Commercial Communications Satellites: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Applications and Tracking and Data Acquisition of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U. S. House of Representatives, Eighty-seventh Congress, Second Session ...United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Applications and Tracking and Data Acquisition U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962 - 182 lappuses Committee Serial No. 16. Considers civilian and military applications of various communications satellite systems, including proposed Syncom synchronous orbit satellite, and operational Telstar satellite, |
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active ADLER Administrative Radio Conference antenna gain apogee Atlas-Agena beamwidth BOONE capability CCIR CCITT Chairman channels chart Colonel PEACOCK committee communica communications satellite communications satellite system CONGRESS THE LIBRARY cost coverage DAVIS DICKIESON earth satellites Echo echo suppressors economic electronic equatorial orbit EVANS facilities flight FUBINI FULTON global going ground stations HECHLER Hughes Aircraft Co indicating interference beamwidth JAFFE KARTH Ken Hechler latitude launch LIBRARY OF CONGRESS medium altitude satellite medium altitude system microwave miles military MURPHY NASA nations operational system orbit systems passive satellite percent problem question radiation reflector Relay reliability satel solar cells space telecommunication space vehicles spacecraft stationary orbit stationary satellite stationary system study group subcommittee synchronous orbit synchronous satellite synchronous system Syncom Mark talking technical telephone television Telstar terminals tion tracking transponder WAGGONNER
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163. lappuse - ITU has four permanent organs: the General Secretariat, the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB), the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR), and the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).
138. lappuse - Believing that communication by means of satellites should be available to the nations of the world as soon as practicable on a global and non-discriminatory basis, "Convinced of the need to prepare the way for the establishment of effective operational satellite communication, "1.
78. lappuse - Canaveral, we can launch directly only into an inclined orbit, as a launch into an equatorial orbit would require an extra velocity impulse at an angle to the original direction of motion. This is one of the constraints resulting from limited vehicle performance which we must accept at this time. When the satellite is separated from the lower stages of the Delta launch vehicle, it is spun about its axis and so it is rotating much as a gyroscope would rotate as it comes up to altitude. The gyroscopic...
63. lappuse - ... between the terminal stations. A realistic appraisal indicates that unless fairly complex provisions are included for controlling the position of the individual satellite in its orbit, it must be expected that the satellites will come after a period of time to an essentially random set of spacings. Estimates of the number of satellites required for substantially continuous service between terminal points are, therefore, generally made on the assumption that the satellites are distributed in a...
63. lappuse - The passive, or reflector, satellite does not carry with it any power supply, receiver, or transmitter. It is in effect a radio mirror in the sky, and it is used simply to reflect the radio energy from one terminal of the communications satellite system to another. Active repeaters draw their name from the fact that they carry receivers, transmitters, and sufficient power supply so that the message to be transmitted is received, amplified, and retransmitted to the far terminal. By low or intermediate...
78. lappuse - The gyroscopic effect holds the axis of the satellite in the attitude at which it was separated from the Delta booster, so that when, through either ground control or by proper timing, the apogee rocket is fired, the satellite will be injected into a circular orbit. At this time the attitude control jet in the end of the satellite can be actuated by ground control to provide a force to turn the satellite. The result of this operation is indicated in this view.
66. lappuse - ... if not provided with stabilization, very often would not face in the proper direction. As a result, the reflecting area that the antenna on the ground would see would often be very small, just as if you were looking at a shallow bowl, edge on, and it would not be possible to establish an effective transmission path. Therefore, to use the spherical segment, it is necessary that we add a stabilization device, which will hold the reflecting face toward the earth. Studies of the...
64. lappuse - ... to have three units up to provide for basic worldwide coverage. At this altitude a satellite will continuously see one-third or more of the earth's surface. Consequently, if we can put a satellite up at such a longitude that it is visible to both America and Europe, continuous communications can take place between the two continents through just a single satellite. Similarly, the establishment of another satellite further to the west, will permit us to establish communications between the American...
65. lappuse - Having discussed some of the reasons for the different orbital configurations proposed for communications satellites, let me now review the satellites themselves. Basically, the simplest of all the communications satellite techniques is the passive reflector - the radio mirror in the sky. The passive reflector can take many forms and over the years a number of specific configurations have been suggested. At the present time NASA is investigating four of these configurations, as they appear to have...
69. lappuse - ... the Cape. Accordingly, we made provision for the installation in the Thor vehicle of a television observation system and a camera observation system. Both of these devices record continuously as the canister is ejected and opened and as the sphere inflates. The chart indicates that observations from the Thor vehicle continue as the sphere rapidly reaches full inflation and then follows a ballistic trajectory to a peak altitude of 950 miles and then drops back to the terminal atmospheric reentry....