KINGLET

INGLET (regulus cristatus, Ray), a well en-crowned warbler and wren. It is 33 in. long, yellowish olive-green above and yellowish gray below, with an orange-yellow crest bordered on each side with black. Though a permanent resident in Great Britain, considerable numbers come from the north in winter; they are fond of fir woods, very sociable with the titmice and creepers, hopping actively from

1. Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus cristatus). 2. Rubycrowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula).

branch to branch and clinging in various positions to the twigs in search of small insects. The nest is neat and cup-shaped, made of moss and lined with feathers, so suspended from three or four twigs that the branch shelters the opening; the eggs are six to ten; the female is very bold when hatching, and both sexes are very attentive to the young; the song is soft and pleasing. There are two nearly allied species of this genus in North America:

or

KING'S

the ruby-crowned and golden-crested kingLichtenstein, the former with a concealed crimson and the latter with an orange-red crown.

KINGMAN, a S. county of Kansas, recently formed, and not included in the census of 1870; area, 540 sq. m. It is intersected by the Ne-ne Squaw river.

KINGS, a S. E. county of New York, forming the W. extremity of Long Island; area, 72 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 419,921. It lies between the East river and New York harbor and the Atlantic ocean, embracing several small islands adjacent to the coast. A range of drift hills, from 50 to 300 ft. above tide water, crosses it from S. W. to N. E. The soil is a light sandy loam, capable of varied cultivation. The South Side railroad of Long Island, the Brooklyn, Bath, and Coney Island railroad, and the Brooklyn Central branch of the Long Island railroad pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 44,600 bushels of Indian corn, 547,375 of potatoes, and 2,057 tons of hay. There were on farms 1,241 horses, 16 mules and asses, 1,148 milch cows, 67 other cattle, and 750 swine. There are numerous manufacturing establishments, chiefly in Brooklyn, the county seat. In 1873 a proposition for the incorporation of the county towns with the city of Brooklyn was submitted to a popular vote, which resulted adversely.

KING'S. I. A S. central county of New Brunswick, Canada, drained by the St. John river; area, 1,408 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 24,593, of whom 10,841 were of Irish, 8,279 of English, 2,705 of Scotch, and 1,136 of German descent. It is traversed by the European and North American and the Intercolonial railways. The surface is diversified by a succession of hills, some of which, as the Pisgah, Piccadilla, and Moose hills, rise to a considerable height. The whole county, with its large tracts of intervals and meadow, bays, and rivers, presents a varied

and somewhat romantic landscape, and it is one of the best agricultural counties of the province. Iron ore of fine quality is abundant. Coal exists, but has not yet been mined. Limestone and gypsum are plentiful, and there are many mineral springs. Capital, Hampton. II. A S. W. county of Nova Scotia, Canada, situated on the bay of Fundy and Minas basin; area, 812 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 21,510, of whom 14,392 were of English, 3,755 of Irish, and 1,841 of Scotch descent. It is traversed by the Windsor and Annapolis railway. The coast line is broken and picturesque, but the borders of the rivers Annapolis, Gaspereaux, Cornwallis, Cunard, Habitant, and Pereau are flat, with large tracts of the richest alluvial deposits. The principal settlements are on those streams and on the route from Halifax to Annapolis. The Cornwallis river will admit steamers of light draft for upward of 20 miles. The soil is fertile, and the county contains iron ore, copper, silver, and slate. Capital, Kentville. III. The E. county of Prince Edward Island, Canada; area, 644 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 23,068. It is traversed by the Prince Edward Island railway. Its coasts are deeply indented by bays and inlets, and lined with settlements. There are also many villages in the interior. Capital, Georgetown.

KING'S, an inland county of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, bordering on Westmeath, Meath, Kildare, Queen's, Tipperary, Galway, and Roscommon counties; area, 770 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 75,781. On the south it is somewhat broken by ramifications of the Slievebloom mountains, among the principal summits of which are Arderin, 1,733 ft. high, and Carrol hill, 1,584 ft. The principal lakes are Loughs Fin, Boara, Annaghmore, and Pallas. The Shannon, Boyne, Barrow, and Brosna are the largest rivers. The soil is of average fertility, and agriculture is devoted to the usual corn crops. There are few minerals and no important manufactures. The chief towns are Parsonstown and Tullamore.

KINGS, Books of, one of the chief divisions of the historical series of the canonical Scriptures. In their contents, if not entirely in style and arrangement, they are a continuation of the books of Samuel, as the latter are of that of Judges. The Hebrew Bible originally had only one book of Kings, which in the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and modern Hebrew editions is divided into two. Both versions give the title books of Kings also to the books of Samuel, and thus have four books of Kings. Commencing with the conclusion of the history of David, to which the second book of Samuel and much of the first are devoted, the books of Kings proper relate the history of the Hebrew state under Solomon and Rehoboam, of the divided state under the rival dynasties of Israel and Judah, and of the latter alone, after the captivity of the ten tribes, down to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians. They thus cover altogether a period of about 430

years, beginning with about 1015 B. C. Some chapters dwell with special interest on the acts of the prophets Elijah and Elisha. Excepting these, the work seems to be an extract from annals of the Hebrew kings, to which reference is frequently made. The name of the author is unknown. Some suppose him to be identical with the author of Samuel, which others regard as improbable on critical grounds. He was probably a contemporary of Jeremiah, if not that prophet himself. The division of the work into two books is not founded on any intrinsic reasons. Among the best commentaries upon the book are those by Keil (1848; revised ed., 1865), Thenius (1849), and George Rawlinson (in the collection known as the "Speaker's Commentary," 1873).

KINGSBOROUGH, Edward King, viscount, an English archæologist, born Nov. 16, 1795, died in Dublin, Feb. 27, 1837. He is distinguished for his great work entitled " Antiquities of Mexico, comprising Facsimiles of Ancient Mexican Paintings and Hieroglyphics, together with the Monuments of New Spain by M. Dupaix, with their respective Scales of Measurement, and accompanying Descriptions; the whole illustrated by many valuable inedited MSS." (9 vols. fol., London, 1830-'48). The eighth and ninth volumes were published after his death, which took place from a fever caught in a debtor's prison, where he had been temporarily confined for a resistance to an attempted imposition. The first seven volumes are estimated to have cost upward of $300,000. The work is chiefly valuable for its generally faithful reproduction, in facsimile, of such Mexican hieroglyphical or painted records and rituals as were known to exist in the libraries and private collections of Europe. These, however, are often carelessly arranged, and the pages so confused as to be utterly unintelligible except to advanced students in American archæology. Most of the original speculations of Lord Kingsborough are exceedingly loose and crude, and mainly directed to the establishment of the hypothesis of the Jewish origin of the American Indians, or at least of the semi-civilized nations of Mexico and Central America. The ninth volume, containing the relation of Don Alva Ixtlilxochitl, is imperfect, closing abruptly without finishing the relation. Since the publication of the work of Lord Kingsborough a large number of additional Mexican MSS. or paintings have come to light, including a considerable part of those collected by Boturini, and supposed to have been lost. It has also been found, by careful collation, that the facsimiles of the work are not always critically correct.

KINGSBURY, a S. E. county of Dakota, recently formed and not included in the census of 1870; area, about 750 sq. m. It is intersected in the W. part by the Dakota or James river.

KINGSLEY, Calvin, an American clergyman, born at Annsville, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1812, died in Beyrout, Syria, April 6, 1870. He was licensed