the convention which put into operation the first political machinery of the national party in Utah, and "gentiles" and the liberal elders were mixed on the independent ticket. A mass-meeting was also called of the liberal party, to confirm or disapprove the nominations of the convention. also nearly all gentiles, chiefly United States officers, and President Young was convinced before the morning that he had committed another mistake; for early he sent down his chief clerk to the Tribune office to pay for the damages done to the place of meeting, laughing the affair off as an intended practical joke upon the opposition party. But the United States men, who were the committee, would not thus consider it, but sent out in print their stern protest, denouncing the affair as a political outrage, worthy to be classed with the early acts of Kansas. The church authorities were also given to understand that, if necessary, on the Monday's election, the soldiers from Camp Douglas would be posted in the city to pro But Brigham Young had resolved not only on a female suffrage bill to overthrow his enemies, but also on a coup d'état, providing some excuse could be worked up through the management of his agents. He notified the bishops to send picked men to the mass-meeting. Main Street was lined with a chosen mob, who, on the opening of the doors, rushed in with shouts and possessed the place in a moment. At their head came one of the three archbish-tect United States citizens in the exercise of ops of Mormondom, with the marshal of the their rights. The election, however, came and Territory, and, like so many captains, followed passed off without any more than a legitimate the policemen; the whole body organizing as by excitement attending the first organized oppoprogramme, each principal man taking his as-sition to the church rule over the state. signed place. The marshal marched to the foot of the stand, laid his cloak and hat on the table, and, turning to the expectant sea of faces, stroked his flowing beard majestically, and moved Bishop Jesse C. Little to the chair. The church nominations were then duly taken up and carried by acclamation; after which the bishop told the people to go peacefully to their homes, and then marched through the crowd and left the hall, followed by the responsible men. That a sequel was intended was evident. The mob remained; the secret police were among them, and the little party of the independent men was literally wedged into the corners around the stand. These were well armed, as it is supposed was the case with every man in the hall. Within, and without in the street, there were not unlikely a thousand armed men, and no one knew what a moment would bring forth. For the space of ten minutes there was a great suspense; all were waiting, no one acting. Mr. Kelsey, the real chairman of the meeting-for it was an adjourned one-calmly and respectfully urged the people to withdraw as their bishop had counseled, thus connecting the sequel with the men in authority. The impatient people at length began to clamor, while the little band of the independents remained quiet, but ready to sell their lives dearly. "I can take that man out," exclaimed a chief of the police, who had been posted all the evening behind Mr. Kelsey, as he left his position to take out the offender from his own party. It was the excuse, the signal, for dispersion; in five minutes the hall was cleared. As the affair shaped itself, it was plain to the managers that Brigham would be made responsible for all the acts of that night. Moreover, Godbe, Harrison, Shearman, and Lawrence, the rival candidate for the mayorship, were ab Meanwhile the Cullom bill was before the House, and near its passage; the leading papers were speculating upon the prospects of another Mormon war, and the probable exodus of the "peculiar people" to some spot outside the United States dominion, while Mr. Fitch made his great speech before the House on the same subject. The Mormon leaders on their side were proclaiming their intentions, through the Deseret News, and the bishops throughout the Territory, that they would lay their cities and settlements in ashes and make another exodus if the Cullom bill was passed and the government sent troops to execute it. But this was not all; vengeance was to be taken. The bishops boldly declared on the stand that in the event they would first "wipe out the Godbeites and the gentiles;" and the fanatics among the people openly talked of it as a settled thing, even in the presence of the men marked for vengeance. The passage of the bill at that period in both Houses, and the immediate action of the government to enforce it, would have been most fatal to all concerned, and martyrdom to the men who, daily, at the risk of their lives, were boldly braving the priestly leaders and warning the people against a disloyal course. deemed expedient in this crisis that William S. Godbe, the leader of the reformers, should go immediately to Washington to explain the situation to President Grant and the chief men of the nation, of whose sympathy with their cause they had received many assurances. It was The leader of the reformers, on being presented by Mr. Colfax, was cordially received by the President of the United States, who was then face to face with the difficulty of thousands in the person of a patriot who had laid his life, his fortune, and his family upon the altar for a public cause, to help bring the Mormons into harmony with the age, and preserve them from a collision with the government. The interview was long and important, for General Grant was as much interested in the matter as Mr. Godbe. The reformer received the assur ance of the President that the government | to be present, for thus General Sheridan had would act with a deep consideration of the complex case, and that troops should only be used as a moral force. He left the presence of the executive chief confident that Utah would be permitted to work out her own redemption by her agencies of progress, her new circumstances, and her mines, simply backed by a firm but ordinary administration. The Cullom bill, however, had previously passed the House, and was referred to the Senate. At home in Utah the Mormon apostles had gathered an immense assembly of the brotherhood .in mass-meeting to memorialize the Senate, affirming polygamy as a part of their religion, and a matter in which their salvation was involved. Respectfully, but with the solemn earnestness of men who would meet martyrdom rather than renounce their religion, they proclaimed to the nation their unalterable resolution to "obey the commandments of God," be the consequences what they might. been instructed by President Grant, that Mr. Godbe and his copatriots might furnish information and their experience in dealing with Mormon affairs; for all the government designed, the general said, was to use the troops as a "moral force." The result was that another military post was established to fortify the situation at Provo, the second principal city in the Territory. The time for Governor Shaffer's coup de main on the militia question soon arrived, when he issued the following PROCLAMATION. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, September 15, 1870. Know ye that I, J. Wilson Shaffer, Governor of the Territory of Utah, and Commander-in-chief of the Mili- that they be obeyed and respected accordingly. tember, A.D. 1870. By the Governor. J. W. SHAFFER, Governor. VERNON H. VAUGHAN, Secretary Utah Territory. But this instrument alone would have left the matter very much as before. A gentile com nothing from the hands of Brigham Young and Lieutenant-General Wells. It was necessary that the military force of the Mormon popedom, by which it had in 1857-58 maintained an actual rebellion, should be broken up forever. This was the aim of the second PROCLAMATION. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, SALT LAKE CITY, The administration of Governor Shaffer, which came in at this point, took the Territory Territory, at Salt Lake City, this the 15th day of Sepover to United States ground. No more could Brigham Young boast that he was the Governor of Utah. General Shaffer was sent by President Grant for the express purpose of breaking down that assumption forever, and estab-mander and a Mormon army would have taken lishing at length over the Territory the rule of the republic, overturning the rule of the theocracy. It was known to the Mormon chiefs and to the opposition that he was chosen specially for this, and his arrival in Salt Lake City created a general concern on one side and an eager confidence on the other. The new Governor, however, duly appreciated the views of the protestant elders, with whom he often counseled, and settled upon the policy of leaving the peculiar institutions of the Mormon people to the action of the extraordinary circumstances then rapidly developing. He was convinced that enough would be done if he made himself governor in fact, and practically affirmed the national supremacy. But even this could not be well and wisely done unless done cautiously, and a trial case placed between himself as the Governor of the Territory and the chiefs of the hierarchy in their exercise of power which clearly belonged to the state. The Utah militia, which had from the beginning been in the hands of the church, was chosen to furnish such a case, and that, too, directly between the Governor, as the right-order, he is hereby authorized and empowered to make ful commander-in-chief of the militia, and Lieutenant-General Daniel H. Wells, who for years had been the actual commander-in-chief and one of the three presidents of the church. UTAH TERRITORY, September 15, 1870. Know ye that I, J. Wilson Shaffer, Governor of the Territory of Utah, and Commander-in-chief of the Militia of the Territory of Utah, do hereby forbid and prohibit all musters, drills, or gatherings of militia of the Territory of Utah, and all gatherings of any kind or description of armed persons within the Territory of Utah, except by my order, or by the order of the United States Marshal, should he need a posse comitatus to execute any order of the court, and not otherwise. And it is hereby further ordered that all arms or munitions of war belonging to either the United States or the Territory of Utah within said Territory, not in the possession of United States soldiers, be immediately delivered by the parties having the same in their possession to Colonel William M. Johns, Assist ant Adjutant-General. And it is further ordered that should the United States Marshal need a posse comitatus to enforce any order of the courts, or to preserve posse comitatus or armed force; and Major-General P. a requisition upon Major-General P. E. Connor for such E. Connor is hereby authorized to order out the militia, or any part thereof, as my order, for said purpose or purposes, and no other. The church authorities at first, in defiance of the proclamation of the Governor, contemplated the annual muster of the militia, retaining President Wells in the extraordinary office of lien It was deemed necessary to send more of the regular troops to Utah to establish there as many military posts as the circumstances required. For this purpose General Sheridan visited Salt Lake City to make himself ac-tenant-general. quainted with the situation. A council was held upon the matter in Governor Shaffer's room, and the leading reformers were invited VOL. XLIII.-No. 256.-39 But the dying veteran was equal to the occasion. "Do not imagine," he said to a city authority, "that I shall call upon the few troops at Camp Douglas to execute my order.. I shall telegraph to President Grant | now, they say, has "uncovered the mines." Into send me on enough force. It will be sent. deed, it is not improbable that those whom the You will not want to see troops a second time age has hitherto known as the community of in Salt Lake City." Grant afterward affirmed "Saints," in future will be known as the comthat Will Shaffer should not have been disap-munity of miners; for Utah in her silver bids fair pointed, but should have been backed with suf- to be to America what Wales is to England for ficient force. coal and iron. President Wells, as "captain of the Lord's host," would have dared rebellion, but Brigham Young retreated in time. The kingdom gave way to the republic. General Shaffer lived just long enough to make the nation supreme in Utah. Next in importance to the taking of the militia out of the hands of the church, was that of taking the United States courts out of her hands by the ruling of the chief justice, J. B. McKean, that the United States marshal had the right to call the jurors of the Supreme Court. Closely following these events was the contested election for the seat in Congress between delegate Hooper and General Maxwell, which gave another practical illustration of the wonderful changes fast coming over the theocratic Territory. But the mines of Utah have done, perhaps, more than any other agency in bringing about those changes, and they will give to Utah her future. To General P. Edward Connor and the California volunteers is due the credit of giving the first mining impulses to the country, but it was not till the reform leaders braved the priestly anathemas, and urged the Mormons to develop their mineral resources, that the spell was broken which had so long held them from opening the inexhaustible treasuries which they believed were all around them. From that day a new era has opened to Utah, and her mines have already obtained a national fame. They are being opened in every direction throughout the Territory, and fabulous wealth is in them. Valuable discoveries have been made of chlorides and "horn silver," varying in actual assay value from five hundred dollars to twenty-seven thousand dollars per ton. Though several other mines are becoming of nearly equal reputation for future prospects, the "Little Emma" is the most prominent. She is now returning a quarter of a million dollars per month, or ten thousand dollars per day, and many millions of wealth will be taken from this mine alone before it is exhausted. Yet the country is only beginning to open its treasure-houses, and, till within the last six months, excepting in the Emma, labor has done the work almost without the helping hand of capital, which to-day, however, is making haste to become principal. Not more than eighteen months ago Brigham Young excommunicated the reformers for urging the people to develop their mineral wealth, but to-day he and his apostles are pushing them in the same direction, carried on themselves by the irresistible rush of the new circumstances. They are striving with all their might to hold the supremacy of the country by reversing their policy. The "Lord" The future of Utah is very distinctly marked. Theocracy will pass away, and a republican State take its place, while ten years hence scarcely a relic of polygamy and the patriarchal system will remain. STOLEN FLOWERS. John Lintott, age unknown, but supN the 8th of June a boy, who gave his name posed over twelve, with long matted hair, and with hands and features almost untraceable through the dirt by which they were begrimed, was brought before Mr. Vaughan, magistrate, at Bow Street, London, charged with being found in Somerset Street, Strand, with a box of flowers in his possession, supposed to have been stolen. Police-constable Sergeant, E division, stopped the boy at twelve o'clock at night. He said a chap gave him the box to take to a coffee-house in Hart Street; but he was walking in the opposite direction. It was found that the box contained cut flowers, worth two guineas, and had been stolen from a van belonging to Mr. Reeve, florist, Acton. MR. VAUGHAN (to prisoner). "Where do you live?" PRISONER. "I don't live nowhere." PRISONER. "No; I ain't got no friends." MR. VAUGHAN. "But where do you sleep at night ?" PRISONER. "Under the show-board agin the Lyceum Theayter." MR. VAUGHAN. "What does he say ?” JAILER. "He says he sleeps under the large posting-board in front of the Lyceum Theatre." MR. VAUGHAN. "Do you mean, boy, that you sleep there every night?" PRISONER. "No; I don't sleep there every night. Sometimes I gits under other boards." MR. VAUGHAN. "But have you no home, no father or mother?" PRISONER. "I has a father and mother, but they won't let me go home. When I goes home they turn me out again. Father says he won't have me there." MR. VAUGHAN. "Why does he refuse to have you there?" PRISONER. "'Cause I stopped out two or three nights. Then he wouldn't never take me back again." MR. VAUGHAN. "Where does he live?" PRISONER. "Over a boot-shop in Red Lion Street. I don't know the number." MR. VAUGHAN. "What is your father? Where does he work?" PRISONER. "In Common Garden Market." JAILER. "He is a porter in the market, your worship." rance may be pleaded by the Artful Dodger. Nevertheless, those whose universe admits other considerations than the rules of meum and The prisoner was then remanded for a week. tuum can not help reflecting that it were almost Shortly before this incident occurred I had as bad that John Lintott should be denied sunbeen wandering for a few days amid the beau- shine as that he should be denied flowers, or, ties of embowered Surrey, losing myself amid at least, that beauty which the flowers signify. the floral seas that surround Deepdene, and The wretched boy-yes, every boy and girl who gathering wild flowers in the woods near Go- is begging flowers this moment about Covent dalming. When I reached Waterloo Station, Garden-is a bundle of unsatisfied hunger; and on my return, I bore quantities of these flowers where the skinny little hand passes by this or in my hand, and in all the by-ways through that exposed edible to purloin a flower, there which I passed on my way home I was sur-is a hunger that may be for a half-penny, but rounded by ragged and filthy children, each again may be for what is highest and noblest. pleading for a flower. One or two pale-faced It is of such stuff as this last that artists are girls overcame the grasp with which I held on made. I once heard a philosopher claim that to my beauties; but for the rest I stopped my all human beings were poets, because they loved ears with the maxim that charity begins at fables. I will claim that these London Arabs home, and pressed on. It took only two days are artists, because no one can walk through for my flowers to wither; and, now that I the streets with a flower in his hand without have read the dialogue that occurred between being asked for it, in pleading tones, twenty John Lintott and the magistrate, I begin to times where he will be asked for a penny once. wish that I had disposed of my flowers a little differently. Might I not have put them into a new blossoming by making each call a smile of delight to one of those children inured to want and dirt? Might I not have made them enduring had I associated them with little faces made happier? And what might not one of the flowers have meant for the poor child clutching after it? A smile of God through the darkness of poverty and sin, it may be-a radiance such as falls for me from Raphael's Madonna. But may it not be that the ragged John Lintott merely meant to sell the flowers? It may be so; but it is doubtful, and I give Johnny the benefit of the doubt. I put the question to one who knows much about our street Arabs. "Don't know," was the reply; "these ragamuffins are always mad after flowers." Moreover, there were as many vegetables as roses at the spot whence the flowers were stolen. Mad after flowers, then, is this wretched, dirt-grimed child of thirteen. Can a woman forget her child? Father and mother have abandoned little John to find his only bed on the stone which the high porch of the Lyceum Theatre shelters. He "ain't got no friends." But one day the flowers may have (who knows?) smiled on him with something of a mother's smile, and the roses said, Poor Johnny, we are your friends! So he hears, and remembers; and in the hour of midnight he creeps from his show-board covert on the pavement, hies him in the darkness to the van of roses awaiting the morning market, and clasps his friends to bear them-whither? Heaven knows! "I don't live nowhere," says John. I can imagine that in certain far-away ages and climes such an incident would have called some artist to this child's cell in the stationhouse; but property stands for more than the love of beauty in England; and if the child of thirteen is permitted to ignore its laws, as defined by the Lord Chancellor, the same igno I sometimes wonder whether well-to-do people ever really sce a flower. Flowers are very mystical things. The daughter of Linnæus declared that she saw hovering just over a flower its spirit as a delicate flame. Had the great botanist's passion for flowers re-appeared in his daughter as a second sense? And may it be that some such second sense is enlisted when pure beauty is looked at from the nethermost region of ugliness? If from the bottom of a deep well the uplooking eye can see the stars at mid-day, may it not be that from amid dirt and filth and haggard dismalness there may be a radiance about these petals beyond that with which the sun can tint them, and beyond what people who live among comfort and pictures, or even with bright wall-paper around them, and carpets beneath them, can discern? It might be that Millais and Rossetti would give a great deal to see the hues of nature from the John Lintott point of view, if they knew more about it. But as few of us can get all the glimpses and revelations that visit the midnight passed under the show-board covert on the pavement fronting the Lyceum Theatre, let us try if we can not interpret flower language a little better by the light of our lad's story. It is common to point to flowers as final answers to utilitarianism. J. R. Lowell has told us of those practical questions which would abolish the rose and be answered triumphantly by the cabbage. All very true; but may not one question whether the flowers were really meant to be as useless as we make them out? No doubt their use is very different from that of the cabbage. One can heartily respond to Leigh Hunt's claim for them"Uselessness divinest, Of a use the finest;" but at the same time one may have a misgiving that we do not put them to the finest uses when we cut them for bouquets and adorn our rooms with them. The ancients made a religious use of flowers, as chaplets, altar decorations, and as symbols of particular gods and goddesses. | his mind about the beauty of honesty and truth, Each flower preserved a divine myth. The but none of the deliciousness of the color and tradition of their sanctity passed to the Chris- fragrance of flowers. But Mr. Ruskin tells us tian convents, and many of our exotics would of a boy who grew up not fifty yards from never have reached us but for their assiduous where John Lintott purloined flowers, under cultivation within monastic walls. The rosary whose eye and paint-brush the very cabbage is the transfiguration of roses into prayers; and leaves and incidental litter of Covent Garden one of the noblest of Persian sacred books is Market became glorious, and the castaway the Gulistan, or Rose Garden. Sheik Saadi orange peel was raised to Hesperian gardens, walked with his friend in a beautiful garden. and London fog became spiritual. Every poor "It was the season of spring; the air was tem-lad that wanders about the purlieus around perate, and the rose in full bloom. The vest- Covent Garden can not, indeed, become a Turnments of the trees resembled the festive gar-er; but by true care taken of him-half as ments of the fortunate. It was mid-spring, when the nightingales were chanting from the pulpits of the branches; the rose decked with pearly dew, like blushes on the cheek of a chiding mistress. You would have said that the knot of the Pleiades was suspended from the branch of the vine. Under the shade of its trees Zephyr had spread the variegated carpet. I saw in my friend's lap a collection of roses, odoriferous herbs, and hyacinths, which he had intended to carry into town. I said, 'You are not ignorant that the flower soon fadeth, and the enjoyment of the rose is of short continuance; and the sages have declared that the heart ought not to be set upon any thing that is transitory.' He asked, 'What course is there to be pursued?' I replied, "I am able to form a book of roses, whose spring the autumn blast can not injure. What benefit from a basket of flowers? Carry a leaf from my garden.' Saadi's friend cast away his flow-not leap in response to every smile and every 'Whilst the rose was yet in bloom the book entitled the Rose Garden was finished.'" From this book the dervishes get their hymns to-day, and the people say each sentence of it has seven meanings. ers. much, say, as Mr. Reeve, florist, bestowed on those stolen flowers-every lad might be taught to see blossoms in earth, in sky, lustres in human faces, now covered over by ignorance as thick as the dirt on his face. Every where, indeed, are flowers abloom. Wren and Barry saw them in parterres on the cornices of old buildings; Charles Dickens gathered them by handfuls from the dens of thieves. Will an age of humaniculture follow this of horticulture, which shall train our little Lintotts to withhold their hands from forbidden flowers, and answer their craving for the beautiful by training within them honesty, truth, sympathy, and hope? Every flower is a prophet of the Divine benevolence, and calls man to rise to the sacred circle of charity. Each says to the lowly listener at its feet, Strive to add some bloom to human pathways, and be sure that there is no heart so poor that it will kindness bestowed upon it. The art of making others happy-that is the great art. Such is the sense of the flowers. T PUNS AND PUNSTERS. Shall we say that, while carrying floriculture so far, we have not been able to transform our HE sort of verbal jest which the Greeks termflowers yet into transcendent rosaries and rose ed paronomasia, and which, in our language, gardens? I fear not. Poor little John would | is known by the less euphonious name of pun, not be so starved in heart and mind if we had is one of the most ancient forms of pleasantry. learned all the charity there is in a rose. The The earlier and later Hellenic and Roman flowers are but wasted in ball-rooms if they writers were partial to puns; so fond, indeed, might be carrying tender messages from God to as clearly to have regarded very poor ones as hearts to which earth refuses friends, and even much better than none at all, where the occamothers and fathers refuse a home. It is very sion did not allow the best. The plot of Hosad that any box of flowers which a boy of mer's Odyssey, as every scholar knows, would thirteen could carry should be worth over ten have failed of its dénouement but for the author's dollars in gold. Flowers ought not to be such play upon "Outis”—the most solemn and stuluxuries, but they are. And how can the case pendous pun ever perpetrated in literature. be bettered? We may and should make more Shakspeare, as every reader has observed, use of flowers in adorning our churches, mak- loved a pun so well that, for the sake of a paling of them a perpetual sacrament on the altar, try play upon words, he sometimes runs a suband twining them about our creeds and dog-lime passage quite "into the ground." Indeed, mas. We might do much, too, by seeing that they should be planted in every nook of the city where they will grow. But the real satisfaction for poor Johnny's craving is, I suspect, to open an eye in him which can see flowers more within his reach than those of the Acton the gravest writers of his time were excessively addicted to punning, and often sacrificed the dignity of their discourses to their fondness for quibbles. Cicero appears to have been extremely fond of punning, and employed the art for oratorical effect-sometimes with great felicity, as in one of his philippics, where the force of his invective is greatly enhanced by his use, not of the pun proper (that is, a word |