The Threat of Force in International LawCambridge University Press, 2007. gada 19. jūl. Threats of force are a common feature of international politics, advocated by some as an economical guarantee against the outbreak of war and condemned by others as a recipe for war. Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter forbids states to use threats of force, yet the meaning of the prohibition is unclear. This book provides the first comprehensive appraisal of the no-threat principle: its origin, underlying rationale, theoretical implications, relevant jurisprudence, and how it has withstood the test of time from 1945 to the present. Based on a systematic evaluation of state and United Nations practices, the book identifies what constitutes a threat of force and when its use is justified under the United Nations Charter. In so doing, it relates the no-threat principle to important concepts of the twentieth century, such as deterrence, escalation, crisis management, and what has been aptly described as the 'diplomacy of violence'. |
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7th fleet Aegean Sea Afghanistan air strikes aircraft Angola announced Argentina army Beagle Channel Belize blockade bomb CB 2 CB CB 2 Table claim clashes cont Crisis Duration Events Croatia Cuba Cyprus demanded deployed troops dispatched Egypt escalated fighter force on alert France Georgia Gulf of Sidra Honduras ICB Crisis Duration independence India and Pakistan intervene invasion Iran Iran's Iranian Iraq Iraq's Iraqi islands Israel Israeli planes issued an ultimatum jets Jordan Kashmir Kuwait Lebanon Libya military action military build-up military exercises military manoeuvres mobilisation Myanmar naval manoeuvres Nicaragua no-fly zones North Korea nuclear weapons offensive Operation Pakistan Pathet Lao poplar tree Protracted conflicts Quemoy regime retaliation Security Council ship South Soviet submarine Suez Syria Taiwan Strait terrorist Thailand threatened military triggered a crisis troop build-up troop concentrations troop movements Tunisia Turkish Type PR CB UNSCOM USA responded USSR Vietnam warned warships Yugoslavia Zaire