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decedent, or by a person who acquired the right to exercise such option by bequest or inheritance or by reason of the death of the decedent, the provisions of this section shall apply to the same extent as if the option had been exercised by the decedent, except that

(i) the holding period and employment requirements of subsection (a) shall not apply, and

(ii) any transfer by the estate of stock acquired shall be considered a disposition of such stock for purposes of subsection (b). (B) DEDUCTION FOR ESTATE TAX.-If an amount is required to be included under subsection (b) in gross income of the estate of the deceased employee or of a person described in subparagraph (A), there shall be allowed to the estate or such person a deduction with respect to the estate tax attributable to the inclusion in the taxable estate of the deceased employee of the net value for estate tax purposes of the restricted stock option. For this purpose, the deduction shall be determined under section 691 (c) as if the option acquired from the deceased employee were an item of gross income in respect of the decedent under section 691 and as if the amount includible in gross income under subsection (b) of this section were an amount included in gross income under section 691 in respect of such item of gross income.

(C) BASIS OF SHARES ACQUIRED. In the case of a share of stock acquired by the exercise of an option to which subparagraph (A) applies

(i) the basis of such share shall include so much of the basis of the option as is attributable to such share; except that the basis of such share shall be reduced by the excess (if any) of the amount, which would have been includible in gross income under subsection (b) if the employee had exercised the option and held such share at the time of his death, over the amount which is includible in gross income under subsection (b); and

(ii) the last sentence of subsection (b) shall apply only to the extent that the amount includible in gross income under such subsection exceeds so much of the basis of the option as is attributable to such share.

(7) VARIABLE PRICE OPTION. The term "variable price option" means an option under which the purchase price of the stock is fixed or determinable under a formula in which the only variable is the fair market value of the stock at any time during a period of 6 months which includes the time the option is exercised; except that in the case of options granted after September 30, 1958, such term does not include any such option in which such formula provides for determining such price by reference to the fair market value of the stock at any time before the option is exercised if such value may be greater than the average fair market value of the stock during the calendar month in which the option is exercised. (e) MODIFICATION, EXTENSION, OR RENEWAL OF OPTION.-

(1) RULES OF APPLICATION. For purposes of subsection (d), if the terms of any option to purchase stock are modified, extended, or renewed, the following rules shall be applied with respect to

transfers of stock made on the exercise of the option after the making of such modification, extension, or renewal

(A) such modification, extension, or renewal shall be considered as the granting of a new option,

(B) the fair market value of such stock at the time of the granting of such option shall be considered as

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(i) the fair market value of such stock on the date of the original granting of the option,

(ii) the fair market value of such stock on the date of the making of such modification, extension, or renewal, or

(iii) the fair market value of such stock at the time of the making of any intervening modification, extension, or renewal, whichever is the highest. Subparagraph (B) shall not apply if the aggregate of the monthly average fair market values of the stock subject to the option for the 12 consecutive calendar months before the date of the modification, extension, or renewal, divided by 12, is an amount less than 80 percent of the fair market value of such stock on the date of the original granting of the option or the date of the making of any intervening modification, extension, or renewal, whichever is the highest.

(2) DEFINITION OF MODIFICATION.-The term "modification" means any change in the terms of the option which gives the employee additional benefits under the option, but such term shall not include a change in the terms of the option

(A) attributable to the issuance or assumption of an option under subsection (g); or

(B) to permit the option to qualify under subsection (d) (1) (B).

If an option is exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date such option is granted, subparagraph (B) shall not apply unless the terms of the option are also changed to make it not exercisable after the expiration of such period.

(f) EFFECT OF DISQUALIFYING DISPOSITION.-If a share of stock, acquired by an individual pursuant to his exercise of a restricted stock option, is disposed of by him within 2 years from the date of the granting of the option or within 6 months after the transfer of such share to him, then any increase in the income of such individual or deduction from the income of his employer corporation for the taxable year in which such exercise occurred attributable to such disposition, shall be treated as an increase in income or a deduction from income in the taxable year of such individual or of such employer corporation in which such disposition occurred.

(g) CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS, LIQUIDATIONS, ETC.-For purposes of this section, the term "issuing or assuming a stock option in a transaction to which subsection (g) is applicable" means a substitution of a new option for the old option, or an assumption of the old option, by an employer corporation, or a parent or subsidiary of such corporation, by reason of a corporate merger, consolidation, acquisition of property or stock, separation, reorganization, or liquidation, if

(1) the excess of the aggregate fair market value of the shares subject to the option immediately after the substitution or assumption over the aggregate option price of such shares is not more than

the excess of the aggregate fair market value of all shares subject to the option immediately before such substitution or assumption over the aggregate option price of such shares, and

(2) the new option or the assumption of the old option does not give the employee additional benefits which he did not have under the old option.

For purposes of this subsection, the parent-subsidiary relationship shall be determined at the time of any such transaction under this subsection.

Subchapter E-Accounting Periods and Methods of
Accounting

Part I. Accounting periods.
Part II. Methods of accounting.
Part III. Adjustments.

PART I-ACCOUNTING PERIODS

Sec. 441. Period for computation of taxable income.
Sec. 442. Change of annual accounting period.

Sec. 443. Returns for a period of less than 12 months.

SEC. 441. PERIOD FOR COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME.

(a) COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME.-Taxable income shall be computed on the basis of the taxpayer's taxable year.

(b) TAXABLE YEAR.-For purposes of this subtitle, the term "taxable year" means

(1) the taxpayer's annual accounting period, if it is a calendar year or a fiscal year;

(2) the calendar year, if subsection (g) applies; or

(3) the period for which the return is made, if a return is made for a period of less than 12 months.

(c) ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD. For purposes of this subtitle, the term "annual accounting period" means the annual period on the basis of which the taxpayer regularly computes his income in keeping his books.

(d) CALENDAR YEAR. For purposes of this subtitle, the term "calendar year" means a period of 12 months ending on December 31.

(e) FISCAL YEAR.-For purposes of this subtitle, the term "fiscal year" means a period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December. In the case of any taxpayer who has made the election provided by subsection (f), the term means the annual period (varying from 52 to 53 weeks) so elected.

(f) ELECTION OF YEAR CONSISTING OF 52-53 WEEKS.—

(1) GENERAL RULE.-A taxpayer who, in keeping his books, regularly computes his income on the basis of an annual period which varies from 52 to 53 weeks and ends always on the same day of the week and ends always

(A) on whatever date such same day of the week last occurs in a calendar month, or

(B) on whatever date such same day of the week falls which is nearest to the last day of a calendar month, may (in accordance with the regulations prescribed under paragraph (3)) elect to compute his taxable income for purposes of this subtitle on the basis of such annual period. This paragraph shall

apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this title.

(2) SPECIAL RULES FOR 52-53-WEEK YEAR.

(A) EFFECTIVE DATES.-In any case in which the effective date or the applicability of any provision of this title is expressed in terms of taxable years beginning or ending with reference to a specified date which is the first or last day of a month, a taxable year described in paragraph (1) shall (except for purposes of the computation under section 21) be treated

(i) as beginning with the first day of the calendar month beginning nearest to the first day of such taxable year, or

(ii) as ending with the last day of the calendar month ending nearest to the last day of such taxable year,

as the case may be.

(B) CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PERIOD.-In the case of a change from or to a taxable year described in paragraph (1)—

(i) if such change results in a short period (within the meaning of section 443) of 359 days or more, or of less than 7 days, section 443 (b) (relating to alternative tax computation) shall not apply;

(ii) if such change results in a short period of less than 7 days, such short period shall, for purposes of this subtitle, be added to and deemed a part of the following taxable year; and

(iii) if such change results in a short period to which subsection (b) of section 443 applies, the taxable income for such short period shall be placed on an annual basis for purposes of such subsection by multiplying such income by 365 and dividing the result by the number of days in the short period, and the tax shall be the same part of the tax computed on the annual basis as the number of days in the short period is of 365 days.

(3) REGULATIONS.-The Secretary or his delegate shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary for the application of this subsection.

(g) No Books KEPT; NO ACCOUNTING PERIOD.-Except as provided in section 443 (relating to returns for periods of less than 12 months), the taxpayer's taxable year shall be the calendar year if— (1) the taxpayer keeps no books;

(2) the taxpayer does not have an annual accounting period; or (3) the taxpayer has an annual accounting period, but such period does not qualify as a fiscal year.

SEC. 442. CHANGE OF ANNUAL ACCOUNTING PERIOD.

If a taxpayer changes his annual accounting period, the new accounting period shall become the taxpayer's taxable year only if the change is approved by the Secretary or his delegate. For purposes of this subtitle, if a taxpayer to whom section 441 (g) applies adopts an annual accounting period (as defined in section 441 (c)) other than a calendar year, the taxpayer shall be treated as having changed his annual accounting period.

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