Turings Connectionism: An Investigation of Neural Network ArchitecturesAlan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) was the first to carry out substantial re search in the field now known as Artificial Intelligence (AI). He was thinking about machine intelligence at least as early as 1941 and during the war cir culated a typewritten paper on machine intelligence among his colleagues at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC & CS), Bletchley Park. Now lost, this was undoubtedly the earliest paper in the field of AI. It probably concerned machine learning and heuristic problem-solving; both were topics that Turing discussed extensively during the war years at GC & CS, as was mechanical chess [121]. In 1945, the war in Europe over, Turing was recruited by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL)! in London, his brief to design and develop an electronic stored-program digital computer-a concrete form of the universal Turing machine of 1936 [185]. Turing's technical report "Proposed Electronic 2 Calculator" , dating from the end of 1945 and containing his design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), was the first relatively complete spec ification of an electronic stored-program digital computer [193,197]. (The document "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC", produced by John von Neumann and the Moore School group at the University of Pennsylvania in May 1945, contained little engineering detail, in particular concerning elec tronic hardware [202]. |
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Saturs
1 | |
Intelligent Machinery | 17 |
Synthesis of Logical Functions and Digital Systems with | 63 |
Organizing Unorganized Machines | 83 |
Network Properties and Characteristics 121 | 120 |
Epilogue | 169 |
List of Tables 181 | 180 |
Index | 197 |
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Turings Connectionism: An Investigation of Neural Network Architectures Christof Teuscher Ierobežota priekšskatīšana - 2002 |
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100-node A-type network A-type machine A-type network A-type node A-type unorganized machine artificial neural networks attractors B-type link behaviour binary bitstream boolean networks brain Church-Turing thesis clock cycles complex configuration connectionism connectionist Copeland and Proudfoot CP-type Definition Definition Definition delay described disabled dynamical systems enabled connections encoding evolution evolutionary algorithm example finite flip-flop function realized genetic algorithm hardware Hypercomputation IA and IB implementation incoming links initial node values input nodes inputs and outputs interconnection switches interfering inputs IA inverter L-system lin[t links per node lmat logical functions MATLAB monostable NAND gate network architecture network genome network nodes network output neurons output nodes parameters possible presented problem Proposition random boolean networks randomly Section self-organizing shift-register shown in Figure shows signal simple simulated stable std_logic tape TBl-type network threshold elements Turing networks Turing neural networks Turing's neural networks Two-input Typical activities universal Turing machine vector VHDL weights