During the year the power plant was remodeled and a 300-horsepower steam boiler installed and put in operation. Additional space for coal storage was provided and new refrigeration installed in the main kitchen, and approximately 600 square yards of old asphalt roadway was replaced by new asphalt.

On commencement day 1 honorary degree, 4 degrees of master of arts in the course of the normal department, 2 certificates of graduation from that department, 3 degrees of bachelor of science, and 8 degrees of bachelor of arts were conferred.

The cash on hand on July 1, 1928, was $534.45; the receipts during the year were $169,332.83, or a grand total of $169,867.28. The total expenditures during the year were $167,135.57, leaving a balance on hand June 30, 1929, of $731.71.

EXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES

AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES

The act of June 8, 1906, entitled "An act for the preservation of American antiquities," provides, among other things:

SEC. 3. That permits for the examination of ruins, the excavation of archeological sites, and the gathering of objects of antiquity upon the lands under their respective jurisdiction may be granted by the Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and War to institutions which they may deem properly qualified to conduct such examination, excavation, or gathering, subject to such rules and regulations as they may prescribe: Provided, That the examinations, excavations and gatherings are undertaken for the benefit of reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other recognized scientific or educational institutions, with a view to increasing the knowledge of such objects, and that the gatherings shall be made for permanent preservation in public museums.

SEC. 4. That the secretaries of the departments aforesaid shall make and publish from time to time uniform rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act.

Archeological explorations.-The uniform rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture, and War, pursuant to the above-mentioned act, under date of December 28, 1906, provides (par. 3) that

Permits for the excavation of ruins, the excavation of archeological sites, and the gathering of objects of antiquity will be granted by the respective secretaries having jurisdiction to reputable museums, universities, colleges, or other recognized scientific or educational institutions, or to their duly authorized agents.

Under the provisions of the above act, the department archeologist, Mr. Jesse L. Nusbaum, who is also superintendent of the Mesa Verde National Park, renders advisory service to all branches of the department, as well as to scientific and educational institutions contemplating archeological investigation upon the public domain under the jurisdiction of the department. This official is also engaged in developing methods for the better protection of the many archeological sites located mainly throughout the Southwest; the prevention of unlawful excavation of these sites; the orderly conduct of work authorized by department permits, and the proper publication of the scientific information derived therefrom.

Permits granted.-During the year 16 permits were granted for the examination, excavation, and gathering of specimens, as follows: July 27, 1928, Dr. Byron Cummings, president, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., was granted an extension for one year of

prior permit to conduct an archæological reconnaissance and excavate in the San Juan drainage and on the Gila drainage on the San Carlos Reservation, Ariz., including permission to excavate a small pueblo ruin in township 21, section 34, 72 miles east of Flagstaff, Ariz.

July 31, 1928, permission was granted the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York City, to conduct minor final excavations at the ruins of Hawikuk, on the Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico, in completion of work inaugurated under the department permit of 1923.

August 1, 1928, the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., was authorized to conduct, under the supervision of its representative, Mr. Earl H. Morris, a reconnaissance in the Hopi Indian Reservation, Ariz., south of the thirty-sixth parallel, and extending eastward from the west boundary of Navajo County to the Keams Canyon Agency; also to excavate and collect specimens in the ruins of Kawaikuh, 7 miles from Jeddito.

September 28, 1928, President George Thomas, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, was authorized to excavate two small burial mounds in Ute Canyon, 12 miles southwest of Blanding, Utah, under the direction of the department of anthropology of that university. However, unlicensed pothunters, probably of the adjacent region, completely destroyed these two sites, from a scientific standpoint, prior to the arrival of the university expedition in October, 1928.

December 13, 1928, Mr. Harold S. Gladwin, the Medallion, Pasadena, Calif., was granted permission, June 30, 1929, to make surface collections of potsherds on ruins, rubbish mounds, etc., without excavation, on the public lands under the jurisdiction of the Interior Department in the southwestern section of the United States, except on Indian reservations.

January 19, 1929, Mr. M. R. Harrington, director of research, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, Calif., was authorized to conduct, during 1929, an archæological reconnaissance on behalf of the Southwest Museum on such lands as are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Interior in Nye, Clark, and Lincoln Counties, Nev., and San Bernardino County, Calif., for the purpose of tracing the western limits of the pueblo and basket-maker culture areas and their relations with the cultures of California.

February 21, 1929, Dr. C. G. Abbot, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., was granted permission on behalf of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and the Smithsonian Institution, to jointly conduct paleontological excavations within certain areas of Dona Ana County, N. Mex., during the year 1929.

April 19, 1929, Dr. C. G. Abbot, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, was granted authority for Mr. C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate paleontology, National Museum, to conduct an archæological exploration, excavate, and collect paleontological material within the entire east half of the Navajo Reservation between the San Juan River on the north and the Chaco River on the south, during 1929.

April 20, 1929, Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, president, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C., was granted permission to conduct, during 1929, under the direction of Mr. Neil M. Judd, curator of archæology, United States National Museum, such archæological excavations as may be necessary, following certain superficial inspections, in 10 designated ruins in the Hopi, Navajo, and Fort Apache Indian Reservations, and Navajo County, Ariz., for the purpose of obtaining, if possible, charred fragments of beams or logs cut prior to 1260 A. D., to close the single remaining gap in the “tree ring" chronology now being erected by the University of Arizona.

May 10, 1929, Dr. Edgar L. Hewitt, director, School of American Research, Santa Fe, N. Mex., was authorized on behalf of the School of American Research and the University of New Mexico to jointly continue excavations at the ruin of Chettro Ketl, Chaco Canyon National Monument, San Juan County, N. Mex., for a period of three years, subject to certain restrictive conditions.

May 20, 1929, Edward Reynolds, M. D., director, Peabody Museum of American Archæology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., was granted permission during 1929 to conduct, under the direction of Mr. Henry B. Roberts, exploratory archæological investigations in southern Utah northwest of the Colorado River in the drainage of the Escalante, Fremont, Muddy, and Paria Rivers, including the adjacent corners of Sevier and Emery Counties, Utah; also in the drainage of the Green and Colorado Rivers in Emery and Grand Counties, Utah, and in the portion of San Juan County, Utah, northwest of the Colorado River.

May 31, 1929, the director, Royal Ontario Museum of Paleontology, Toronto, Canada, was granted permission to continue during 1929, the collection of vertebrate fossils in South Dakota and Wyoming commenced in 1928, and in addition to collect fossil specimens in Sioux and Dawes Counties, Nebr.

June 8, 1929, George H. Sherwood, director, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, was granted permission to conduct archæological reconnaissance in territory adjacent to Montezuma Creek and Grand Gulch, southeastern Utah, under supervision of Mr. Earle H. Morris of the seventh Bernheimer expedition of that institution.

June 25, 1929, Dr. Clark Wissler, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, was granted a renewal of previous permit to conduct during 1929, under the direction of Mr. Earle H. Morris, archæological excavations and remove specimens from ruins in that portion of the Navajo Reservation, New Mexico, bounded on the northeast by the San Juan River, on the east by the Chaco Valley, on the south by the Chioska and Tunicha Mountains, and on the northwest by a line due north and south just west of the Carrizo Mountains; including the ruins in the Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto.

June 26, 1929, Dr. George Norlin, president, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., was authorized to collect archæological specimens and conduct a reconnaissance during 1929 under the supervision of Mr. Earle H. Morris, within the area beginning at the La Plata River 2 miles north of the mouth of Cherry Creek, in La Plata County, Colo., due west to the Mancos River in Montezuma County, Colo., then southwestward along said river to the San Juan River, then along the San Juan River eastward to the mouth of the La Plata River and the point of beginning.

July 16, 1929, President C. C. O'Hara, South Dakota State School of Mines, Rapid City, S. Dak., was granted permission to collect fossil specimens on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, S. Dak., during the year 1929.

In submitting his report upon the work of the past year, the department archæologist states that recent important scientific discoveries in the southwestern portion of the United States have resulted in renewed activity in this field, as reflected in the increased number of applications filed for archæological permits by various institutions of the country. He adds that this growing interest points to a still greater number of applications for the coming year. Attention is called, however, to the corresponding increase in motor travel, which is annually bringing to the Southwest thousands of visitors and curio hunters, who have in the past carelessly or wantonly committed acts of vandalism, and from a scientific standpoint have destroyed many valuable ruins. In order to correct this condition he makes the following recommendations:

That efforts be made to educate the public to a proper appreciation of the value of scientific investigation by qualified institutions as contrasted with the destructive work of the curio seeker and vandal.

That all field employees, particularly in the Southwest, be made familiar with the "Act for the protection of American antiquities," and impressed with the importance of strictly enforcing this act and the prompt reporting to proper authorities of any violations thereof. That Government field heads be authorized to arrest persons who appropriate, excavate, injure or destroy prehistoric ruins or monu