25, 1875; 'Landscape Gardening,' in 'Johnson's New Universal Cyclopedia' (vol. 2, 1878); and 'The spoils of the Park with a Few Leaves from the Deep-Laden Note-Book of "a Wholly Unpractical Man," published in 1882.

Time proves that Olmsted was not only the greatest landscape gardener the world has known, but the greatest of all American artists, and that his genius has added enduring pleasure and given health to the increasing millions of the urban population of the United States. He deserved all the honors that any one could bestow upon him. His greatness will be realized and appreciated as the centuries pass. CHARLES S. SARGENT

RAPHAEL PUMPELLY

1837-1923

THE vividness and the analytical viewpoint of 'My Reminiscences,' by Raphael Pumpelly, make any other account of his life seem superfluous. If with his roving disposition and love of adventure the author says that he seems always to have taken the path of least resistance, to have permitted chance remarks of friends and chains of coincidences to determine his courses and bring him his professional and administrative engagements, it is clear that every opportunity came unsolicited, and the reader will be in no doubt as to who was the smith of Raphael Pumpelly's

career.

He was born on September 8, 1837, at Owego, New York. His parents were William and Mary Hollenback (Welles), Pumpelly. His grandfather John Pumpelly was descended from a Huguenot family of Italian origin. In his mother's ancestry there was a large representation of colonial officials. Her wise discipline brought him safely through the dangers besetting the vigorous, independent boy at Owego Academy and Russell's Institute at New Haven, and first directed his interest towards the geology about his birth-place. While he was preparing for Yale College the chance remark of a friend led his restless spirit to abandon plans already made and go to Germany for further education, first at the polytechnic school at Hanover, and then at Freiburg. During these years he travelled extensively in Europe, studying geology and metallurgy at first hand through the great ranges of France, Italy, and especially Corsica, with his interest in the mountainforms and rocks subordinate to the pleasure of adventure, until chance led him to Freiburg, at the age of nineteen. Here he remained until 1859; and having then spent six years in Europe at his parents' expense, he believed it his duty to shift for himself, and returned to America.

While looking about for employment, he determined to try an The present memoir is drawn largely from this Autobiography.