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memoranda to be kept by carriers subject to this Act, including the accounts, records, and memoranda of the movement of traffic, as well as of the receipts and expenditures of moneys.

(b) The Commission shall, as soon as practicable, prescribe for such carriers the classes of property for which depreciation charges may be properly included under operating expenses, and the percentages of depreciation which shall be charged with respect to each of such classes of property, classifying the carriers as it may deem proper for this purpose. The Commission may, when it deems necessary, modify the classes and percentages so prescribed. Such carriers shall not, after the Commission has prescribed the classes 57A of property for which depreciation charges may be included, charge to operating expenses any depreciation charges on classes of property other than those prescribed by the Commission, or, after the Commission has prescribed percentages of depreciation, charge with respect to any class of property a percentage of depreciation other than that prescribed therefor by the Commission. No such carrier shall in any case include in any form under its operating or other expenses any depreciation or other charge or expenditure included elsewhere as a depreciation charge or otherwise under its operating or other expenses.

(c) The Commission shall at all times have access to and the right of inspection and examination of all accounts, records, and memoranda, including all documents, papers, and correspondence now or hereafter existing, and kept or required to be kept by such carriers, and the provisions of this section respecting the preservation and destruction of books, papers, and documents shall apply thereto. The burden of proof to justify every accounting entry questioned by the Commission shall be on the person making, authorizing, or requiring such entry and the Commission may suspend a charge or credit pending submission of proof by such person. Any provision of law prohibiting the disclosure of the contents of messages or communications shall not be deemed to prohibit the disclosure of any matter in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(d) In case of failure or refusal on the part of any such carrier to keep such accounts, records, and memoranda on the books and in the manner prescribed by the Commission, or to submit such accounts, records, memoranda, documents, papers, and correspondence as are kept to the inspection of the Commission or any of its authorized agents, such carrier shall forfeit to the United States the sum of $500 for each day of the continuance of each such offense.

(e) Any person who shall willfully make any false entry in the accounts of any book of accounts or in any record or memoranda kept by any such carrier, or who shall willfully destroy, mutilate, alter, or by any other means or device falsify any such account, record, or memoranda, or who shall willfully neglect or fail to

(b) The Commission shall submit a report to each House of the Congress not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act. Such report shall include a summary of actions taken by the Commission in connection with the rulemaking proceeding specified in subsection (a), together with such other information as the Commission consider appropriate.

57A So in original.

make full, true, and correct entries in such accounts, records, or memoranda of all facts and transactions appertaining to the business of the carrier, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be subject, upon conviction, to a fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000 or imprisonment for a term of not less than one year nor more than three years, or both such fine and imprisonment: Provided, That the Commission may in its descretion issue orders specifying such operating, accounting, or financial papers, records, books, blanks, or documents which may, after a reasonable time, be destroyed, and prescribing the length of time such books, papers, or documents shall be preserved.

(f) No member, officer, or employee of the Commission shall divulge any fact or information which may come to his knowledge during the course of examination of books or other accounts, as hereinbefore provided, except insofar as he may be directed by the Commission or by a court.

(g) After the Commission has prescribed the forms and manner of keeping of accounts, records, or memoranda to be kept by any person as herein provided, it shall be unlawful for such person to keep any other accounts, records, or memoranda than those so prescribed or such as may be approved by the Commission or to keep the accounts in any other manner than that prescribed or approved by the Commission. Notice of alterations by the Commission in the required manner or form of keeping accounts shall be given to such persons by the Commission at least six months before the same are to take effect.

(h) The Commission may classify carriers subject to this Act and prescribe different requirements under this section for different classes of carriers, and may, if it deems such action consistent with the public interest, except the carriers of any particular class or classes in any State from any of the requirements under this section in cases where such carriers are subject to State commission regulation with respect to matters to which this section relates.

(i) The Commission, before prescribing any requirements as to accounts, records, or memoranda, shall notify each State commission having jurisdiction with respect to any carrier involved, and shall give reasonabale opportunity to each such commission to present its views, and shall receive and consider such views and recommendations.

(j) The Commission shall investigate and report to Congress as to the need for legislation to define further or harmonize the powers of the Commission and of State commissions with respect to matters to which this section relates.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TELEPHONE COMPANIES

SEC. 221. [47 U.S.C. 221] (a) Upon application of one or more telephone companies for authority to consolidate their properties or a part thereof into a single company, or for authority for one or more such companies to acquire the whole or any part of the property of another telephone company or other telephone companies or the control thereof by the purchase of securities or by lease or in any other like manner, when such consolidated company would be subject to this Act, the Commission shall give reasonable notice in

writing to the Governor of each of the States in which the physical property affected, or any part thereof, is situated, and to the State commission having jurisdiction over telephone companies, and to such other persons as it may deem advisable, and shall afford such parties a reasonable opportunity to submit comments on the proposal. A public hearing shall be held in all cases where a request therefor is made by a telephone company, an association of telephone companies, a State commission, or local governmental authority. If the Commission finds that the proposed consolidation, acquisition, or control will be of advantage to the persons to whom service is to be rendered and in the public interest, it shall certify to that effect; and thereupon any Act or Acts of Congress making the proposed transaction unlawful shall not apply. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as in anywise limiting or restricting the powers of the several States to control and regulate telephone companies. 58

(b) 59 Subject to the provisions of section 301, nothing in this Act shall be construced to apply, or to give the Commission jurisdiction, with respect to charges, classifications, practices, services, facilities, or regulations for or in connection with wire, mobile, or point-topoint radio telephone exchange service, or any combination thereof even though a portion of such exchange service constitutes interstate or foreign communication, in any case where such matters are subject to regulation by a State commission or by local governmental authority.

(c) For the purpose of administering this Act as to carriers engaged in wire telephone communication, the Commission may classify the property of any such carrier used for wire telephone communication, and determine what property of said carrier shall be considered as used in interstate or foreign telephone toll service. Such classification shall be made after hearing, upon notice to the carrier, the State commission (or the Governor, if the State has no State commission) of any State in which the property of said carrier is located, and such other persons as the commission may prescribe.

58 Subsection (a) was amended to read as above by Public No. 914, 84th Congress, 2d Sess., approved Aug. 2, 1956, 70 Stat. 931. This subsection formerly read as follows:

SEC. 221. (a) Upon application of one or more telephone companies for authority to consolidate their properties or a part thereof into a single company, or for authority for one or more such companies to acquire the whole or any part of the property of another telephone company or other telephone companies or the control thereof by the purchase of securities or by lease or in any other like manner, when such consolidated company would be subject to this Act, the Commission shall fix a time and place for a public hearing upon such application and shall thereupon give reasonable notice in writing to the Governor of each of the States in which the physical property affected, or any part therof, is situated, and to the State commission having jurisdiction over telephone companies, and to such other persons as it may deem advisable. After such public hearing, if the Commission finds that the proposed consolidation, acquisition, or control will be of advantage to the persons to whom service is to be rendered and in the public interest, it shall certify to that effect; and thereupon any Act or Acts of Congress making the proposed transaction unlawful shall not apply. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as in anywise limiting or restricting the powers of the several States to control and regulate telephone companies.

59 Section 221(b) was amended to read as above by Public No. 345, 83d Congress, 2d Session, approved April 27, 1954, 68 Stat. 64. This subsection formerly read as follows:

(b) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to apply, or to give the Commission jurisdiction, with respect to charges, classifications, practices, services, facilities, or regualtions for or in connection with wire telephone exchange service, even though a portion of such exchange service constitutes interstate or foreign communication, in any case where such matters are subject to regulation by a State commission or by local government authority.

(d) In making a valuation of the property of any wire telephone carrier the Commission, after making the classification authorized in this section, may in its discretion value only that part of the property of such carrier determined to be used in interstate or foreign telephone toll service.

COMPETITION AMONG RECORD CARRIERS

60

SEC. 222. [47 U.S.C. 222] 6o (a) For purposes of this section:

(1) The term "primary existing international record carrier" means any record carrier which (A) derives a majority of its revenues during any calendar year from the provision of international record communications services between points of entry into or exit from the United States and points outside the United States; (B) is eligible, on the date of the enactment of the Record Carrier Competition Act of 1981, to obtain record traffic from a record carrier in the United States for delivery outside the United States; and (C) is engaged in the direct provision of record communications services between the United States and four or more continents.

(2) The term "record carrier" means a common carrier engaged in the offering for hire of any record communications service, including service on interstate network facilities between two points located in the same State. Such term does not include any common carrier which derives a majority of its revenues during any calendar year from the provision of services other than record communications service.

(3) The term "record communications service" means those services traditionally offered by telegraph companies, such as telegraph, telegram, telegram exchange, and similar services involving an interconnected network of teletypewriters. (b)(1) The Commission shall, to the maximum extent feasible, promote the development of fully competitive domestic and international markets in the provision of record communications service, so that the public may obtain record communications service and facilities (including terminal equipment) the variety and price

60 Section 222 was amended to read as above by Public Law 97-130, 95 Stat. 1687-90, Dec. 29, 1981. Public Law 97-130 also included the following provisions:

COMMISSION OVERSIGHT OF DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS

SEC. 3. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b), the Federal Communications Commission shall exercise its authority under the Communications Act of 1934 to continue its oversight of the establishment of just and reasonable distribution formulas for unrouted outbound telegraph traffic and the allocation of revenues with respect to such traffic, consistent with the purposes of section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended in section 2 [which amended section 222]. (b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall cease to have any force or effect at the end of the 1year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.

EFFECT OF AMENDMENT UPON CERTAIN CONTRACTS

SEC. 4. The amendment made in section 2 [which amended section 222] shall not affect the validity of the terms of any otherwise lawful contract relating to the distribution of outbound international record traffic between any domestic record carrier and any international record carrier if such contract was entered into before June 23, 1981.

The former section 222 was added by Public No. 4, 78th Congress, 1st Sess., approved March 6, 1943, 57 Stat. 5. The former subsection 222(a) (10), which defined "Continental United States," was amended by Public Law 86-624, 74 Stat. 411, approved July 12, 1960, and by Public Law 96590, 94 Stat. 3414, Dec. 24, 1980. Also, the former subsection 222(g) was added by Public Law 96590, 94 Stat. 3414, Dec. 24, 1980.

of which are governed by competition. In order to meet the purposes of this section, the Commission shall forbear from exercising its authority under this Act as the development of competition among record carriers reduces the degree of regulation necessary to protect the public.

(2) In furtherance of the purposes of this section, record carriers shall not impose upon users of any regulated record communications services the costs of any other services or facilities (including terminal equipment), whether regulated or unregulated.

(cX1XAX(i) In implementing its responsibilities under section 201(a), the Commission shall require each record carrier to make available to any other record carrier, upon reasonable request, full interconnection with any facility operated by such record carrier, and used primarily to provide record communications service. Such facility shall be made available, through written agreement, upon terms and conditions which are just, fair, and reasonable, and which are otherwise consistent with the purposes of this section.

(ii)(I) Subject to the provisions of subclause (II), if a request for interconnection under clause (i) is for the purpose of providing international record communications service, then the agreement entered into under clause (i) shall require that the allocation of record communications service between points outside the United States and points of entry in the United States shall be based upon a pro rata share of record communications service between points of exit out of the United States and points outside the United States provided by the carrier making such request for interconnection.

(II) The requirement established in subclause (I) shall not apply in any case in which the customer requesting any record communications service between a point outside the United States and a point of entry in the United States has the option to specify the international record carrier which will provide such record communications service.

(B) The Commission shall require that

(i) if any record carrier engages both in the offering for hire of domestic record communications services and in the offering for hire of international record communications services, then such record carrier shall be treated as a separate domestic record carrier and a separate international record carrier for purposes of administering interconnection requirements;

(ii) in any case in which such separate domestic record carrier furnishes interconnection to such separate international record carrier, any interconnection which such separate domestic record carrier furnishes to other international record carriers shall be (I) equal in type and quality; and (II) made available at the same rates and upon the same terms and conditions; and

(iii) in any case in which such separate international record carrier furnishes interconnection to such separate domestic record carrier, any interconnection which such separate international record carrier furnishes to other domestic record carriers shall be (I) equal in type and quality; and (II) made avail

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