them and the white residents. There has been, on one or two occasions, some friction between individual members of the Navajo tribes and whites, but nothing of a serious public character.

The persistent efforts to the education of the Navajo and other Indian children are beginning to show good results. All the Indian schools are well attended, and the children are being satisfactorily inducted into the ways of civilized life and in the establishment of habits and education that can not but have a beneficial effect upon their surroundings as they return to their homes, young men and women to dominate, by numbers and educated habits of life, their several localities. The establishment of these schools in accessible relation to the relatives of the pupils was a wise and thoughtful measure.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

There is but little to report under this head in addition to the report of last year.

The

The Territory has but two public buildings-the capitol, or statehouse, and a penitentiary, authorized by the legislative assembly of 1884; the first at a cost of $200,000 and the second at $150,000. capitol building is a commodious, well-planned, well-appointed, and elegant structure, creditable alike to the Territory and to the designer, and erected at a cost within the appropriation.

Five of the counties have commodious and tasteful court-houses and jails-those of Bernalillo County, erected at a cost of $97,000; San Miguel, $126,000; Socorro, $48,000; Santa Fé, $50,000; Grant, $36,000, and Doña Ana, $40,000.

The Federal building for the accommodation of United States courts, surveyor general's offices, land offices, etc., for which an appropriation was made by Congress two years ago, is now very near to completion. It is a beautiful, substantial structure, and its appearance in every respect indicates that the money for its erection has been carefully and honestly expended.

LEGISLATION.

There having been no session of the legislature since the winter of 1886-'87, there is nothing to report as having transpired under that heading.

The public attention having been sharply drawn to the lack of remedial legislation at the last session, especially for the betterment of the financial condition of the Territory, there is good reason to hope that the record of the approaching session, which commences on the 31st of De cember next, will be more satisfactory of retrospection than was the last.

UNDEVELOPED RESOURCES.

New Mexico possesses a very wide range of resources that are as yet not at all or only partially developed. Principal among these are our coals. The character of these coals is anthracite, lignite, and bituminous. The anthracite is so far found in but one locality-the southern portion of Santa Fé County-but the deposit is large, and is found in juxtaposition with both lignite and bituminous coals. The coal veins of that district are from 3 to 6 feet in thickness, and have been sufficiently exploited to establish an extent of at least 500 and probably 1,000,000 acres. A large proportion of these coals being on disputed Spanish grants, there has been comparatively little organized or sys

tematic development, though, as near as can be estimated, the output for the year has been in the neighborhood of 100,000 tons, a large proportion of it converted into coke for smelting and reduction purposes the district.

in

The Gallup mines, in the western part of Bernalillo County, on the line of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, are the most extensive in the Territory. These mines are supposed, from fairly well-established data, to be located on the southern point of a coal deposit about 10 miles wide from east to west, and widening northward into Colorado, a distance of some 200 miles. The present working mines at Gallup are four-the Gallup Coal Company, the Aztec, the Black Diamond, and the Crown Point. The output for the year was 300,000 tons. There are here five well defined veins, which aggregate 28 feet of solid coal, lignite, of a very fine quality for all ordinary uses. Extent of development (tunneling), 8,000 feet; number of men employed, 400; value of output at mine, $600,000.

The Monero and Amargo mines, in Rio Arriba County, on the Colorado border and near the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, also produce an excellent quality of coals, being in general character, as to quality and thickness of veins, very similar to the other soft coals of the Territory. Extent so far unknown, but probably belong to the coal-measures running northward from Gallup.

Very excellent bituminous coal is also found in Lincoln County, in the vicinity of White Oaks. The extent of the deposit is known to be considerable, though development has been small, as the demand is limited to local consumption, there being no transportation to other or distant markets. The thickness of the vein now being worked averages 4feet; extent of development, 300 feet of tunnel; output for the year, 3,000 tons.

The output of the Blossburg mines, near the Colorado border, and operated by the Raton Coal and Coke Company, was 156,000 tons, and the output of the San Pedro Coal and Coke Company, operating at Carthage, Socorro County, 59,000 tons of coal, the latter rendered into 14,000 tons of coke.

Coal has been found in other portions of the Territory, but being isolated from railroad transportation, and no local demand on account of sparse population, little or no development has been made.

From this established data it will be seen that the coal measures of the Territory are of very great extent, aggregating fully 4,000 square miles of at least 10-foot veins of coal. This vast store of latent steampower, in connection with a corresponding deposit of all the precious and useful metals, usually found in immediate or convenient proximity to this coal, indicates, of itself, the establishment here, sooner or later, of very important manufacturing industries, and when the development of these resources shall be supplemented by a corresponding agricult ural product resulting from the establishment of an effective system of irrigation, whereby these now barren mesas will have been converted into fruitful farms, gardens, vineyards, and stock ranches, the measure of the productive power and possible prosperity of this region will be something startling to contemplate, and beyond computation.

In other respects than in coal and metals the native products of the soil here are something remarkable. Natural deposits of salt are found in several parts of the Territory. Good glass sand is found in southern Santa Fé County. Cañaique, or tanning plant, which produces superior tannic acid, grows spontaneously and in great profusion in all parts of the Territory, especially in the south, and several varieties of cacti, INT 88-VOL II- -54

which grow spontaneously everywhere, produce excellent fiber for making cordage and the finest varieties of paper, while all our mountains abound in every variety of the finest building stones and good timber. Immense deposits of fine clay, of quality suitable to the manufacture of the finest pottery and queensware, are found in several places, especially in the Gallup coal mines in contact with coal.

Added to this extraordinary range and quality of undeveloped natural resources, New Mexico presents to the home-seeker a climate unsurpassed and rarely equaled in genial equabillity. Located on the southern rim of the temperate zone, and facing the south, the great altitude tempers the heats of the southern latitude, and renders the climate at once dry, exhilarating, buoyant, and healthful. The days are nowhere too warm for the comfortable pursuit of all out-door vocations, and the nights are always and everywhere, in the warmest season, cool and invigorating, affording the system complete recuperation from the fatigue and turmoil of the day.

Very respectfully,

Hon. Wм. F. VILAS,

EDMUND G. Ross,

Governor.

Secretary Interior.

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR OF UTAH.

TERRITORY OF UTAH, EXECUTIVE OFFICE,
Salt Lake City, October 1, 1888.

SIR. In compliance with your request I submit the following report of affairs in this Territory:

The census in the year 1880 gave to Utah a population of 143,963. It is now estimated that we have a population of about 210,009, and have an assessed taxable valuation of $46,379,073, an increase of about 11,000,000 over last year. No reports from Emery, Millard, San Pete and Sevier Counties having been received for the present year, their assessed valuation is given at last year's figures.

The population as shown by the census of 1880 consisted of 99,969 natives (of whom 80,841 were born in Utah) and of 43,994 foreign born. England, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, Canada, and the German Empire contributed in the order named to the foreign-born population, England furnishing nearly onehalf.

The foreign population has been increased since 1880 by Mormon immigration, chiefly English and Scandinavian, as follows:

SETTLEMENT OF LANDS.

The disposition and settlement of public lands in this Territory and statement of the total business of the land office from the time of its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the last fiscal year, June 30, 1888, is shown in the following table:

Total number of acres surveyed in Utah to June 30, 1888, 12,080,441.81.

COMMERCE OF UTAH.

7,510, 678.33

5, 689. 56 139, 482.02 2,788.72

20, 392, 968. 14 1, 151, 783. 39

The past year has been one of progress and prosperity for the Territory.

The organization of the business men in our chief cities, regardless of religious or political opinions, for the conservation of their interests. and the material development of the Territory, has been productive of much good in the creation of new and inspiring of additional vigor and life into old enterprises. Movements inaugurated and carried forward by these associations for the spread of information as to the advantages and resources of the Territory have met with gratifying success, inducing the incoming of many desirable citizens and much new capital. Especially notable is the advance made in the cities of Salt Lake and Ogden, where building has been and is going forward, giving steady and constant employment both to common and skilled labor at remunerative wages. There has been a healthy activity and steady growth of the commerce and trade of the Territory.

The railroad traffic, both passenger and freight, shows an increase of at least 25 per cent. over last year.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.

My last annual report to the Department, to which I refer, entered fully into details as to our varied industries and interests.

I note with pleasure that our manufacturing interests continue prosperous--old establishments holding their own and new enterprises being inaugurated.