week was determined. The investigation covered the first five weeks after enlistment for Class A and the first four weeks after enlistment for Class B, at the end of which periods it was found necessary to discontinue the study. Fig. 3 shows graphically the results obtained. The average energy value per man per day of the food consumed during each week is represented by a series of blocks. The average weight per man was measured at the beginning of each week and at the end of the last week and is shown as a solid line. The scales on which the two quantities are plotted are shown at the left. The noteworthy features of the study are the drop in weight during the first week, in part presumably a result of the typhoid prophylaxis, and subsequent rise for both groups of men resulting in a net increase of 1.4 pounds per man for Class A for a five-week period and 2.6 pounds per man for Class B for a four-week period. The consumption of food in the mess shows a very large increase in both cases. In examining Fig. 3 it should be borne in mind. that up to the beginning of the third week the group of recruits had not been divided into Class A and Class B.

It is of interest to compare the averages for these studies with similar averages made in the past. Before doing this it should be stated that all of the groups reported here average approximately 68 inches in height in their stocking feet, and were approximately 25 years of age. All were National Army men, secured by draft from civilian life. The average weight for civilians of this height and age has been determined to be 145 pounds in ordinary clothes.2 As the army examination uses stripped weight a deduction must be made for the weight of the clothes. Assuming six pounds as the probable value of this, 139 pounds may be taken as the stripped weight of civilians 68 inches tall. According to this standard the men of all the organizations except Company A, 366th Infantry, were about 2Medico-actuarial Mortality Investigation,' Vol. I. Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors and Actuarial Society of America, New York, 1912,

normal in weight at enlistment. In ordinary times recruits for the regular army are drawn chiefly from the laboring classes and show an average weight of approximately 147 pounds for the age and height of the groups here studied. The difference of seven pounds in the average weight of regular army recruits in peace times and these National Army men is probably a result of the changed character of the army due to the draft. It will be noted that Company A of the 377th Infantry consists of colored men; the average weight of these men at enlistment is practically that of the average peace time recruits for the regular army. Also the average rate of gain in weight of this organization is less than in any other of those here studied. With the one exception just noted, all of these National Army men, although they closely approximate the normal civilian weight, made a considerable gain under the rather strenuous training régime of the camp. There is no doubt that this is a gain almost entirely in muscular tissue. A weighted average of the increases made by the three companies shown in Fig. 1 and of the men of the 303d Field Artillery gives 6.4 pounds as the mean increase in body weight for the men of the four organizations. The average weight of these men after training (146.8 pounds) is about the same as that of the average peace time recruit (145.1). According to Munson the peace time recruit, who is undoubtedly a much more robust type physically than the National Army recruits, gains about 2.8 pounds as a result of three and a half months of military training and the gain of 6.4 pounds of the National Army men is thus not at all surprising. The twentythree per cent. increase in chest motility shown by the men of the 303d Field Artillery is scarcely second to their weight increase as an index of improvement in physical condition. The men of this regiment showed an average motility at enlistment of three inches. This is a little higher than that shown by the

8The Theory and Practise of Military Hygiene," E. L. Munson, New York, William Wood & Co., 1901.

group of regular army recruits mentioned by Munson, whose motility at enlistment averaged 2.8 inches. The regular army recruits increased 0.6 inches in motility as a result of three and a half months' training, while the 523 men of the 303d Field Artillery showed an average increase of 0.7 inch in five months.

The recruit study at Camp Pike indicates the relation between gain in weight and food consumption. It is of course obvious that without proper feeding physical improvement of the men is greatly retarded no matter how favorable other conditions are. It is possible, however, with conditions as they exist in the army, to feed men very satisfactorily from a nutritional point of view and at the same time very economically. A consideration of the remarkable physical gain outlined above of men in the 303d Field Artillery, taken in conjunction with the regimental waste record, shows this very conclusively. During the week of the survey made in order to determine the food consumption of the men of the regiment there was no waste of edible food. This means that every man left the table with an empty mess kit, and that all left-overs from the kitchen were utilized in subsequent meals. While such a remarkable record is exceptional, mess economy in this regiment was at all times of a high order. The beneficial effects of the discipline necessary to secure such results will probably never be lost by the men who were in the organization. The average energy value of the food consumed per man per day in the 303d Field Artillery was 3,699 calories, a figure typical of the consumption found in army messes generally.

The annua! announcement, application blanks, and circular describing graduate courses may be obtained by addressing the Dean of the Johns Hopkins Medical School Washington and Monument St.

Washington University

School of Medicine

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION Candidates for entrance are required to have completed at least two full years of college work which must include English, German, and instruction with laboratory work in Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

INSTRUCTION

Instruction begins on the last Thursday in September and ends on the second Thursday in June. Clinical instruction is given in the Barnes Hospital and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, affiliated with the medical school, the St. Louis City Hu pital, and in the Washington University DispensLIY.

COURSES LEADING TO ACADEMIC
DEGREES

Students who have taken their premedical work in Washington University, are eligible for the degree of B.S. upon the completion of the first two years of medical work.

Students in Washington University may pursue study in the fundamental medical sciences leading to the degree of A.M. and Ph.D.

THE LONG ISLAND COLLEGE HOSPITAL

BROOKLYN-NEW YORK

Sixty-first Annual Session begins September 22, 1919

The medical college requires two years of study in a. college of liberal arts or sciences for admission.

See specifications for Class A Medical Colleges by the Council on Medical Education, A.M.A.; also those for a Medical Student's Qualifying Certificate by the University of the State of New York.

Conditioned Students not admitted

For particulars address

THE DEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE

Henry and Amity Streets

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

The One Hundred and Fifty-Fourth Annual Session will open September 26, 1919

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION Candidates for admission are required to have completed at least two full years of college work which must include specified amounts of English, French or German, Physics, Biology and Chemistry (including Organic). Laboratory work is required in the three sciences.

The first and second year classes are limited to 100 students. Women are admitted. Application should be presented before July 1st, as on that date the selection of the entering class will

be made.

About 125 students can be accommodated in the third and fourth year classes and applications for admittance on advanced standing will be considered from students who have made excellent records in other "Class A" medical schools.

INSTRUCTION

Clinical instruction is given in the University Hospital on the campus with 400 beds and the immediately adjoining Phila delphia General Hospital with 1600 beds. The fundamental branches are taught in the Hare Laboratory of Chemistry, the combined Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology and Phar macology, and the Laboratory of Hygiene and Bacteriology,

GRADUATE COURSES

Information concerning courses in the recently organized Medico-Chirurgical College Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, which includes as a unit the former Philadelphia Polyclinic Hospital and Polyclinic Graduate School of Medicine, can be obtained from the Dean as well as information about courses leading to the degree of Doctor of Public Hygiene (Dr. P.H.) and courses in Tropical Medicine.

The course of instruction occupies four years, beginning the second week in September and ending the first week in June. The first two years are devoted to the fundamental sciences, and the third and fourth to practical clinic instruction in medicine and surgery. All the organized medical and surgical charities of the city of Augusta and Richmond County, including the hospitals, are under the entire control of the Board of Trustees of the University. This agreement affords a large number and variety of patients which are used in the clinical teaching. Especial emphasis is laid upon practical work both in the laboratory and clinical departments

TUITION

The charge for tuition is $150.00 a year except for residents of the State of Georgia, to whom tuition i free. For further information and catalogue address

The Medical Department, University of Georgia

AUGUSTA, GEORGIA

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

ONLY MEDICAL SCHOOL IN THE CITY OF CLEVELAND

Admits only college students and seniors in absentia.

E cellent laboratories and facilities for research and advanced work.

Large clinical material. Sole medical control of Lakeside, City, Charity and Maternity Hospitals and Babies' Dispensary. Clinical Clerk Services with individual instruction.

¶ Wide choice of hospital appointments for all graduates.

¶ Fifth optional year leading to A.M. in Medicine. ¶ Vacation courses facilitating transfer of advanced students.

¶ Session opens Oct. 2, 1919; closes June 17, 1920 Tuition, $150.00.

For catalogue, information and application blanks, address

THE REGISTRAR, 1353 East 9th St., Cleveland

OF

The Johns Hopkins University

The second academic session will begin September 30, 1919. Opportunities for instruction and investigation will be offered in Bacteriology, Immunology and Serology, Protozoology and Medical Zoology, Epidemiology, Biometry and Vital Statistics, Sanitary Engineering, Physiology as applied to hygiene, including the principles of industrial and educational hygiene, Chemistry as applied to hygiene including the analysis of foods and the principles of nutrition, Social and Mental Hygiene, etc. The courses in these subjects are organized upon a trimestral basis and students may enter the School as candidates for a degree or as special students at the beginning of any trimester, fall, winter or spring. Men and women students are admitted on the same terms.

For regularly matriculated students courses are arranged leading to the degree of Doctor of Public Health, Doctor of Science in Hygiene and Bachelor of Science in Hygiene. The details in regard to the requirements for matriculation in these courses are described in the catalogue of the School which will be forwarded upon application.

A certificate in Public Health may be awarded to qualified persons after one year of resident study.

Persons desiring to take one or more courses not as applicants for a degree may enter as special students on approval of the Faculty.

For further information address the Director of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 310-312 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

Entrance Two years of a recognized course in arts or in science in a registered college or Requirements School of Science, which must include Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and French or German. Six and seven years' combination courses are offered.

The First Two
Years

The Third Year
Course

The Fourth Year Course

is clinical. Students spend the entire forenoon throughout the year as clinical clerks in hospitals under careful supervision. The clinical clerk takes the history, makes the physical examination and the laboratory examinations, arrives at a diagnosis which he must defend, outlines the treatment under his instructor and observes and records the result. In case of operation or of autopsy he follows the specimen and identifies its pathological nature. Two general hospitals, one of which is owned and controlled by the University, one special hospital and the municipal hospitals and laboratories are open to our students. The afternoons are spent in the College Dispensary and in clínical work in medical and surgical specialties and in conferences.

Summer School-A summer course in pathology covering a period of six weeks during June and July will be given in case there is a sufficient number of applicants.

Address the Secretary of the College,
SYRACUSE, N. Y.

307 Orange Street

IN AFFILIATION WITH

The University of Chicago

Curriculum.-The fundamental branches (Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, etc.) are taught in the Departments of Science at the Hull Biological and the Ricketts Laboratories, University of Chicago. The courses of the three clinical years are given in Rush Medical College and in the Presbyterian, the Cook County, The Children's Memorial, The Hospital for Destitute Crippled Children, and other hospitals.

Classes Limited.-The number of students admitted to each class is limited. Applications for admission next Autumn quarter should be made now.

Hospital Year -The Fifth Year, consisting of service as an interne under supervision in an approved hospital, or of advanced work in one of the departments is prerequisite for graduation.

Summer Quarter.-The college year is divided into four quarters, three of which constitute an annual session. The summer quarter, in the climate of Chicago is advantageous for work. Students are admitted to begin the medical courses only in the Autumn and Spring quarters. Elective System.-A considerable freedom of choice of courses and instructors is open to the student. Graduate Courses.-Advanced and research

courses are

offered in all departments. Students by attending summer quarters and prolonging their residence at the University of Chicago in advanced work may secure the degree of A.M., S.M., or Ph.D, from the University.

Prize Scholarship.-Six prize scholarships-three in the first two years and three in the last two (clinical) years-are awarded to college graduates for theses embodying original research.

The Spring quarter commenced March 31, 1919. TUITION-$60.00 per quarter, no laboratory fees. Complete and detailed information may be secured by addressing THE MEDICAL DEAN