Jobs, according to your committee, for the unskilled are disappearing. Wisconsin, along with other States, has great need for public investment in its natural resources. It also has 22 counties in the northern part of the State classified as depressed areas. Urban youth desperately need more opportunity.

The major public investment in Wisconsin's resources was of great economic aid to private industry as well as to the public trust and was a great help to the big paper industry in Wisconsin. It was the basis, in many respects, for the start of their management of forests and construction of many of the roads by which they haul pulp to their mills at a reduced cost.

Resource camps in Wisconsin are well received by the public. Wisconsin has the work needs delineated. Work in this field has a therapeutic value, the Governor feels, for disturbed youth. And he hopes that consideration can be given in the future to programs even for young women in this field. This is a summary of the Governor's remarks. Thank you.

(The prepared statement of Governor Reynolds follows:)

PREPARED STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE JOHN REYNOLDS, GOVERNOR OF WISCONSIN

Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, I want to urge your support of Senator Nelson's proposal to put men to work to protect our resources and to develop the potential of this Nation's unemployed.

This proposal is basically a public investment in our human and nature resources. It tackles two of the problems that we in Wisconsin consider most critical.

As Governor of a State with a variety of programs in both employment and resources, I feel compelled to comment on the need for this action.

We have our large urban areas which are experiencing heavy immigrations from both in and out of State. We have our dropouts and our depressed regions where 22 of our northern counties have been declared ARA eligible. We recognize some of the causes of the changes that are creating problems.

Change is always with us, but it is now remarkably accelerated by technological advances, and most importantly, by the population explosion-the postwar baby boom that is creating such a large group of young workers in this decade. For many Americans, the 1960's are years of stress. During this period, estimates say, this Nation must come up with approximately 15 million new jobs. Thirteen million of these will be needed to offset the growth in the labor force due simply to the population increase, but 2 million will be needed to offset job losses due to automation and technological change.

The major problems involve our young people entering the labor market for the first time.

During the 1960's, the number of young people in the 18 to 24 year age group entering the labor market will be 40 percent greater than in the previous decade. In my own State of Wisconsin, youngsters of the 15 to 19 age group will increase by nearly 50 percent-and those in the 20 to 24 age group, by nearly 55 percent in this period.

Throughout the Nation, labor statistics tell us, the prospects for jobs appear brightest in the professional and technical fields, where openings will perhaps grow proportionately faster than the labor force. In skilled trades, new jobs will keep up with the growth but in semiskilled, the growth in jobs will lag behind the supply of workers by one-third. Unskilled jobs will decline. In farming, a big drop is occurring.

Resource work on the land calls for great amounts of labor. It is perfectly adaptable to a wide range of worker capabilities, and it can accommodate many who, because of inadequate training or other problems, cannot be provided for in other programs.

Wisconsin urgently needs public investment to affect both manpower and our natural resources.

We know that our young forests springing up in our once-razed northwoods area will need quick management action if they are not to grow up into poor

quality timber that will be of marginal economic value. We need to establish new forests on over 5 million acres.

We urgently need erosion control work on the 5 million acres of farmlands where our soils resources are slipping away to the Gulf of Mexico.

Recent intensive studies along the south shore of Lake Superior show that a massive total of $54 million could be invested immediately just to protect the resources upon which the recreation industry depends. Included would be watershed work on the Superior streams, highway beauty enhancement, lake rehabilitation where fish species have become unbalanced to the point that sport fishing has deteriorated, access point development, campground and picnic sites development, as well as protection and development of historic sites, scenic drives, museums, etc.

Our planning efforts are rapidly determining our major priorities for public investment. These developments will help these areas recover from their past neglect.

Now, there is no question but what there will be some clamor raised against public investment in resources. There always are individuals who oppose the use of planning in development of our resources. Other responsible citizens express sincere doubt, through inexperience. But I say that intelligent public investment in our natural and human resources pays off. Wisconsin can prove it; we point to the favorable resource conditions for our paper companies.

Most people know that Wisconsin has a large forest resource base. What they don't know is that most of it was once clear cut and burned. Some was illadvisedly developed for agriculture. These lands were in such an unhappy condition that in the twenties and thirties millions of acres were abandoned as useless, and they became only a drain on the local governments and the State. There was little left upon which to build. Lumber mills closed. Pulp and paper mills bought their supplies elsewhere, reaching into Canada and the Far West.

This was a surprise and a shock to people, even the experts had been amazed at the speed with which man and his ax and torch had razed this huge area which is so large that it would form a belt 1 mile wide all around the earth. But man had done what no one expected. He had cut and hacked his way back into the wildest sections, cut with abandon and watched the logs roll down the rivers to the mill, and later watched the slash burn unchecked for weeks-all in record time.

The point is, that the legacy of carnage of the twenties and thirties was rebuilt by careful land-use planning, establishment of dedicated forests, the establishment of forest fire protection facilities, the establishment of technical corps to reforest these acres, to map and plan forest access and recommend zoning and resettlement to cut local tax burdens. CCC crews built roads, campgrounds, plantations, bridges, and a host of other improvements.

Wisconsin, with Federal help, undertook this task of investment in the future. It has paid off.

Even now, as we confer here, heavy pulp trucks rumble over well engineered roads in our north woods, carrying their cargo to Wisconsin's great pulp and paper mills. Many of these roads were built by the CCC as a public investment. They already have cut the cost of getting pulp to our mills; they have made much more of our woodland accessible to the vacationist and sportsman, and have provided savings in time and money to local residents.

The woods, planned by technologists, are still young and in need of thinning, pruning, and continued care, but they are contributing to the enrichment of the northern economy at an increasing rate.

Thousands of acres of CCC-established young forest plantations are coming into production, first with posts and poles, and now with pulp.

Some of the reforested areas were sold to pulp and paper companies at a fraction of their actual value to encourage the establishment of commercial forests in our State. This movement has grown so that now nearly all of our pulp and timber companies have joined this movement, greatly increasing the acreage of managed forests.

So this public investment in our north has resulted in a better forest industry. You will also hear arguments against camps because of local objections. Our experience with this problem has not borne this fear out.

Wisconsin operates resource camps right now for both prisoners from our State detention centers as well as youth camps for recreation work under Senator Nelson's $50 million outdoor recreation program.

Neither type causes problems and both have proven highly productive. We have found that local leaders like to be consulted prior to the establishment of new camps, but we have never had any trouble getting camps established.

Both camps have been very successful in Wisconsin. In fact, I recently recommended to our State recreation committee that the camp program be expanded because of (1) the proven value to our youth, and (2) the benefits to the State. In summary, I urge this committee to support Senator Nelson's bill, S. 2958, to put men to work to protect and develop our natural and human resources, and stress the following points:

(1) The labor market of the sixties is being flooded by the products of the postwar baby boom.

(2) Jobs for the unskilled are disappearing.

(3) Wisconsin, and no doubt many other States, urgently needs public investment in natural resources.

(4) Wisconsin has 22 depressed counties (ARA).

(5) Our urban youth need more opportunity.

(6) The last major public investment in Wisconsin's natural resources has been of great economic aid to private industry as well as the public trust. (7) Resource camps are well received by the public.

(8) Wisconsin has the work needs delineated.

(9) Work on natural resources could have a therapeutic value for disturbed youth.

No doubt consideration can be given in the future to programs for young women and for older workers.

Thank you for your attention. It has been a pleasure for me to meet with you. Senator CLARK. Thank you very much, Mr. Hovind. Will you tell Governor Reynolds we appreciate very much his arranging for you to testify before this subcommittee. We will take serious heed of his recommendations.

Mr. HOVIND. Thank you.

Senator CLARK. Now Mayor, thank you very much for your courtesy in standing aside for the other witness. Do you have a prepared statement?

STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN E. BABIARZ, MAYOR OF WILMINGTON, DEL., FOR U.S. CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

Mayor BABIARZ. Yes, sir.

Senator CLARK. Is that statement on behalf of the U.S. Conference of Mayors?

Mayor BABIARZ. Yes, sir; also on behalf of the city of Wilmington and State of Delaware.

Senator CLARK. This statement will be printed in full at this point. I see it is quite short. Would you care to amplify it or emphasize any parts of it?

(The prepared statement of Mayor Babiarz follows:)

PREPARED STATEMENT BY JOHN E. BABIARZ, MAYOR OF WILMIngton, Del.

First let me express the thanks of the U.S. Conference of Mayors and that of the city of Wilmington for the opportunity to appear before this committee today in behalf of Senate bill 2958.

After a thorough study of Senator Nelson's document which he has entitled "The Human and Resource Conservation Act of 1964," we find great merit in it, and believe that should it be implemented the entire Nation could benefit from the results of the proposed programs.

May I initially refer to my own city of Wilmington, Del. We were one of the more than 2,000 contacts which Senator Nelson made in his quest to see whether workable programs would be forthcoming after his plans were studied. Immediate attention was given to his request that appropriate departments of the city of Wilmington make surveys on this subject.

After our city planner and director of parks and recreation made their studies. we found that we could very easily utilize at least 19 man-years of work, some of which could begin almost immediately.

I might preface further remarks by relating to you that this summer we initiated an 8-week youth work program, which is just coming to a close. The cost of this program was approximately $46,434.80. We specified that workers had to be either high school or college students who expected to continue their studies. We were not interested in dropouts. We wanted to help young people who were eager to help themselves, but who had no means of employment. I can tell you today that the program has been successful and that we have had favorable comments from many sources.

This project was supervised by our department of public works, but younger men were employed as foremen. Our first-year program consisted of the following type of work:

A total of 82 young men were employed in this initial project. However, Peter A. Larson, our city planner, informed Senator Nelson some weeks ago that the city could have used three times the number of employees used this summer and at least 15 man-years of work could have resulted. Of course, our limited budget made this impossible. Had funds been available as outlined in S. 2958, our city could have benefited from an extended work program.

Our director of parks and recreation believes that another 4 man-year project could be developed through the following program:

1. Cleaning streams through parks.

2. Making improvements to paths and walks.
3. Setting permanent-type benches in all parks.
4. Constructing additional picnic areas.

5. Regrading and filling playground areas.

6. Removing dead and fallen trees.

7. A tree replanting program.

I am told that similar projects have been unveiled throughout the United States which could be developed to give us a better conservation program and thus make existing parklands and city properties more attractive and able to be utilized by greater numbers of people. Above all, it would provide an opportunity for employment of unskilled labor of which there is generally an abundance in my city and every other one of which I have any knowledge.

While I do not propose to speak here for the State of Delaware, nevertheless I know of the interest of many citizens in developing Fort Delaware State Park into a tourist attraction. The fort is located on an island in the Delaware River just 15 miles southeast of Wilmington, and we are naturally interested in seeing this developed into a major eastern seaboard attraction.

Fort Delaware is the only relic of the Civil War still in existence in the State. The fort is well preserved and is surrounded by a large acreage of lawn. There is also a moat surrounding the fort which, according to professional estimates, could be made workable with proper attention.

At present Fort Delaware is open to the public only on weekends and holidays. It must be reached by boat from Delaware City, which is a pleasant 10-minute ride. Under its present restricted use, it attracts more than 10,000 people annually. This could be a readymade program if this bill should be enacted into law.

At the least two other steps could be taken in Delaware, in my opinion, which would produce work on a local level so unskilled workers could live at home while being thus employed.

In most areas of the country which are near large bodies of water there has been, and continues to be, a mosquito problem. This is certainly true in my State. If a program of drainage ditch work could be arranged to help destroy the breeding places of mosquitos, we would be making a significant contribution to the health and welfare of our people.

Again, Delaware has been most fortunate in receiving a large sum of tax money from the General Motors divestiture ruling, and right now a general assembly bill is being considered to set aside sums of that money to develop "green acres." This means that more capital funds would be spent to secure recreational and conservation lands. I can foresee a great benefit for the

people of the State should this bill be enacted. Delaware would most likely be ready to move forward since it would have matching funds available.

For my part, and speaking to you on behalf of the U.S. Conference of Mayors who are fully aware of Senator Nelson's efforts in behalf of this bill, it is my sincere hope that its merits will receive your closest scrutiny and utmost attention. Thank you.

Mayor BABIARZ. Yes, I will. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Senator Nelson. I want to express the thanks of the U.S. Conference of Mayors and also my own and the city of Wilmington for this opportunity. I think there is one area that should be amplified. This year in the city of Wilmington we initiated a summer work program for our youth. This is a program limited by our own ability to finance it and the initial results are good.

Private industry and enterprise are only able to take up some of the youth that are available during the summer period. To keep these young people active and doing something constructive we initiated this program with one idea in mind, that these were not to be school dropouts but boys who are interested in furthering their education.

Also, it has another aspect in that it shows them that as unskilled people they face menial tasks in the future. The boys are really going at it and it has been a very successful program so far.

Senator NELSON. How many boys are there?

Mayor BABIARZ. This is a pilot program. We are using nine groups of nine boys each with rented equipment and small tools. We probably could use three or four times that many and they are available. Senator NELSON. What is the population of your city?

Mayor BABIARZ. 100,000.

Senator NELSON. They use nine groups of nine?

Mayor BABIARZ. Yes; 81 boys and one supervisor makes 82.
Senator NELSON. What kind of work do they do?

Mayor BABIARZ. They are cleaning tax property as well as some of the vacant properties that private people and industry have neglected. Despite enforcement they still fail to cut the weeds and clean the trash that is dumped by the public, so we are going to charge the people for this work. The boys have been cleaning ditches, catch basins, sewerlines, and doing some degree of street cleaning, but this is not the major portion because we have a regular crew.

We have also set three crews to housekeeping on parklands. Here they are cleaning up dead shrubbery, cutting down dead trees, cleaning streambeds and so forth.

Senator NELSON. Have you completed the program?

Mayor BABIARZ. No, we are halfway through.

Senator NELSON. What is your evaluation of the quality of work they are doing?

Mayor BABIARZ. It is excellent. The boys are tending to their work and are not fooling around. They are supervising themselves. These are boys from 16 to 21.

The top supervisor is a college student, a graduate student. I think he is age 23. Of course they are also under the department of public works and under the park board wherever they enter the parks. Primarily this is the youth program working under its own general supervision. We had 19 accidents reported in the first 4 weeks of operation.

Ten of these were bee stings and poison ivy. The only major accident involved a boy who stubbed his toe on a hidden rock and had to