menians. In the pattern department no races but Americans and Germans are employed as all the labor in this department is skilled. In the machinery and power department practically the same condition prevails as all the occupations such as blacksmiths, mechanics, pattern makers, electricians, pipe fitters, etc., call for skilled labor and are occupied by Americans, Irish, and Germans. In the finishing department where both skilled and unskilled labor is employed the Americans, Germans, and Irish have the positions calling for skilled labor and the Macedonians, Bulgarians, Turks, Roumanians, and negroes the positions requiring only unskilled labor.

The foregoing statements may be graphically shown by exhibiting the occupations by race in a number of the departments of the local manufacturing establishments. Immediately below there is submitted a table showing the number of the representatives of the several races in the various occupations of a large rolling mill.

TABLE 593.-Number of male employees of a rolling mill in Community E, by race and occupation.

The following tables show the number of each race in the chief occupations of the corn-products refining establishment.

TABLE 594.-Number of male employees in a corn-product refining company in Community E, by race and occupation.

Table 595.—Number of female employees in a corn-product refining company in Community E, by race and occupation.

Ameri

Occupation.

can, German. Irish. Magyar. Polish. Slovak. Total. White.

The table next presented shows the number of employees in each principal occupation of the stamp works of the local stamping and graniteware company:

TABLE 596.-Number of male employees in a granite and stamping plant in Community

E, by race and occupation.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The following table shows that of the 44 Magyar husbands from whom information was received all are regularly employed and earn an average of $444 per annum.

TABLE 597.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the range in annual earnings of male heads of families:

TABLE 598.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race of

individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only male heads of selected families. For selection of families, see p. 272.]

The preceding table shows that the annual average earnings of foreign heads of Maygar families are $444, and that all of the heads earn less than $800 per year. Slightly more than two-fifths earn under $400, and a shade more than four-fifths less than $600.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, yearly approximate earnings of all males 18 years of age or over, in the households studied, who were working for wages.

TABLE 599.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

General nativity and race of individual.

Number

working

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

for wages Average

earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under Under Under $200 $400 $600 $1,000. $200. $400. $600. $1,000.

The average yearly earnings for all foreign-born males who are working for wages are shown by the above table to be $285. The annual earnings of the Magyars are considerably above those of the Bulgarians, the former showing $339 as compared with $261 of the latter. About the same proportions of the Magyars and Bulgarians earn under $200 per year, while a larger proportion of the latter than of the former earn under $400 and under $600.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount.

TABLE 600.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family.

The foregoing table, which shows the range of annual family income for Magyar families whose heads were born abroad, discloses the fact that the great majority of families have a yearly income under $750, 36.4 per cent an annual family income under $500, and 13.6 per cent less than $300. All of the families have an annual income under $1,500, and 86.4 per cent a yearly income of less than $1,000.

WIVES AT WORK.

The extent to which the female members of the households contribute to the family support is indicated by the two tables next submitted. The first table shows that, of the 44 wives in households whose heads were foreign-born Magyars, only 2, or 4.5 per cent, were at work outside of the home. The average earnings of these women have not been computed owing to the small numbers involved.

TABLE 601.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.
(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the yearly earnings, approximate, of females 18 years of age or over, in the households studied, who were working for wages.

TABLE 602.— Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

The one Croatian female at work for wages reports earnings under $400. Of the three Magyar women, two earn under $200 and all three who are at work less than $300.