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That bred them, graves: when they were born they died,

That had no Muse to make their fame abide.

How many equal with the Argive queen,
Have beauty known, yet none so famous
seen?

Achilles was not first that valiant was,
Or, in an army's head, that, locked in brass,
Gave killing strokes. There were brave
men before

Ajax, or Idomen, or all the store
That Homer brought to Troy; yet none so
live,

Because they lacked the sacred pen could
give

Like life unto them. Who heaved Hercules
Unto the stars, or the Tyndarides?

1 There were brave men before

Who placed Jason's Argo in the sky,
Or set bright Ariadne's crown so high
Who made a lamp of Berenice's hair,
Or lifted Cassiopeia in her chair,
But only Poets, rapt with rage divine?
And such, or my hopes fail, shall make
you shine.

You, and that other star, that purest light,
Of all Lucina's train, Lucy the bright;2
Than which a nobler heaven itself knows not;
Who, though she have a better verser got,
(Or Poet, in the court-account,) than I,
And who doth me, though I not him envy,
Yet for the timely favours she hath done,
To my less sanguine Muse, wherein she
hath won

My grateful soul, the subject of her powers,
I have already used some happy hours,

have experienced some uneasiness when, soon

Ajax or Idomen.] The sentiment is from after the accession of James I., Jonson was Horace, lib. iv. 9:

Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona
Multi; sed omnes illacrymabiles
Urgentur, ignotique longa

Nocte, carent quia vate sacro.-WHAL. 2 You, and that other star, that purest light Of all Lucina's train, Lucy the bright.] This, I presume, was Lucy, Countess of Bedford, to whom our author hath addressed some epigrams, and who was particularly celebrated by Dr. Donne. If what follows in the succeeding lines must be applied to him, one would imagine some little misunderstanding was then subsisting between him and the poet; though from the verses which Donne and Jonson have mutually wrote to each other, it appears there was always a very friendly correspondence between them.-WHAL,

No doubt of it: but Whalley is mistaken in the person here meant, who is not Donne but Daniel. There is no necessity for wantonly stirring up new enmities, since Jonson is already charged with more than he ever felt; and it is certain that he was at this time, and continued to the end of his life, the affectionate friend and admirer of Donne.

That there was no cordiality between our poet and Daniel seems probable, and he here gives the reason of it. Daniel "envied" him. little retrospect into his history may shew, perhaps, that the assertion (setting aside the undoubted veracity of Jonson) has nothing improbable in it. Daniel was born in 1562. At the age of seventeen he was admitted a commoner of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he continued three years. In 1582 he came to London, and was recommended to the Court through the interest of his brother-in-law, "the resolute John Florio." On the death of Spenser, in 1599, he succeeded to the Laureatship; in other words, he became the Court poet, and as such was called on to furnish the complimentary poems, pageants, masques, &c., incidental to the situation. He seems therefore, not unnaturally, to

called upon to prepare the Masques of that gay period. This appears to be the very head and front of our poet's offending, unless it be added that though he always thought and called Daniel "a good and honest man," he entertained no very lofty opinion of his style of poetry.

Daniel, however, numbered among his friends and patrons the most distinguished characters of both sexes; and it appears that he was not wanting in remonstrating against the attempt to supersede him, nor in using the interest which his talents and virtues had procured, to be permitted to resume what he probably considered as the duties of his office. In the dedication of The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses, 1604, to the Countess of Bedford, he expresses his thankfulness "for her preferring him to the Queen for this employment.' The dedication is in itself sufficiently captious and querulous, and seems pointed in some measure at our poet. He was also called on to assist in the solemnity of creating Henry, Prince of Wales, when he wrote the masque or rather pageant of Tethys' Festival (a).

But Daniel's spirits were wounded, and he could not apparently brook the rising favour of his younger competitor. About a year after the publication of his first Masque he printed his

(a) I take the earliest opportunity of correctAing a mistake respecting this "Solemnitie." It is stated, ante, p. 63, that The Masque of Oberon was performed before the prince on the 5th of June, 1610. I have since been enabled to ascertain, by the kindness of Mr. Cohen, that the masque performed on that day was the Tethys of Daniel, to which therefore the description of the Master of the Ceremonies must be referred. The Masque of Oberon was probably presented, as it is printed, after The Barriers, on the sixth day, or Thursday. The machinery of Tethys was furnished by Inigo Jones, and the accompaniments must have been very splen did. The poet's part was the least important, and consisted of little more than some pretty songs

To her remembrance; which when time

shall bring

To curious light, to notes I then shall sing,
Will prove old Orpheus' act no tale to be:
For I shall move stocks, stones, no less
than he.

Then all that have but done my Muse least
grace, 1

Shall thronging come, and boast the happy place

They hold in my strange poems, which, as yet,

Had not their form touched by an English
wit.

There, like a rich and golden pyramede,
Borne up by statues, shall I rear your head
Above your under-carved ornaments,
And shew how to the life my soul presents
Your form imprest there: not with tickling
rhymes,

Or common-places filched, that take these
times,

But high and noble matter, such as flies From brains entranced, and filled with extasies;

Moods which the godlike Sidney oft did prove,

And your brave friend and mine so well did love.

Who, wheresoe'er he be

XIII.
EPISTLE.

TO KATHARINE, LADY AUBIGNY.2
'Tis grown almost a danger to speak true
Of any good mind now; there are so few.
The bad, by number are so fortified,
As what they have lost t' expect, they dare

deride.

So both the praised and praisers suffer; yet,
For others ill ought none their good forget.
I therefore, who profess myself in love
With every virtue, wheresoe'er it move,
And howsoever; as I am at feud
With sin and vice, though with a throne
endued;

And, in this name, am given out dangerous
By arts and practice of the vicious,
Such as suspect themselves, and think it fit,
For their own capital crimes, to indict my
wit;

I that have suffered this; and though forsook
Of Fortune, have not altered yet my look,
Or so my self abandoned, as because
Men are not just, or keep no holy laws
Of nature and society, I should faint;
Or fear to draw true lines, 'cause others
paint :

I, madam, am become your praiser; where,
The rest is lost. If it may stand with your soft blush to hear

Philotas, with a dedication in verse to Prince Henry, of which it is scarcely possible to read without emotion the simple and affecting conclusion:

And I, although among the latter train

And least of those that sung unto this land, Have borne my part, though in an humble strain, And pleased the gentler that did understand. And never had my harmless pen at all

Distained with any loose immodesty,
Nor ever noted to be touched with gall,
To aggravate the worst man's infamy.
But still have done the fairest offices

To virtue and the time: yet nought prevails,
And all our labours are without success,
For either favour or our virtue fails.
And therefore since I have outlived the date
Of former grace, acceptance, and delight,
I would my lines late born beyond the fate
Of her spent line, (a) had never come to light!
So had I not been taxed for wishing well,
Nor now mistaken by the censuring stage,
Nor in my fame and reputation fell,

Which I esteem more than what all the age
Or th' earth can give: But years hath done this

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He could not be beyond five-and-forty at this period of despondency: he remained, however, about the court for some time longer, probably till about 1615, in which year Jonson, who was still rising in reputation, obtained a fixed salary for his services, when this amiable man retired the remainder of his days in privacy, piety, and to Somersetshire, commenced farmer, and passed

peace.

Daniel was highly esteemed by Queen Anne, and to this Jonson alludes in the text, while his great patron was James. Still, however, there seems no adequate cause for any hostility against Jonson, if he only made a fair advantage of his superior talents for the drama; for which, it must be confessed, his rival wanted both energy and fancy, and which indeed he laments, just above, that he ever attempted.

1 Then all that have but done my Muse least grace,

Shall thronging come.] This intimates a design the poet had of celebrating the ladies of his native country.-WHAL. See ante, p. 59 b.

2 Lady Aubigny.] This lady has been already noticed. She was the daughter and sole heir of Sir Gervase Clifton, and was married to Lord Aubigny in 1607. The connexion with a family so deservedly dear to James I. as the Stewarts procured a peerage for her father, who was created in the following year Baron Clifton, of Leighton Bromswold, in Nottinghamshire.

T

Your self but told unto your self, and see
In my character what your features be,
You will not from the paper slightly pass:
No lady but at some time loves her glass.
And this shall be no false one, but as much
Removed as you from need to have it such.
Look then, and see your self-I will not say
Your beauty, for you see that every day;
And so do many more: all which can call
It perfect, proper, pure and natural,
Not taken up o' the doctors, but as well
As I, can say and see it doth excel;
That asks but to be censured by the eyes:
And in those outward forms all fools are
wise.

Nor that your beauty wanted not a dower,
Do I reflect. Some alderman has power,
Or cozening farmer of the customs, so
To advance his doubtful issue, and o'erflow
A prince's fortune: these are gifts of chance,
And raise not virtue; they may vice enhance.
My mirror is more subtle, clear, refined,
And takes and gives the beauties of the mind;
Though it reject not those of Fortune: such
As blood, and match. Wherein, how more
than much

Are you engaged to your happy fate,
For such a lot! that mixt you with a state
Of so great title, birth, but virtue most,
Without which all the rest were sounds, or
lost.

"Tis only that can time and chance defeat:
For he that once is good, is ever great.
Wherewith then, madam, can you better pay
This blessing of your stars, than by that way
Of virtue which you tread? What if alone,
Without companions? 'tis safe to have none.
In single paths dangers with ease are
watched ;

Contagion in the press is soonest catched. This makes, that wisely you decline your life Far from the maze of custom, error, strife, And keep an even, and unaltered gait ; Not looking by or back, like those that wait Times and occasions, to start forth, and

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Giddy with change, and therefore cannot see Right, the right way; yet must your comfort be

Your conscience, and not wonder if none asks For truth's complexion, where they all wear masks.

Let who will follow fashions and attires, Maintain their leigers forth for foreign wires, Melt down their husbands' land, to pour away

On the close groom and page, on newyear's day,

And almost all days after, while they live;
They find it both so witty and safe to give.
Let them on powders, oils, and paintings
spend,

Till that no usurer, nor his bawds dare lend
Them or their officers; and no man know,
Whether it be a face they wear or no.
Let them waste body and state; and after all,
When their own parasites laugh at their fall,
May they have nothing left whereof they can
Boast, but how oft they have gone wrong

to man,

And call it their brave sin: for such there be
That do sin only for the infamy;
And never think how vice doth every hour
Eat on her clients, and some one devour.
You, madam, young have learned to shun
these shelves,

Whereon the most of mankind wreck themselves,

And keeping a just course, have early put Into your harbour, and all passage shut 'Gainst storms or pirates, that might charge

your peace;

For which you worthy are the glad increase Of your blest womb,1 made fruitful from above

To pay your lord the pledges of chaste love; And raise a noble stem, to give the fame To Clifton's blood, that is denied their name. Grow, grow, fair tree! and as thy branches shoot,

Hear what the Muses sing about thy root, By me, their priest, if they can aught divine: Before the moons have filled their triple

trine,

To crown the burden which you go withal, It shall a ripe and timely issue fall,

To this nobleman Herrick has a poem in which he alludes to the disastrous fate of his family, Hesperides, p. 197:

"Of all those three brave brothers, faln in war (Not without glory), noble sir, you are, Despite of all concussions, left the stem To shoot forth generations like to them."

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And all do strive to advance

The gladness higher;

Wherefore should I,
Stand silent by,

Who not the least, Both love the cause and authors of the feast?

1 To Sir William Sidney, on his birthday.] He was the eldest son of Sir Robert Sidney, created Earl of Leicester by King James, and a nephew of Sir Philip Sidney. He died unmarried, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.— WHAL.

Sir William Sidney appears to have died about the same time with Prince Henry; so that this Ode must be placed among our author's earlier pieces. G. Wither (the Satyromastix) drew up "Mournful Elegies" on the death of the latter, and addressed them to Sir William's father, in which he tells the noble lord that

some

His haplesse loss had more apparent been, But darkened by the Other, 'twas unseen !"

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Say you have followed far, When well begun :

Which must be now,

They teach you how.
And he that stays

To live until to-morrow', hath lost two days.

Furthermore to comfort him he presents him with an anagram on his son's name, which is about the worst that ever appeared: "GULIELMUS SIDNEIUS. En vilis gelidus sum. But

Ei' nil luge, sidus sum." And which, lest the consolatory part of it should escape him, is thus explained at large: "Nor do I think it can be rightly said,

You are unhappy in this One that's dead:
For notwithstanding his first anagram,
Frights, with Behold, how cold and vile I am;
Yet in his last he seems more cheerful far,
And joyes with Soft, mourn not, I am a star."

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Good and great GOD! can I not think of
Thee,

But it must straight my melancholy be?
Is it interpreted in me disease,

That, laden with my sins, I seek for ease?
O be Thou witness, that the reins dost know
And hearts of all, if I be sad for show;
And judge me after if I dare pretend
To aught but grace, or aim at other end.
As Thou art all, so be Thou all to me,
First, midst, and last, converted One, and
Three !

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My faith, my hope, my love; and in this state,

My judge, my witness, and my advo

cate.

Where have I been this while exiled from Thee,

And whither rapt, now Thou but stoop'st to me?

Dwell, dwell here still! O, being everywhere,

How can I doubt to find Thee ever here? I know my state, both full of shame and scorn,

Conceived in sin, and unto labour born, Standing with fear, and must with horror fall,

And destined unto judgment, after all. I feel my griefs too, and there scarce is ground

Upon my flesh t' inflict another wound :1 Yet dare I not complain or wish for death,

With holy PAUL, lest it be thought the breath

Of discontent; or that these prayers be
For weariness of life, not love of Thee.2

Scriptures in this place, it might be the following verse of Euripides, which is quoted by Longinus, and praised for its nervous conciseness:

Γεμω κακων δη· κ' ουκετ' εσθ' όπη τεθῃ. 2 This is an admirable prayer: solemn, pious, and scriptural. Jonson's religious impressions were deep and awful. He had, like all of us, his moments of forgetfulness; but whenever he returned to himself he was humble, contrite, and believing.

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