The preceding table shows a rapid advancement in literacy among the Bulgarians according to period of residence in the United States, 67 per cent of the representatives of this race of a period of residence under 5 years, as compared with 94.1 per cent who have been in the United States from five to nine years, being able to read, while 94.1 per cent who have been here from five to nine years can read and write, as contrasted with 66.8 per cent of a period of residence under five years who are so reported. On the other hand, illiteracy prevails more extensively among the Magyar immigrants of a longer period of residence than among those who have been in the country only a few years, 87.5 per cent of the persons of this race who have been in the United States ten years or over, as compared with 89.7 per cent of a residence between five and nine years and 92 per cent of a residence under five years, being able to read and write. The higher proportion of literacy among those of a short residence is probably due to the presence of children in the households or to better schools during recent years in Hungary.

The following table shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who read and percentage of those who read and write:

TABLE 625.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

All of the Magyars, as can be seen from the table above, who were under 14 years of age when they came to this country are now able to read and write, as contrasted with 91.1 per cent who can read and write at the present time and who were 14 years of age or over when they arrived in the United States. The Bulgarians who were under 14 years of age when they came to this country are not shown in sufficient numbers, for the computation of percentages; but of those who were 14 years of age or over when they immigrated 67.8 per cent can read and 67.6 per cent can read and write.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The following table shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in the households studied in each conjugal condition:

TABLE 626.—Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all races.]

Upon referring to the totals in the foregoing table it is seen that 77.1 per cent of the Bulgarian males who are 20 years of age or over, together with 68.8 per cent of the Magyar males and all of the Magyar females, are married. Twenty-nine and nine-tenths per cent of the Magyar males who are 20 years of age or older, as contrasted with 22.3 per cent of the Bulgarians, are single. Of the Bulgarian males between 20 and 29 years of age, 33.9 per cent are unmarried, together with 59.2 per cent of the Magyar males; but among those between 30 and 44 years of age only 1.9 per cent of the Bulgarians and 1.4 per cent of the Magyars are single, while none of the Bulgarians who are 45 years of age or over are unmarried, and only 8.3 per cent of the Magyars.

VISITS ABROAD.

Among the Bulgarians, Roumanians, and Servians the tendency to move from one place to another is very strong. This tendency grows largely out of the economic motive, the desire to secure more profitable work, but aside from this there also seems to be a desire among these races to seek change of work and environment. In satisfying this inclination to change, a large part of their savings are lost in paying transportation and fees of labor agents.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The table next presented shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of persons, in the households studied, within each age group:

TABLE 627.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of the total number of foreign-born persons studied in the community, it is seen from the preceding table that 89.5 per cent of the Bulgarians are from 20 to 44 years of age, the largest proportion being from 20 to 29 years old. The Bulgarians have practically no children in the households studied and very few persons over 45 years of age. On the other hand, although 68.9 per cent of the Magyars are between the ages of 20 and 44 years, and the largest percentage, as in the case of the Bulgarians, are 20 to 29 years of age, the households of this race, in contrast to the Bulgarians, show

10.5 per cent of children under 6 years of age and 3.6 per cent from 6 to 13 years old. The Magyars also have a larger proportion of persons who are more than 45 years old. As regards the males, the largest proportions both of the Bulgarians and Magyars are 20 to 29 years of age, the next highest percentage shown by the households of each race being between 30 and 34 years old. The Magyars, in contrast with the Bulgarians, also show a considerable proportion of males under 6 years of age and a small proportion between the ages of 6 and 13 years. Of the 6 Bulgarian females 4 are between the ages of 30 and 44 years, while the remaining 2 are under 6 years of age. On the other hand, 16.4 per cent of the Magyar females are between 16 and 19 years old, 37 per cent between 20 and 29 years, and 19.2 per cent between 30 and 44 years old; 17.8 per cent of the Magyar females are also under 6 years of age.

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