inch in diameter, but will pass through a round opening 5%4 inch in diameter.

(3) Medium means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 4564 inch in diameter but will pass through a round opening 5%4 inch in diameter.

(4) Small means filberts which will pass through a round opening 4564 inch in diameter.

(b) Sizes for long type varieties. (1) Jumbo means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 4764 inch in diameter.

(2) Large means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 4464 inch in diameter, but will pass through a round opening 44 inch in diameter.

(3) Medium means filberts which will not pass through a round opening 3464 inch in diameter, but will pass through a round opening 45%4 inch in diameter. (4) Small means filberts which will pass through a round opening 35%4 inch in diameter.

TOLERANCES

§ 51.1996 Tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted:

(a) Ten percent, by count, for filberts which fail to meet the grade requirements, other than for type and size: Provided, That not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for blanks, and not more than 5 percent shall be allowed for rancid, decayed, or moldy filberts, or those which have insect injury, including not more than 3 percent for insect injury;

(b) Ten percent, by count, for filberts which are of a different type;

(c) Twelve percent, by count, for filberts which fail to meet the size requirements for the size specified, but not more than five-sixths of this amount, or 10 percent shall be allowed for filberts which pass through the smallest opening required for the size specified.

§ 51.1997 Application of the tolerances and determination of the grade. (a) The tolerances for the grade are applied to the entire lot, and a composite sample shall be taken for determining the grade. However, any container or group of containers in which the filberts are found to be materially inferior to those in the majority of the containers shall be considered a separate lot.

(b) In determining the grade of a lot of filberts, all of the nuts in the sample shall first be examined for size and then for external defects. The same nuts are then cracked and examined for internal defects. The nuts must meet both size and quality requirements in order to meet the grade.

UNCLASSIFIED

§ 51.1998 Unclassified. Lots of filberts which have not been classified in accordance with § 51.1995 shall be designated as "unclassified." The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

DEFINITIONS

"Similar

§ 51.1999 Similar type. type" means that the filberts in each container are of the same general type and appearance. For example, nuts of the round type shall not be mixed with those of the long type in the same container. § 51.2000 Well formed. "Well formed" means that the filberts are not materially misshapen.

§ 51.2001 Dry. "Dry" means that the shell is free from surface moisture and that the shells and kernels combined do not contain more than 10 percent moisture.

§ 51.2002 Clean and bright. "Clean and bright" means that the individual filbert or the lot as a whole is practically free from adhering dirt and other foreign matter and that the shells have characteristic color.

§ 51.2003 Blank. "Blank" means a filbert which contains no kernel or which has a kernel that fills less than onefourth of the capacity of the shell.

§ 51.2004 Damage. "Damage" means any injury or defect which materially affects the appearance, or edible or shipping quality of the individual filbert or of the lot as a whole. Any one of the following defects or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one of these defects shall be considered as damage:

(a) Stains which are very dark and materially affect the appearance of the individual nut.

(b) Adhering husk, when covering more than 5 percent of the surface in the aggregate.

Rancidity.

"Rancidity"

§ 51.2007 means that the kernel is noticeably rancid to the taste. An oily appearance is not always an indication of rancidity. Unless the nut is noticeably rancid to the taste it shall not be considered as damaged.

§ 51.2008 Decay. "Decay" means that the kernel is putrid or decomposed.

§ 51.2009 Moldy. "Moldy" means any visible growth of mold either on the kernel or inside the shell.

§ 51.2010 Insect injury. "Insect injury" means that the insect or frass is present, or that there is visible evidence of insect damage to the kernel. SUBPART-UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR BLUEBERRIES FOR PROCESSING SOURCE: §§ 51.2025 to 51.2037 appear at 18 F. R. 7147, Nov. 11, 1953.

GENERAL

§ 51.2025 General. These standards apply to species of the genus Vaccinium which contain numerous small seeds that are barely noticeable and not to the true huckleberries of the genus Gaylussacia which contain 10 large seeds with bony coverings.

GRADES

§ 51.2026 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 shall consist of blueberries which internally are free from worms, and are free from other kinds of berries, clusters, large stems, leaves and other foreign material, distinctly immature berries, and free from damage caused by visible mold and decay, shriveling, dirt, overmaturity, or other means.

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted for grade defects in a half-pint cup sample: (b) Not more than a total of 5 leaves and other foreign material, not more

than a total of 20 distinctly immature berries, clusters and large stems, and not more than 3 berries other than blueberries. No tolerance shall be allowed for large pieces of foreign material.

§ 51.2027 U. S. No. 2. U. S. No. 2 shall consist of blueberries which meet all the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade except that the blueberries shall be free from serious damage caused by shriveling, overmaturity, and except for the increased tolerances specified in this section.

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted for grade defects in a half-pint cup sample:

(1) Not more than a total of 15 leaves and other foreign material, not more than a total of 40 distinctly immature berries, clusters and large stems, and not more than 5 berries other than blueberries. No tolerance shall be allowed for large pieces of foreign material.

§ 51.2028 U. S. No. 3. U. S. No. 3 shall consist of blueberries which meet all the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade except that the blueberries shall be free from serious damage caused by overmaturity and from very serious damage caused by shriveling and except for the increased tolerances specified in this section.

(a) In order to allow for variations incident to proper handling, the following tolerances shall be permitted for grade defects in a half-pint cup sample:

(1) Not more than a total of 20 leaves and other foreign material, not more than a total of 70 distinctly immature berries, clusters and large stems, and not more than 12 berries other than blueberries. No tolerance shall be allowed for large pieces of foreign material.

UNCLASSIFIED

§ 51.2029 Unclassified. Unclassified shall consist of blueberries which have not been classified in accordance with the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is provided as a designation to show that no definite grade has been applied to the lot.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.2030 Other kinds of berries. "Other kinds of berries" means bunch