the bequest or gift of the copyright of any book came to the knowledge of the vicechancellor of any university or the head of any college or house of learning;

Or unless the clerk of the Stationers' Company, being duly required to make the entry, refuses to do so, and the university advertises such refusal in the Gazette, in which case the clerk incurs a penalty of 20/. to the proprietors of the copyright.

The penalty must be sued for in the High Court.

ARTICLE 32.

Penalty for performing Dramatic Pieces. Every person who, without the consent in writing of the author or other proprietor first obtained, represents or causes to be represented at any place of dramatic entertainment in the British dominions any dramatic piece or musical composition is liable to pay to the author or proprietor for every such representation an amount not less than 40s., or the full amount of the benefit or advantage arising from such representation, or the injury or loss sustained by the plaintiff therefrom, whichever may be the greater damages.

The penalty may be recovered in any court having jurisdiction in such cases.

ARTICLE 33.

Penalty for Infringement of Copyright in Works of Art.

Every one (including the author, when he is not the proprietor) commits an offence who, without the consent of the proprietor of the copyright therein, does any of the following things with regard to any painting, drawing, or photograph in which copyright exists; (that is to say,) (a) Repeats, copies, colorably imitates, or otherwise multiplies, for sale, hire, exhibition, or distribution, any such work; or the design thereof;

(b) Causes or procures to be done anything mentioned in (a) ;

(c) Sells, publishes, lets to hire, exhibits, or

distributes, offers for any such purposes, imports into the United Kingdom any such repetition, copy, or other imitation of any such work or of the design thereof, knowing that it has been unlawfully made;

(d) Causes or procures to be done, any of the things mentioned in (c) ;

(e) Fraudulently signs or otherwise affixes or fraudulently causes to be signed or otherwise affixed to or upon any painting, drawing, or photograph or the negative thereof, any name, initials, or monogram.

(ƒ) Fraudulently sells, publishes, exhibits, or disposes of, or offers for sale, exhibition, or distribution, any painting, drawing, or photograph, or negative of a photograph, having thereon the name, initials, or monogram of a person who did not execute or make such work; (g) Fraudulently utters, disposes of, or puts off, or causes to be uttered or disposed of, any copy or colorable imitation of any painting, drawing, or photograph, or negative of a photograph, whether there is subsisting copyright therein or not, as having been made or executed by the author or makers of the original work from which such copy or imitation has been taken;

(h) Makes or knowingly sells, publishes, or offers for sale, any painting, drawing, or photograph which after being sold or parted with by the author or maker thereof, has been altered by any other person by addition or otherwise, or any copy of such work so altered, or of any part thereof, as the unaltered work of such author or maker during his life and without his consent.

Every one who commits any of the offences (a), (b), (c), or (d) forfeits to the proprietor of the copyright for the time being a sum not exceeding 10l., and all such repetitions, copies, and imitations made without such consent as aforesaid, and all negatives of photographs made for the purpose of obtaining such copies.

Every one who commits any of the offences (e), (f), (g), or (h) forfeits to the person aggrieved a sum not exceeding 10l., or double the price, if any, at which all such copies, engrav. ings, imitations, or altered works were held or offered for sale, and all such copies, engravings, imitations, and altered works are forfeited to the person whose name, initials, or monogram are fraudulently signed or affixed, or to whom such spurious or altered work is fraudulently or falsely ascribed; provided that none of the lastmentioned penalties are incurred unless the person to whom such spurious or altered work is so

fraudulently ascribed, or whose initials, name, or monogram is so fraudulently or falsely ascribed, was living at or within 20 years next before the time when the offence was committed.

The penalties hereinbefore specified are cumulative, and the person aggrieved by any of the acts before mentioned may recover damages in addition to such penalties, and may in any case recover and enforce the delivery to him of the things specified, and recover damages for their retention or conversion.

The penalties may be recovered either by action or before two justices or a stipendiary magistrate.

ARTICLE 34.

Importation of pirated Works of Art prohibited.

The importation into the United Kingdom of repetitions, copies, or imitations of paintings, drawings, or photographs wherein, or in the design whereof, there is an existing copyright under 25 & 26 Vict. c. 68, or of the design thereof, or of the negatives of photographs, is absolutely prohibited, except by the consent of the proprietor of the copyright or his agert authorized in writing.

ARTICLE 35.

Penalty for pirating Lectures.

Every person commits an offence who, having obtained or made a copy of any lecture, prints or otherwise copies and publishes the same, or causes it to be so dealt with without the leave of the author or his assigns;

Or, who, knowing it to have been printed or copied or published without such consent, sells, publishes, or exposes it to sale or causes it to be so dealt with;

Every person who commits such offence forfeits such printed or copied lectures, together with one penny for every sheet thereof found in his custody, half to the Queen and half to the informer.

The printing and publishing of any lecture in any newspaper without leave is an offence within the meaning of this article.

This section does not apply to the publication of lectures which have been printed and published as books at the time of such publication. The penalty must be sued for in the High Court.

ARTICLE 36.

Penalty for pirating Sculptures. Every person is liable to an action for damages who makes or imports, or causes to be

made or imported, or exposed to sale, or otherwise disposed, anything of which the copyright is protected by the 54 Geo. c. 56.

This article does not apply to any person who purchases the right or property of anything protected by the said Act of the proprietor by a deed in writing, signed by him with his own hand in the presence of and attested by two credible wit

nesses.

ARTICLE 37.

Penalty for pirating Prints and Engravings. Every person commits an offence who, without the consent of the proprietor in writing, signed by him and attested by two witnesses

(a) In any manner copies and sells, or causes or procures to be copied and sold, in whole or in part, any copyright print;

or

(b) Prints, reprints, or imports for sale any such print, or causes or procures any such print to be so dealt with; or (c) Knowing the same to be so printed or reprinted without the consent of the proprietors publishes, sells, exposes to sale, or otherwise disposes of any such print, or causes or procures it to be so dealt with.

Every person committing any such offence is liable to an action for damages in respect thereof, and forfeits to the proprietor, who must forthwith destroy and damask the same, the plate on which any such print is copied, and every sheet being part of such print, or whereon such print is copied, and also five shillings for every sheet found in his custody in respect of which any such offence is committed, half to the Queen and half to the informer.

The penalty must be sued for in the High Court within six months after the offence.

ARTICLE 38.

International Copyright may be granted in certain Cases.

Copyright in books, dramatic pieces and musical compositions, paintings, drawings, and photographs, sculptures, engravings, and prints, first published in foreign countries, may be granted to the authors of such works, in the manner, to the extent, and on the terms hereinafter mentioned, if what Her Majesty regards as due protection has been secured by the foreign country in which such works are first published

for the benefit of persons interested in similar works first published in Her Majesty's dominions.

ARTICLE 39.

Orders in Council as to International Copyright. Her Majesty may by Order in Council (stating as the ground for issuing the same that such protection as aforesaid has been secured as aforesaid) direct that the authors of all or any of the things mentioned in the last Article, being first published in any such foreign country as is mentioned in that Article, shall have copyright therein in Her Majesty's dominions for a term, to be specified in the Order, not exceeding the term of copyright which authors of things of the same kind first published in the United Kingdom are entitled by law at the date of the Order.

The terins so to be specified and the terms for registration and delivery of copies of books as hereinafter mentioned may be different for works first published in different foreign countries, and for different classes of such works.

ARTICLE 40.

Term of International Copyright. The authors of the works specified in the Order are entitled to copyright therein as followsUnder 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, and the other Acts relating to copyright in books, except the sections relating to the deposit of copies in certain libraries, if the works specified in the Order are books;

Under the Engraving Copyright Acts, the Sculpture Copyright Acts, or the Paintings Copyright Act respectively, if the works specified in the Order are prints, engravings, articles of sculpture, pictures, drawings, or photographs ;

Under the Dramatic Copyright Acts, provided

that such copyright does not extend to prevent fair imitations or adaptations to the English stage of any dramatic piece or musical composition published in any foreign country, if the works specified in the Order are dramatic pieces or musical compositions, unless the order directs that it shall extend to them.

Subject in each case to such limitations as to the duration of the right as may be specified in the Order, and subject also to the provisions hereinafter contained.

ARTICLE 41.

No Work Copyright without Registration. No author of any such work as is referred to in this chapter is entitled to any benefit under the provisions contained in it, unless such work is registered, and a copy of the first edition and of every subsequent edition containing additions or alterations, but of no other editions of it, is delivered at the Hall of the Stationers' Company, within a time to be specified in the Order of Council, and in the manner prescribed in the schedule in the footnote hereto.*

The three paragraphs preceding the last paragraph of Article 23 apply to such entries.

The copy so delivered must within one month of its delivery be deposited in the British Museum by the officer of the Stationers' Company. ARTICLE 42.

No International Copyright in Newspaper Articles. Articles of political discussion published in any newspaper, or periodical, in any foreign country may, if the source from which the same are taken is acknowledged, be republished or translated in any newspaper or periodical in this country, notwithstanding anything herein before or hereinafter contained.

Articles on other subjects so published may be dealt with in the same manner on the same condition, unless the author has signified his intention of preserving the copyright therein, and the right of translating the same, in some conspicuous part of the newspaper or periodical in which the same was first published, in which case such publication is to be regarded as a book within the meaning of Article.

ARTICLE 43.

Translations of Foreign Books.

Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that the authors of books published, and of dramatic pieces first publicly represented, in the foreign countries referred to in Article 38, may, for a period not exceeding five years from the publication of an authorized translation thereof, prevent the publication in the British dominions of any unauthorized translation thereof, and, in the case of dramatic pieces, the public representation of any such translation.

Upon the publication of such Order the law in force for the time being for preventing the infringement of copyright, and the sole right of representing dramatic pieces, in the British dominions applies to the prevention of the publication of such unauthorized translation.

Provided that no such Order prevents fair imitations or adaptations to the English stage of any dramatic piece or musical composition published in any foreign country.

But Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that this proviso shall not apply to the dramatic pieces protected under the original Order in Council.

If a book is published in parts, each part is regarded, for the purposes of this article, as a separate book.

ARTICLE 44.

Conditions of International Copyright in Transla

tions.

No author, and no personal representative of any author, is entitled to the benefit of the provisions of the last preceding article unless he complies with the following requisitions :

I. The original work from which the translation is to be made must be registered, and a copy thereof deposited in the United Kingdom, in the manner required for original works by the said International Copyright Act, within three calendar months of its first publication in the foreign country:

2. The author must notify on the title-page of the original work, or, if it is published in parts, on the title-page of the first part, or, if there is no title-page, on some conspicuous part of the work, that it is his intention to reserve the right of translating it :

3. The translation sanctioned by the author, or a part thereof, must be published either in the country mentioned in the Order in Council by virtue of which it is to be protected, or in the British dominions, not later than one year after the registration and deposit in the United Kingdom of the original work, and the whole of such translation must be published within three years of such registration and deposit:

4. Such translation must be registered, and a copy thereof deposited in the United Kingdom, within a time to be mentioned in that behalf in the Order by which it is protected, and in the manner provided by the said International Copyright Act for the registration and deposit of original works:

5. In the case of books published in parts, each part of the original work must be registered and deposited in this country, in the manner required by the said International Copyright Act, within three months after the first publication thereof in the foreign country:

6. In the case of dramatic pieces the translation sanctioned by the author must be published within three calendar months of the registration of the original work:

7. The above requisitions apply to articles

originally published in newspapers or periodicals, if the same be afterward published in a separate form, but not to such articles as originally published.

ARTICLE 45.

Importation of Pirated Works.

The importation into any part of the British

dominions of copies of any work of literature or art, the copyright in which is protected by the provisions of this chapter, and of unauthorized translations thereof, is absolutely prohibited, unless the registered proprietor of the copyright therein, or his agent authorized in writing, consents, and the provisions of Article 28 apply to the importation of such copies into any part of the British dominions.