ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, SIR: The appropriations made directly for the work of the Geological Survey for the fiscal year 1929 included 14 items, amounting to $2,135,609. In addition $120,000 was appropriated for printing and binding for the Geological Survey, and an allotment of $14,765 for miscellaneous supplies was made from appropriations for the Interior Department. A detailed statement of the amounts appropriated and expended is given at the end of this report. The balance on July 31 was $28.165. The total amount of funds made available for disbursement by the Geological Survey, together with State funds directly disbursed for work administered by the Federal officials, was $3,875,332. FIFTY YEARS OF SERVICE The United States Geological Survey was created by act of Congress approved March 3, 1879. It was the successor of four Federal organizations that had been making topographic, geologic, and other scientific and economic surveys in the territory west of the one hundredth meridian, under the leadership of Clarence King, F. V. Hayden, G. M. Wheeler, and J. W. Powell. On March 21, 1879, President Hayes appointed Clarence King the first Director of the United States Geological Survey. In the half century that has passed since that time the Geological Survey has grown in stature, widened its field of endeavor, and increased its usefulness, but it has not grown old. Its outstanding characteristic, which has tinged all its work and been its chief asset, is the fact that it is primarily a field service-its men have traveled far and wide and know by intimate contact the country that the organization serves. Through these 50 years thousands of young men have come under that broadening influence. The far-reaching outlook of specialized public service that is possessed by many men in high position in this country is a by-product of the United States Geological Survey. During this half century the Federal funds made available annually for the work of the Geological Survey have increased from $100,000 to more than $2,000,000. The total expenditures for the 50 years have been $75,000,000, of which nearly $10,0000,000 has been contributed by States for cooperative work. Most of the work on which these millions have been expended may be described by the simple term "fact finding." The Geological Survey has been continuously engaged in research-in bringing to light facts that have been of essential importance in the marvelous development of our country since 1879. When the Geological Survey made its first census of mineral production, the treasure house of the country had hardly been opened; since then the mineral industry has increased fifteenfold. The research work of the Geological Survey has not been confined to investigations whose immediate economic value is self-evident. Realizing that the pure science of to-day becomes the applied science of to-morrow, it has neglected no phase of the study of the earth. Its methods of work and the men it has trained have powerfully shaped the course of development of the science of geology. The topographic maps that have been necessary to provide an accurate base upon which to represent the facts ascertained by the geologic work have now attained so high a degree of exactness that they are sought for themselves alone by all classes of the peoplefrom engineer to vacation tourist. The investigations of water, our greatest mineral resource, have thrown light on the complex problems of public water supply, inland navigation, flood prevention, reclamation by both drainage and irrigation, and the development of power. The activities of the Geological Survey in respect to the vast mineral estate comprised in the public land, of which nearly 200,000,000 acres still remains unappropriated, have been based on the practical policy of planning for its future use without waste of the resources and for the intelligent distribution of that use as to time-between our day and our children's day. Not the least of the accomplishments of the Geological Survey during its first half century has been its service as the mother of other organizations that are playing essential parts in the study of our country and the development of its resources. The work that is being done by the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Bureau of Mines, and the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution had its beginnings in the Geological Survey. The publications by which the results of the multiform investigations of the Geological Survey have been made available in permanent form now comprise more than 400,000 printed pages and occupy 120 feet of shelf room-twenty-four "5-foot shelves" of recorded facts and conclusions concerning the unequaled natural resources of the United States. PUBLICATIONS OF THE YEAR The following publications were issued during the fiscal year 1929: ANNUAL REPORT Forty-ninth Annual Report of the Director of the Geological Survey. PROFESSIONAL PAPERS 144. The copper deposits of Michigan, by B. S. Butler and W. S. Burbank, in collaboration with T. M. Broderick, L. C. Graton, C. D. Hohl, Charles Palache, M. J. Scholz, Alfred Wandke, and R. C. Wells. 150. Shorter contributions to general geology, 1927. 153. Studies of Basin Range structure, by G. K. Gilbert. 154-B. The fauna of the middle Boone near Batesville, Ark., by G. H. Girty. 154-C. Salinity of the water of Chesapeake Bay, by R. C. Wells, R. K. Bailey, and E. P. Henderson. 154-D. Origin of the siliceous Mowry shale of the Black Hills region, by W. W. Rubey. 154-E. Oil shale in a producing oil field in California, by H. W. Hoots. 154-F. Water-laid volcanic rocks of early Upper Cretaceous age in southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas, by C. S. Ross, H. D. Miser, and L. W. Stephenson. 154-G. Algae reefs and oolites of the Green River formation, by W. H. Bradley. 154-H. A revision of the flora of the Latah formation, by E. W. Berry. 154-I. Exogyra olisiponensis Sharpe and Exogyra costata Say in the Cretaceous of the Western Interior, by J. B. Reeside, jr. 154-J. Additions to the flora of the Green River formation, by R. W. Brown. 157. The Mother Lode system of California, by Adolph Knopf. 158-A. The occurrence and origin of analcite and meerschaum beds in the Green River formation of Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming, by W. H. Bradley. BULLETINS 775. Geology and lignite resources of the Marmarth field, southwestern North Dakota, by C. J. Hares. 788. Topographic instructions of the United States Geological Survey. 794. "Red Beds" and associated formations in New Mexico, with an outline of the geology of the State, by N. H. Darton. 797-B. The Skwentna region, Alaska, by S. R. Capps. 797-C. Preliminary report on the Sheenjek River district, Alaska, by J. B. Mertie, jr. 797-D. Surveys in northwestern Alaska in 1926, by P. S. Smith. 797-E. Aerial photographic surveys in southeastern Alaska, by R. H. Sargent and F. H. Moffit. 797-F. Geology and mineral resources of the Aniakchak district, Alaska, by R. S. Knappen. 798. Geology of the Muddy Mountains, Nev., with a section through the Virgin Range to the Grand Wash Cliffs, Ariz., by C. R. Longwell. 801. Geology and water resources of the Edgeley and La Moure quadrangles, N. Dak., by H. A. Hard. 802. Bibliography of North American geology, 1925 and 1926, by J. M. Nickles. 803. Geography, geology, and mineral resources of the Portneuf quadrangle, Idaho, by G. R. Mansfield. 804. Geology and coal and oil resources of the Hanna and Carbon Basins, Carbon County, Wyo., by C. E. Dobbin, C. F. Bowen, and H. W. Hoots. 805. Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1928, Part I, Metals and nonmetals except fuels. 805-A. Platinum and black sand in Washington, by J. T. Pardee. 805-B. Deposits of vermiculite and other minerals in the Rainy Creek district, near Libby, Mont., by J. T. Pardee and E. S. Larsen. 806-A. The Pumpkin Buttes coal field, Wyo., by C. H. Wegeman, R. W. Howell, and C. E. Dobbin. 806-B. The northward extension of the Sheridan coal field, Big Horn and Rosebud Counties, Mont., by A. A. Baker. 806-C. Geology and oil and gas prospects of part of the San Rafael Swell, Utah, by James Gilluly. 806-D. Geology of the Rock Creek oil field and adjacent areas, Carbon and Albany Counties, Wyo., by C. E. Dobbin, H. W. Hoots, C. H. Dane, and E. T. Hancock 806-E. Thrust faulting and oil possibilities in the plains adjacent to the Highwood Mountains, Mont., by Frank Reeves. 807. Geology of Hyder and vicinity, southeastern Alaska, with a reconnaissance of Chickamin River, by A. F. Buddington. 810-A. Mineral industry of Alaska in 1927 and administrative report, by P. S. Smith [with selected list of Geological Survey publications on Alaska]. WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS 540. Ground water in the New Haven area, Conn., by J. S. Brown. 571. Surface water supply of the United States, 1923, Part XI, Pacific slope slope basins in California. 581. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part I, North Atlantic slope drainage basins. 582. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part II, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. 586. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part VI, Missouri River Basin. 588. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins. 589. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part IX, Colorado River Basin. 590. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part X, The Great Basin. 591. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part XI, Pacific slope basins in California. 593. Surface water supply of the United States, 1924, Part XII, North Pacific slope drainage basins: B, Snake River Basin. 594. Surface water supply of the United States, Part XII, North Pacific slope drainage basins: C, Lower Columbia River Basin and Pacific slope drainage basins in Oregon. 595. Surface water supply of Hawaii, July 1, 1923, to June 30, 1924. 596. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1927. 597-A. Geology of reservoir and dam sites, with a report on the Owyhee irrigation project, Oreg., by Kirk Bryan. 597-B. A study of ground water in the Pomperaug Basin, Conn., with special reference to intake and discharge, by O. E. Meinzer and N. D. Stearns. 597-C. Problems of the soft-water supply of the Dakota sandstone, with special reference to the conditions at Canton, S. Dak., by O. E. Meinzer. 597-D. Geology and water resources of the upper McKenzie Valley, Oreg., by H. T. Stearns. 597-E. Surface water supply of the Sacramento River Basin, Calif., 1895–1927, by H. D. McGlashan. 611. Surface water supply of the United States, 1925, Part XI, Pacific slope basins in California. 612. Surface water supply of the United States, 1925, Part XII, North Pacific slope drainage basins: A, Pacific basins in Washington and upper Columbia River Basin. 636-A. Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928, by C. S. Howard. Geologic map of New Mexico. GEOLOGIC ATLAS TOPOGRAPHIC AND OTHER MAPS [The figures in parentheses indicate limiting parallels and meridians of the areas covered] Alabama: Samantha (33° 15'-33° 30′; 87° 30′-87° 45′). State, scale 1: 500,000. California (see also Arizona-California): Corcoran (36°-36° 7' 30''; 119° 30′-119° 37' 30''). Eden Valley (39° 30'-39° 45'; 123°-123° 15′). Glendale (34° 6'-34° 12'; 118° 12′-118° 18'). Guernsey (36° 7′ 30′′-36° 15': 119° 37' 30"-119° 45'). |